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((Use dmy dates|date=February 2020))
((More citations needed|date=August 2017))
((Infobox political party
| name             = Republican Left of Catalonia
| logo             = ERC logo 2017.svg
| logo_size        = 250px
| colorcode        = ((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))
| abbreviation     = ERC
| president        = [[Oriol Junqueras]]
| secretary_general = [[Marta Rovira]]
| leader1_name     = [[Pere Aragonès]]
| leader1_title    = National Coordinator
| foundation       = 19 March 1931
| ideology         = ((ublist|class = nowrap
 | [[Catalan nationalism]]<ref>((Citation |first=Montserrat |last=Guibernau |title=Catalan Nationalism: Francoism, transition and democracy |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |page=82))</ref><ref name=hargreaves/>
 | [[Catalan independence]]<ref name="ReferenceA">The ERC is widely described as pro-independence: ((bulleted list|((Citation |first1=Helena |last1=Buffery |first2=Elisenda |last2=Marcer |title=Historical Dictionary of the Catalans |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2011 |page=198))|((Citation |first=Elisenda |last=Paluzie|author-link=Elisenda Paluzie |title=The costs and benefits of staying together: the Catalan case in Spain |work=The Political Economy of Inter-Regional Fiscal Flows: Measurement, Determinants and Effects on Country Stability |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |year=2010 |page=367))|((Citation |first1=Liesbet |last1=Hooghe |first2=Gary |last2=Marks |first3=Arjan H. |last3=Schakel |title=The Rise of Regional Authority: A Comparative Study of 42 Democracies |publisher=Routledge |year=2010 |page=194))|((Citation |first=Frans |last=Schrijver |title=Regionalism After Regionalisation: Spain, France and the United Kingdom |publisher=Vossiuspers, Amsterdam University Press |year=2006 |page=112))|((Citation |first=Lauren M. |last=McLaren |title=Constructing Democracy in Southern Europe: A Comparative Analysis of Italy, Spain, and Turkey |publisher=Routledge |year=2008 |page=184))|((Citation |first=Elisa |last=Roller |title=Conflict and Cooperation in EU Policy-Making: The Case of Catalonia |work=The EU and Territorial Politics Within Member States: Conflict Or Co-Operation? |publisher=Brill |year=2004 |page=80))))</ref>
 | [[Eco-nationalism]]<ref>((cite journal |last1=Conversi |first1=Daniele |last2=Friis Hau |first2=Mark |date=8 Apr 2021 |title=Green nationalism. Climate action and environmentalism in left nationalist parties |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09644016.2021.1907096?journalCode=fenp20 |journal=Environmental Politics |volume=30 |issue=7 |pages=1089–1110 |doi=10.1080/09644016.2021.1907096 |s2cid=234853239 |access-date=23 December 2021))</ref>
 | [[Left-wing nationalism]]<ref>((Citation |first=Sonia |last=Alonso |title=Challenging the State: Devolution and the Battle for Partisan Credibility |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2012 |page=77))</ref><ref>((Citation |first1=Luis |last1=Ramiro|first2=Laura|last2=Morales |title=European integration and Spanish parties: Elite empowerment amidst limited adaptation |work=The Europeanization of National Political Parties: Power and organizational adaptation |publisher=Routledge |year=2007 |page=146))</ref><ref>((Citation |first1=Luis |last1=Moreno |first2=César |last2=Colino |title=Kingdom of Spain |work=Diversity and Unity in Federal Countries |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |year=2010 |page=299))</ref>
 | [[Republicanism]]<ref>((cite web|url=http://elmon.cat/noticia/166379/rc_desitja_sort_al_pdc_i_el_qualifica_de_partit_de_dreta_centre-dreta_166379|title=ERC diferencia el seu republicanisme del del PDC|work=El Món|date=11 July 2016 |access-date=8 August 2017))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.esquerra.cat/27congresnacional/ponencia-politica_2015.pdf|title=PONÈNCIA POLÍTICA 27è Congrés Nacional|access-date=8 August 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193628/http://www.esquerra.cat/27congresnacional/ponencia-politica_2015.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2017))</ref>
 | [[Social democracy]]<ref>((Citation|first1=Montserrat|last1=Guibernau|title=Catalan Nationalism: Francoism, transition and democracy|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|page=82))</ref><ref name=hargreaves>((Citation|first1=John|last1=Hargreaves|title=Freedom for Catalonia?: Catalan Nationalism, Spanish Identity and the Barcelona Olympic Games|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2000|page=84))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/catalonia.html|title=Catalonia/Spain|first=Wolfram|last=Nordsieck|year=2021|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|access-date=17 February 2021))</ref>
 | [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]<ref name="ReferenceA">The ERC is widely described as pro-independence: ((bulleted list|((Citation |first1=Helena |last1=Buffery |first2=Elisenda |last2=Marcer |title=Historical Dictionary of the Catalans |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2011 |page=198))|((Citation |first=Elisenda |last=Paluzie|author-link=Elisenda Paluzie |title=The costs and benefits of staying together: the Catalan case in Spain |work=The Political Economy of Inter-Regional Fiscal Flows: Measurement, Determinants and Effects on Country Stability |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |year=2010 |page=367))|((Citation |first1=Liesbet |last1=Hooghe |first2=Gary |last2=Marks |first3=Arjan H. |last3=Schakel |title=The Rise of Regional Authority: A Comparative Study of 42 Democracies |publisher=Routledge |year=2010 |page=194))|((Citation |first=Frans |last=Schrijver |title=Regionalism After Regionalisation: Spain, France and the United Kingdom |publisher=Vossiuspers, Amsterdam University Press |year=2006 |page=112))|((Citation |first=Lauren M. |last=McLaren |title=Constructing Democracy in Southern Europe: A Comparative Analysis of Italy, Spain, and Turkey |publisher=Routledge |year=2008 |page=184))|((Citation |first=Elisa |last=Roller |title=Conflict and Cooperation in EU Policy-Making: The Case of Catalonia |work=The EU and Territorial Politics Within Member States: Conflict Or Co-Operation? |publisher=Brill |year=2004 |page=80))))</ref>
 | [[Catch-all party]]((Sfn|Canal|2018|p=85|ps=&nbsp;"Convivían en su seno desde tendencias obreristas hasta el filofascismo declarado de Josep Dencàs, conformando una opción ''catch-all'' tan atractiva como difícil de mantener al margen de riñas y escisiones internas"))
 | '''Factions:'''
 | [[Federalism]]<ref>((Citation |first1=Joan |last1=Tardà i Coma |title="Si ofrecieran un buen Estatuto de Autonomía confederal es posible que muchos independentistas lo votaran" |date=3 October 2018 |url=https://catalunyaplural.cat/es/si-oferissin-un-bon-estatut-dautonomia-de-caracter-confederal-es-possible-que-molts-independentistes-el-votessin/))</ref><ref>((Citation |first1=Joan |last1=Tardà i Coma |title="La mejor manera de desactivar al adversario es más república y menos estelada" |date=8 March 2019 |url=https://www.eldiario.es/catalunya/politica/Entrevista-Joan-Tarda_0_875262466.html))</ref><ref>((Citation |first1=Gabriel |last1=Rufián Romero |title=4-6-19 GABRIEL RUFIAN: Yo no soy nacionalista y tampoco independentista |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHk7L5JPNd4 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/qHk7L5JPNd4 |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live))((cbignore))</ref>
))
| headquarters     = C/Calàbria, 166 <br /> 08015 [[Barcelona]], [[Catalonia]], [[Spain]]
| international    = 
| website          = [http://www.esquerra.cat/ www.esquerra.cat]
| country          = Catalonia
| native_name      = Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya
| position         = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]<ref>[http://www.politico.eu/article/catalan-trial-turns-into-pro-independence-show-of-force-artur-mas-president-joana-ortega-irene-rigau-spain/ Catalan trial turns into pro-independence show of force]. Politico. Author - 	Diego Torres. Published 2 February 2017. Updated 9 February 2017. Retrieved 4 August 2017.</ref><ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/catalan-separatists-projected-win-snap-election-171221192956454.html Catalan separatists projected to win snap election]. Al Jazeera. Published 21 December 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2018.</ref><ref>((cite news |date= 29 April 2019 |title= Spain election: Socialists win amid far-right breakthrough |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-48081540 |work= BBC News |access-date= 29 April 2019))</ref><ref>((cite news |last= Stothard |first= Michael |date= 11 December 2017 |title= Catalan separatist focuses on fairer society over independence |url= https://www.ft.com/content/506eb48c-dc17-11e7-a039-c64b1c09b482 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/506eb48c-dc17-11e7-a039-c64b1c09b482 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |work= Financial Times |access-date= 29 April 2019))</ref> to [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]]<ref>((cite news |date= 14 February 2021 |title= Catalan separatists projected to win majority in regional polls |url= https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/14/catalan-separatists-set-to-win-majority-in-regional-elections |work= Al Jazeera |access-date= 3 September 2022 |quote= The opinion poll showed that the two main rival separatist parties – the left-wing Republican Left of Catalonia (Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, ERC) and the centre-right Together for Catalonia (Junts per Catalunya) would get 36-38 and 30-33 seats, respectively, in the 135-seat assembly.))</ref><ref>((cite news |last= Stone |first= Jon |date= 20 September 2017 |title= Spanish police storm Catalan government buildings to stop independence referendum |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/catalonia-independence-referendum-catalan-police-storm-ministries-arrested-josep-maria-jove-a7956581.html |work= The Independent |access-date= 3 September 2022 |quote= Catalonia's provincial government is a broad church of separatist parties from the left and right, ranging from the left-wing Republican Left of Catalonia to the centre-right Democratic Convergence of Catalonia.))</ref><ref>((cite journal |url= https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers/article/europes-secessionist-movements-and-covid19/0CC487CA5AAF11183FA8331BF82523F3 |title= Europe's Secessionist Movements and Covid-19 |journal= Nationalities Papers |year= 2022 |publisher= Cambridge University Press |doi= 10.1017/nps.2020.103 |access-date= 3 September 2022 |quote= The other party in the Catalan government, the left-wing Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC), indulged in Torra’s strongest lines of attack to a certain extent, but their attitude throughout has been rather more conciliatory.|last1= Parker |first1= Jonathan |volume= 50 |pages= 118–129 |s2cid= 233589244 |doi-access= free ))</ref>
| colours          = ((Color box|((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))|border=darkgray)) [[Orange (colour)|Orange]]
| merger           = [[Estat Català]]<br/>[[Catalan Republican Party (1917)|Catalan Republican Party]]<br/>L'Opinió
| membership       = 9,047
| membership_year  = 2022
| youth_wing       = [[Republican Youth of Catalonia|Republican Youth]]
| national         = [[Coalition for the Europe of the Peoples]] (1987–1989)<br>[[For the Europe of the Peoples (1989)]] (1989–1994)<br>[[For the Europe of the Peoples (1994)]] (1994–1999)<br>[[Nationalist Coalition–Europe of the Peoples|CN-EP]] (1999–2004)<br>[[Europe of the Peoples (2004)|Europe of the Peoples]] (2004–2009)<br>[[Europe of the Peoples–Greens|EdP-V]] (2009–2014)<br>[[The Left for the Right to Decide|EPDD]] (2014–2019)<br>[[Ahora Repúblicas]] (since 2019)<br>[[Left for Independence]] (since 2023)
| european         = [[European Free Alliance]]
| europarl         = [[Greens–European Free Alliance]]
| seats1_title     = [[Congress of Deputies (Spain)|Congress of Deputies]] (Catalan seats)
| seats1           = ((Composition bar|7|47|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| seats2_title     = [[Spanish Senate]] (Catalan seats)
| seats2           = ((Composition bar|6|23|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| seats3_title     = [[European Parliament]]
| seats3           = ((Composition bar|2|59|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| seats4_title     = [[Parliament of Catalonia]]
| seats4           = ((Composition bar|33|135|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| seats5_title     = [[Parliament of the Balearic Islands]]
| seats5           = ((Composition bar|0|59|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| seats6_title     = [[Municipalities of Spain|Mayors in Catalonia]]<ref>[https://www.esquerra.cat/ca/esquerra-erc-359-alcaldies-lleida-tarragona-ajuntaments Esquerra aconsegueix 359 alcaldies amb Lleida i Tarragona al capdavant.] ERC.cat, 2019</ref>
| seats6           = ((Composition bar|359|947|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| seats7_title     = [[Municipalities of Spain|Town councillors in Catalonia]]
| seats7           = ((Composition bar|3109|9077|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| seats8_title     = [[Balearic Islands|Town councillors in the Balearic Islands]]
| seats8           = ((Composition bar|16|925|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
))

The '''Republican Left of Catalonia''' (((lang-ca|'''Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya''')), '''ERC'''; ((IPA-ca|əsˈkɛrə rəpubːliˈkanə ðə kətəˈluɲə|IPA)); generically branded as ((lang|ca|'''Esquerra Republicana''')))<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.esquerra.cat/arxius/textosbasics/estatuts.pdf|title=Estatuts d'Esquerra Republicana|access-date=2019-01-12|quote=El partit assumeix com a marca genèrica Esquerra Republicana|language=ca))</ref> is a [[Catalan independence movement|pro-Catalan independence]], [[social democracy|social-democratic]] [[List of political parties in Catalonia|political party]] in the Spanish [[autonomous community]] of [[Catalonia]], with a presence also in [[Valencian Community|Valencia]], the [[Balearic Islands]] and the French department of [[Pyrénées-Orientales]] ([[Northern Catalonia]]).<ref name="autogenerated1">Jaume Renyer Alimbau, ''ERC: temps de transició. Per una esquerra forta, renovadora i plural'' (Barcelona: Cossetània, 2008).</ref><ref>((Cite web |date=2014-07-14 |title=ERC pide independizar Cataluña con Valencia, Baleares y parte de Aragón |url=https://www.abc.es/local-aragon/20140714/abci-considera-irrenunciable-independencia-parte-201407140957.html |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=Diario ABC |language=es))</ref> It is also the main sponsor of the independence movement from [[France]] and [[Spain]] in the territories known as [[Catalan Countries]], focusing in recent years on the creation of a [[Catalan Republic]] in Catalonia proper. Its current president is [[Oriol Junqueras]] and its secretary-general is [[Marta Rovira]].<ref>((cite web |title=Qui som |url=https://www.esquerra.cat/ca/qui-som |website=esquerra.cat |access-date=12 January 2020))</ref> The party is a member of the [[European Free Alliance]].

ERC, a party of relevant Catalan politicians including [[Francesc Macià]], [[Lluís Companys]] and [[Josep Tarradellas]], played an important role in Catalan and Spanish politics during the [[Second Spanish Republic|Second Republic]], the [[Spanish Civil War|Civil War]], the anti-Francoist resistance and the [[Spanish transition to democracy|transition to democracy]]. Recovering a key position during the 2000s, it became a coalition partner in various Catalan governments, obtaining in 2021 the presidency of Catalonia for the first time since 1980 after the appointment of [[Pere Aragonès]] as [[President of the Generalitat de Catalunya|President of the Generalitat]]. In 2022, it had 9,047 members.<ref>((cite web | url=https://www.economiadigital.es/politica/temor-en-erc-sangria-de-militantes-desde-que-aragones-es-presidente.html | title=Temor en ERC: Sangría de militantes desde que Aragonès es presidente - Economía Digital | date=July 2022 ))</ref>

==History==
===Republic and first Catalan self-government (1931–1936)===
((multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = Macia 2a tongada scans 003 editora 8 44 1.jpg
| width1 = 148
| alt1 = 
| caption1 = 
| image2 = Lluís Companys i Jover.jpg
| width2 = 147
| alt2 = 
| caption2 = 
| footer = Left: [[Francesc Macià]]. Right: [[Lluís Companys]].
))

After the fall of [[Miguel Primo de Rivera|Primo de Rivera]] (1930), the Catalan left made great efforts to create a united front under the leadership of left-wing independentist leader Francesc Macià. The Republican Left of Catalonia was founded on the Conference of the Catalan Left held in [[Sants]], Barcelona, on 19 March 1931 as the union of the independentist [[Estat Català]] (''Catalan State''), led by [[Francesc Macià]], the [[Catalan Republican Party (1917)|Catalan Republican Party]], led by [[Lluís Companys]] and the ''L'Opinió'' Group of [[Joan Lluhí i Vallescà]]. The party had done extremely well in the municipal elections of 12 April 1931.<ref>((Cite book|url=https://issuu.com/municipals1934/docs/2-eleccions_municipals_de_1931|title=Les eleccions municipals de 1934 a Catalunya. Apèndix 1: Les eleccions municipals de 1931|last=Soler Becerro|first=Raimon|date=9 January 2014 ))</ref> Two days later, on 14 April, few hours before the proclamation of the Spanish Republic in [[Madrid]], Macià proclaimed in [[Barcelona]] the [[Catalan Republic (1931)|Catalan Republic]] within the Iberian Federation. This was not exactly what had been agreed in the [[Pact of San Sebastián]], so three days later they negotiated with the Madrid government that Macià would become [[president of the Generalitat of Catalonia]], an autonomous Catalan government within the recently founded [[Second Spanish Republic|Spanish Republic]].<ref>"The Battle for Spain" Beevor (2006) p.25</ref>

In September 1932, the Spanish Republican Cortes approved the [[Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1932|Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia]] which, among other provisions, granted a [[Catalan Parliament]] with full legislative powers, and [[1932 Catalan regional election|it was elected on 20 November 1932]]. The Republican Left of Catalonia, in coalition with the [[Socialist Union of Catalonia]] and other minor left-wing parties, won a large majority of seats (67 of 85), while the previously hegemonic [[Regionalist League]], representing a more conservative view of Catalan nationalism, came in second place but far behind ERC (17 from 85).<ref>[http://www.historiaelectoral.com/e1932.html 1932 Parliament of Catalonia election in ''Historia Electoral'']</ref> From this strong position, the ERC sought to improve the living conditions of the popular classes and the petite bourgeoisie, approving laws in areas such as in culture, health, education and civil law, and the [[Crop Contracts Law]], which protected tenant farmers and granted access to the land they were cultivating, but it was contested by the Regionalist League and provoking a legal dispute with the Spanish government. In October 1933, Joan Lluhí and other members of the l'Opinió Group, as well [[Josep Tarradellas]], left ERC because there were in disagree with Macià over the distribution of powers between the [[Executive Council of Catalonia|Executive Council]] and the President of the Generalitat, and founded the [[Nationalist Republican Left Party]] (PNRE).((sfn|Rosenberg|1933|p=212))

On 6 October 1934, Lluís Companys, who had been elected by the Parliament of Catalonia as the new President of the Generalitat after the death of Francesc Macià in December 1933, following the entry of right-wing ministers of the [[Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups|Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right]] (CEDA) into the Government of the Spanish Republic, unlawfully declared a [[Catalan State (1934)|Catalan State]] within a ''Spanish Federal Republic''. CEDA was considered close to fascism and, therefore, it was feared that this was the first step towards suppressings the autonomy and taking complete power in Spain. The proclamation was quickly suppressed by the Spanish army, and the Catalan government was arrested.<ref>((cite journal| last1=Finestres| first1=Jordi| last2=López| first2=Manel| title = Entre la revolució i l'estelada| journal=Sàpiens: Descobreix la Teva Història| year=2014| publisher=Sàpiens| location=Barcelona| language=ca| issn=1695-2014|pages=31–32))</ref> The party leaders (including Companys itself) and the Catalan government were sentenced by the Supreme Court of the Republic and jailed, while the Statute of Autonomy was suspended until February 1936.

In 1936, at the dawn of the [[Spanish Civil War]], ERC became part of the [[Popular Front (Spain)|Popular Front]] to contest [[Spanish general election, 1936|that year's election]]. Esquerra became the leading force of the Popular Front, (called ''Front d'Esquerres'', "Left Front" in Catalan) in Catalonia, which it won 41 from 54 Catalan seats, 21 of them belonging to ERC.<ref>((cite web |last1=Moreno Cullell |first1=Vicente |title=La victòria del Front Popular |url=http://blogs.sapiens.cat/socialsenxarxa/2011/03/25/la-victoria-del-front-popular/ |website=Sàpiens blog |publisher=Sàpiens |access-date=26 May 2021))</ref> The new left-wing Spanish government pardoned Companys and the members of the Catalan government, restoring the self-government. In June Estat Català split from ERC, while the PNRE rejoined it.

===Civil War, Francoism and clandestinity (1936–1976)===
During the Spanish Civil War ERC, as the leading force of the Generalitat, tried to maintain the unity of the Front in the face of growing tensions between the [[POUM|Workers' Party of Marxist Unification]] (POUM) and the pro-soviet [[Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia]] (PSUC), while struggled to recover the control of the situation, de facto controlled by the anarchist trade union CNT and their militias, and attempted to organize the war efforts in Catalonia. President Companys appointed Josep Tarradellas ''[[Prime Minister of Catalonia|Conseller Primer]]'' (Prime Minister) in order to form a coalition government with the other Republican forces, including anarchists and communists. However, the party unsuccessfully tried to avoid the full control of Catalonia by the Republican government, enacted after the [[May Days]] event.

The party was declared illegal (along with all other participants in the ''Popular Front'') by [[Francisco Franco]] after he came to power in 1939. The former president of the Catalan [[Generalitat de Catalunya|Generalitat]], [[Lluís Companys]], was arrested by [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German]] agents<ref>((cite book |last1=Anderson |first1=Peter |title=The Francoist Military Trials. Terror and Complicity, 1939-1945 |date=2010 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York and London |isbn=978-0-203-86744-0 |page=147))</ref> in collaboration with [[Vichy France]], returned to Spain and executed on 15 October 1940 in [[Montjuïc Castle]], Barcelona.<ref>Preston, Paul (2012). ''The Spanish Holocaust''. Harper Press, London p.493</ref>

Since 1939, despite the weak situation of the party, almost disbanded after the [[Catalonia Offensive|Francoist occupation of Catalonia]], ERC went underground and tried to organize [[anti-fascist]] resistance around Manuel Juliachs and Jaume Serra. In 1945, the ERC Congress, held in [[Toulouse]] since many ERC members lived in exile in France, appointed former Minister [[Josep Tarradellas]] as Secretary General, a position he left in 1954 when he was elected President of the Generalitat of Catalonia in exile, replacing [[Josep Irla]]. The office of General Secretary of ERC then passed to Joan Sauret. At the end of [[World War II]], in view of a possible overthrow of Francoist Dictatorship with the intervention of the Allied forces, the direction of ERC in exile sent to Catalonia [[Pere Puig Subinyà|Pere Puig]] and Joan Rodríguez-Papasseit. During those years ERC was present at the Council of Catalan Democracy and the Council of Democratic Forces. In 1952, [[Heribert Barrera]] returned to the interior and assumes the direction of the party ''de facto''. On 11 September 1964, the [[National Day of Catalonia]], ERC and other groups organized the first anti-Franco demonstration since the end of the war. ERC participated successively in any initiative that confronts the Dictatorship.

===Transition to democracy and the years of decline (1976–1987)===
[[File:IMG Esquerra Catalana 1977.jpg|thumb|Public act of Left of Catalonia–Democratic Electoral Front (1977)]]
After the death of General Franco (1975), ERC celebrated in July 1976 the 8th National Congress, in which Barrera was confirmed as leader. In the election to Constituent Cortes of 1977, ERC went into coalition, as it was not yet legalized because of its status as a Republican party. ERC had requested registration in the register of political parties on 14 March of that year, but the Ministry of Interior - a month after the elections - responded: "The name proposed by the entity, referring to a political system incompatible with the one that is legally valid in Spain, can represent an assumption of inadmissibility ".<ref>((cite journal |last1=Moldes |first1=Aleix |title=ERC, un partit il·legal al Congrés de Diputats |journal=Ara |date=19 April 2019 |page=7))</ref> The party tried a coalition with Left Front or with Democratic Convergence, although finally it allied with the [[Party of Labour of Spain]]. The name of the electoral coalition was [[Left of Catalonia–Democratic Electoral Front]] (''Esquerra de Catalunya-Front Electoral Democràtic''). The coalition won a seat (Barrera). Some of the electoral promises were the Statute of Autonomy or a referendum about the Monarchy.

In October 1977, President [[Josep Tarradellas]] (a founder of the party in 1931) returned to Catalonia and the Generalitat was restored. A new text of the Statute was drafted, which ERC opposed because it did not guarantee a minimum self-government. However, in the referendum for its approval, in 1979, ERC was in favour, as it was the only way to regain autonomy. In the [[Catalan parliamentary election, 1980|first election]] to the restored Parliament of Catalonia, in 1980, ERC obtained 14 seats -of a total of 135-, which brought Barrera to the Presidency of the Parliament of Catalonia. At the crossroads of forming a tripartite with the [[PSUC]] and the socialists or favouring [[Convergència i Unió]] (CiU), Barrera—refractory to alliances with parties from a Marxist tradition—determined ERC would vote [[Jordi Pujol]] (CiU) as president of the Generalitat without compensation and without joining the government, as a gesture of "national unity".<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20121220/54358147237/ciu-erc-se-reencuentran-32-anos-despues.html|website=[[La Vanguardia]]|title=CiU y ERC se reencuentran 32 años después|date=20 December 2012|first=Jaume|last=Pi))</ref> In 1984, however, ERC only obtained 5 deputies, and began a brief period of decline, overshadowed by the hegemony of the center-right Catalan nationalist coalition CiU. This trend persisted during the next years. In 1986, it lost its presence in the Spanish Cortes.

=== Recovering (1986–1996) ===
In 1987, the National Call manifesto was published, signed by personalities like [[Àngel Colom]] and [[Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira]], who wanted ERC to bring together the new generation of independentists that aroses as a result of the disenchantment with the Spanish Transition. The entrance of these young people dynamizes the party, and in the [[1988 Catalan regional election|Catalan election of 1988]] obtained 6 seats. In 1989 a new direction led by Àngel Colom assumed the independence of Catalonia as a political aim. As a result of this new orientation, in 1990, the [[National Front of Catalonia]], a historic organization founded in exile in 1940, joined ERC. In 1991, the organization [[Terra Lliure]] reconsidered its strategy, and abandoned the armed struggle, where some of its members joined ERC and many of those who formed [[Catalunya Lliure]] were incorporated too. These facts turned ERC, de facto, into the reference of the left-wing Catalan independentism.

The results obtained in the [[1992 Catalan regional election|1992 election to the Parliament of Catalonia]] placed ERC as the third political force of Catalonia, with the support of more than 210,000 voters and the obtaining of 11 seats, after a campaign in which, for the first time a party that appeared as a pro-independence party was widely popular. The 18th National Congress of ERC, held in June 1992, approved the reform of its statutes in the face of electoral growth, militancy and territorial presence. ERC advocates in its first statutory article the territorial unity and independence of the [[Catalan Countries]], building its own state within the European framework and together with an ideological position of the left that takes the defense of democracy and environment, human rights and rights of the peoples, and based its ideology and political action on social progress and solidarity.

In the [[1993 Spanish general election]], ERC recovered its presence in the Congress of Deputies. The same year, [[Jordi Carbonell]] and [[Avel·lí Artís i Gener]] "Tísner", [[Left Nationalists]] members, joined ERC.<ref>((cite book |last1=Lucas |first1=Manel |title=ERC: la llarga marxa, 1977-2004 : de la il·legalitat al govern |date=2004 |publisher=Columna |isbn=846640421X))</ref> The local elections of 28 May 1995 represented an important quantitative and qualitative leap of the institutional presence of the party. ERC recovered the presence in many local councils of Catalonia, reaching more than 550 elected councillors and 32 mayors, and thus becomes the third municipal political force. In the [[1995 Catalan regional election|1995 Catalan election]], ERC obtained the best result in number of votes since the Republic era, more than 305,000 voters and 13 seats.

In 1996, after a serious internal crisis, Àngel Colom, along with [[Pilar Rahola]] left the party and founded the [[Independence Party (Catalonia)|Independence Party]].<ref>Anuaris.cat, ''[http://www.anuaris.cat/continguts/article.php?id=62 La divisió i la suma d'esforços]''</ref> This party, however, had a short life. In the local elections of 1999, they obtained poor results and Pilar Rahola, who presented himself as head of the list in Barcelona, did not obtain a seat. After that, the party was dissolved.

=== New era with Carod Rovira and return to the Government  ===
[[File:060218 ERC.jpg|thumb|ERC leaders leading the demonstration of 18-02-2006 in Barcelona with the slogan ''Som una Nació'' ("We are a Nation")]]
In November 1996, the 21st National Congress of ERC was held. The militants chose a new direction for the party, with [[Josep Lluís Carod-Rovira]] as new president and Joan Puigcercós as new general secretary. The new direction announced some changes on the strategy: it does not renounce the independence of Catalonia, but it stops using that idea as the only reference. The new direction wanted to place the party as the new reference of the Catalan left.

On 16 November 2003, in the [[2003 Catalan regional election|election to the Parliament of Catalonia]], ERC obtained 23 seats, becoming the "key party" that would define the composition of the government, since to obtain the majority the other parties were obliged to agree with ERC. After several weeks in which it seemed that he would close an agreement with CiU (center-right and nationalist party), it finally opted for a "progressive pact" (called the Pact of the Tinell or popularly the "Tripartit") with the [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia]] and the ecosocialist coalition [[ICV-EUiA]].

ERC became part of the tripartite government of the Generalitat, chaired by the socialist [[Pasqual Maragall]], assuming six government departments, among which the "Conseller en Cap" ([[Prime Minister of Catalonia|Prime Minister]]), belonging to Carod-Rovira. The other five ministries assumed by ERC were Education ([[Josep Bargalló]]), Welfare and Family ([[Anna Simó]]), Commerce, Tourism and Consumption ([[Pere Esteve]]), Government and Public Administration ([[Joan Carretero]]) and Universities, Research and Information Society ([[Carles Solà]]). In addition, another ERC leader, [[Ernest Benach]], was elected President of the Parliament.

Despite having been one of the main forces behind the movement for amendment, the party eventually opposed the 2006 changes to the [[Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia|Catalan Statute of Autonomy]] to increase Catalonia's autonomy. It did so on the grounds that it did not do enough to increase Catalan self-government. This caused a government crisis with its partners (specially with the PSC) which led to an [[2006 Catalan Parliament election|early election in 2006]].((Citation needed|date=November 2016))

==Political principles and representation==
((Politics of Catalonia))
Its basic political principles are defined in the Statement of Ideology approved at the 19th National Congress in 1993. This is organised into the three areas that give the organisation its name: [[Left-wing politics|Esquerra]] (commitment to the Left's agenda in the political, economic and social debate), [[Republicanism|República]] (commitment to the Republican form of government vs. Spain's current [[constitutional monarchy]]) and [[Catalonia|Catalunya]] ([[Catalan independentism]], which, as understood by ERC, comprises the [[Catalan Countries]]).<ref>((cite web |title=Declaració ideològica. Esquerra Republicana |url=https://www.esquerra.cat/arxius/textosbasics/declaracio-ideologica.pdf |website=esquerra.cat))</ref>

The party is also federated with parties in the [[Balearic Islands]] and in [[Northern Catalonia]] in France, as well as with [[Republican Left of the Valencian Country]] in the [[Valencian Community]]. Except for their Balearic counterpart, none of the latter currently have any parliamentary representation in their respective territories, though they do have eight municipal councillors in the Balearic Islands<ref name=argos>[http://www.argos.gva.es/ahe/pls/argos_elec/DMEDB_ElecComunidades.informeElecDetallado?aNComuId=4&aNNumElec=1&aVTipoElec=L&aVFechaElec=2011&aVLengua=v. Dades electorals detallades de les Eleccions Locals 2011], arxiu històric electora, accessed 28 November 2012</ref> and six councillors in the Valencian Community.<ref name=argos /> [[Occitan Republican Left]], formed in 2008, acts as the [[Val d'Aran|Aranese]] section of the party.

The Republican Left of Catalonia is the oldest political party in Catalan politics that has supported the idea of a sovereign Catalan nation for the entirety of its existence. From the inception of ERC in 1931, they have always been in favor of
statehood for Catalonia.<ref>((Cite book|title=Catalonia is Not Spain: A Historical Perspective|last=Harris|first=Simon|publisher=S.I. 4 cats book|year=2014|pages=197–200))</ref>

After the [[2021 Catalan regional election|last Catalan parliamentary election in 2021]], the Republican Left of Catalonia has 33 seats in the [[Parliament of Catalonia]], making it the largest group by number of seats, tied with the PSC, and second in number of votes. It also has one seat in the [[Parliament of the Balearic Islands|Balearic Parliament]]. Until 2010, it was one of the three coalition members of the tripartite left-wing [[Generalitat de Catalunya|Catalan Government]], together with [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia]] (PSC) and [[Initiative for Catalonia Greens]] (ICV). The coalition was often uneasy due to tensions related to the new [[Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia]]. The snap election on 25 November 2012 saw ERC rise to a total of 21 seats in the Catalan Parliament. Out of Catalonia, it has thirteen seats (fifth largest group) in the [[Cortes Generales|Spanish Parliament]], eleven seats in the Senate (third largest group) and two seats in the [[European Parliament]].

== Presidents ==
[[File:Retrat oficial del Vicepresident Oriol Junqueras (cropped - 2).jpg|thumb|right|Oriol Junqueras, President of ERC]]
#[[Francesc Macià]] (1931–1933)
#[[Lluís Companys]] (1933–1935)
#[[Carles Pi i Sunyer]] (1933–1935)
#[[Lluís Companys]] (1936–1940)
#[[Heribert Barrera]] (1993–1995)
#[[Jaume Campabadal]] (1995–1996)
#[[Jordi Carbonell]] (1996–2004)
#[[Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira]] (2004–2008)
#[[Joan Puigcercós]] (2008–2011)
#[[Oriol Junqueras]] (2011–present)

== General Secretaries ==
[[File:Marta rovira verges.jpg|thumb|right|Marta Rovira, General Secretary of ERC]]
#[[Joan Lluís Pujol i Font]] (March 1931 – April 1931)
#[[Josep Tarradellas]] (April 1931 – March 1932)
#[[Joan Tauler]] (March 1932 – 1938)
#[[Josep Tarradellas]] (1938 – 1957)
#[[Joan Sauret]] (1957–1976)
#[[Heribert Barrera]] (1976–1987)
#[[Joan Hortalà]] (1987–1989)
#[[Àngel Colom Colom]] (1989–1996)
#[[Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira]] (1996–2004)
#[[Joan Puigcercós]] (2004–2008)
#[[Joan Ridao i Martín]] (2008–2011)
#[[Marta Rovira i Vergés]] (2011–present)

==Electoral performance==

===Parliament of Catalonia===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;"
|-
| colspan="8"| [[Parliament of Catalonia]]
|-
! width="75"| Election
! width="70"| Votes
! width="35"| %
! width="25"| #
! Seats
! width="40"| +/–
! Leading candidate
! Status in legislature
|-
! [[1932 Catalan regional election|1932]]
| 224,800
| 47.1
| '''1st'''
| ((Composition bar|56|85|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| —
| [[Francesc Macià]]
| style="background:#cfc;"| Government
|-
| colspan="8"| ''[[Francoist dictatorship]]''
|-
! [[1980 Catalan regional election|1980]]
| 240,871
| 8.90%
| 5th
| ((Composition bar|14|135|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| —
| [[Heribert Barrera]]
| style="background:#efb;"| Confidence and supply
|-
! rowspan="2"| [[1984 Catalan regional election|1984]]
| rowspan="2"| 126,943
| rowspan="2"| 4.41%
| rowspan="2"| 5th
| rowspan="2"| ((Composition bar|5|135|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]9
| rowspan="2"| [[Heribert Barrera]]
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition ((small|([[Convergence and Union|CiU]]–ERC)))
|-
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition ((small|(from Feb. 1987)))
|-
! [[1988 Catalan regional election|1988]]
| 111,647
| 4.14%
| 5th
| ((Composition bar|6|135|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
| Joan Hortalà
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[1992 Catalan regional election|1992]]
| 210,366
| 7.96%
| 3rd
| ((Composition bar|11|135|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]5
| Àngel Colom
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[1995 Catalan regional election|1995]]
| 305,867
| 9.49%
| 5th
| ((Composition bar|13|135|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]2
| Àngel Colom
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[1999 Catalan regional election|1999]]
| 271,173
| 8.67%
| 4th
| ((Composition bar|12|135|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]1
| [[Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! rowspan="2"| [[2003 Catalan regional election|2003]]
| rowspan="2"| 544,324
| rowspan="2"| 16.44%
| rowspan="2"| 3rd
| rowspan="2"| ((Composition bar|23|135|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]11
| rowspan="2"| [[Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira]]
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition ((small|([[Socialists' Party of Catalonia|PSC]]–ERC–[[ICV–EUiA]])))
|-
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition ((small|(from May 2006)))
|-
! [[2006 Catalan regional election|2006]]
| 416,355
| 14.03%
| 3rd
| ((Composition bar|21|135|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]2
| [[Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira]]
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition ((small|([[Socialists' Party of Catalonia|PSC]]–ERC–[[ICV–EUiA]])))
|-
! [[2010 Catalan regional election|2010]]
| 219,173
| 7.00%
| 5th
| ((Composition bar|10|135|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]11
| [[Joan Puigcercós]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[2012 Catalan regional election|2012]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes|ERC–CatSí]]
| ((Composition bar|19|135|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]9
| [[Oriol Junqueras]]
| style="background:#efb;"| Confidence and supply
|-
! [[2015 Catalan regional election|2015]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Junts pel Sí|JxSí]]
| ((Composition bar|24|135|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]5
| [[Oriol Junqueras]]
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition ((small|([[Democratic Convergence of Catalonia|CDC]]/[[Catalan European Democratic Party|PDeCAT]]–ERC)))
|-
! rowspan="2"| [[2017 Catalan regional election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes|ERC–CatSí]]
| rowspan="2"| ((Composition bar|30|135|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]6
| rowspan="2"| [[Oriol Junqueras]]((efn|At the time of the election, Junqueras was in [[preventive detention]] in [[Estremera]] ([[Community of Madrid|Madrid]]).))
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition ((small|([[Together for Catalonia (2017)|JxCat]]–ERC)))
|-
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition ((small|([[Together for Catalonia (2020)|Junts]]–ERC))) ((small|(from Sep. 2020)))
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[2021 Catalan regional election|2021]]
| rowspan="2" | 605,529
| rowspan="2" | 21.29%
| rowspan="2" | 2nd
| rowspan="2" | ((Composition bar|33|135|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]3
| rowspan="2" | [[Pere Aragonès]]
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition ((small|(ERC–[[Together for Catalonia (2020)|Junts]]))) ((small|(2021-Oct. 2022)))
|-
| style="background:#cfc;"| Government ((small|(from Oct. 2022)))
|}

===Parliament of the Balearic Islands===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;"
|-
| colspan="8"| [[Parliament of the Balearic Islands]]
|-
! width="75"| Election
! width="70"| Votes
! width="35"| %
! width="25"| #
! Seats
! width="40"| +/–
! Leading candidate
! Status in legislature
|-
! [[1995 Balearic regional election|1995]]
| 2,082
| 0.55%
| 7th
| ((Composition bar|0|59|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| —
| 
| style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
|-
! [[1999 Balearic regional election|1999]]
| 1,106
| 0.30%
| 8th
| ((Composition bar|0|59|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| 
| style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
|-
! [[2003 Balearic regional election|2003]]
| 1,667
| 0.39%
| 9th
| ((Composition bar|0|59|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| Catalina Gelabert
| style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
|-
! rowspan="2"| [[2007 Balearic regional election|2007]]
| rowspan="2" colspan="3"| Within [[Bloc for Majorca|Bloc]]
| rowspan="2"| ((Composition bar|1|59|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
| rowspan="2"| Biel Barceló
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition ((small|(PSIB–[[Bloc for Mallorca|Bloc]]–[[Majorcan Union|UM]])))
|-
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition ((small|(PSIB–[[Bloc for Mallorca|Bloc]]; from Feb. 2010)))
|-
! [[2011 Balearic regional election|2011]]
| 5,325
| 1.27%
| 8th
| ((Composition bar|0|59|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]1
| Joan Lladó
| style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
|-
! [[2015 Balearic regional election|2015]]
| 766
| 0.18%
| 17th
| ((Composition bar|0|59|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| Josep Antoni Prats
| style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
|}

===Cortes Generales===
====Nationwide====
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;"
|-
| colspan="10"| [[Cortes Generales]]
|-
! rowspan="2" width="75"| Election
! colspan="5"| Congress
! colspan="2"| Senate
! rowspan="2"| Leading candidate
! rowspan="2"| Status in legislature
|-
! width="70"| Votes
! width="35"| %
! width="25"| #
! Seats
! width="35"| +/–
! Seats
! width="35"| +/–
|-
! [[1977 Spanish general election|1977]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Left of Catalonia–Democratic Electoral Front|EC–FED]]
| ((Composition bar|1|350|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| —
| ((Composition bar|1|208|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| —
| [[Heribert Barrera]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[1979 Spanish general election|1979]]
| 123,452
| 0.69%
| 13th
| ((Composition bar|1|350|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|2|208|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
| [[Heribert Barrera]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[1982 Spanish general election|1982]]
| 138,118
| 0.66%
| 9th
| ((Composition bar|1|350|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|2|208|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| Francesc Vicens
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[1986 Spanish general election|1986]]
| 84,628
| 0.42%
| 12th
| ((Composition bar|0|350|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]1
| ((Composition bar|0|208|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]2
| Francesc Vicens
| style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
|-
! [[1989 Spanish general election|1989]]
| 84,756
| 0.41%
| 16th
| ((Composition bar|0|350|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|0|208|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| Joan Hortalà
| style="background:#ddd;"| No seats
|-
! [[1993 Spanish general election|1993]]
| 189,632
| 0.80%
| 9th
| ((Composition bar|1|350|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
| ((Composition bar|0|208|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| [[Pilar Rahola]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[1996 Spanish general election|1996]]
| 167,641
| 0.67%
| 9th
| ((Composition bar|1|350|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|0|208|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| [[Pilar Rahola]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[2000 Spanish general election|2000]]
| 194,715
| 0.84%
| 9th
| ((Composition bar|1|350|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|1|208|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
| [[Joan Puigcercós]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[2004 Spanish general election|2004]]
| 652,196
| 2.52%
| 5th
| ((Composition bar|8|350|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]7
| ((Composition bar|3|208|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]2
| [[Josep Lluís Carod-Rovira]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[2008 Spanish general election|2008]]
| 298,139
| 1.16%
| 7th
| ((Composition bar|3|350|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]5
| ((Composition bar|3|208|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| Joan Ridao
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[2011 Spanish general election|2011]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes|ERC–CatSí]]
| ((Composition bar|3|350|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|0|208|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]3
| [[Alfred Bosch]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[2015 Spanish general election|2015]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes|ERC–CatSí]]
| ((Composition bar|9|350|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]6
| ((Composition bar|6|208|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]6
| [[Gabriel Rufián]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[2016 Spanish general election|2016]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes|ERC–CatSí]]
| ((Composition bar|9|350|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|10|208|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]4
| [[Gabriel Rufián]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[April 2019 Spanish general election|2019 (Apr)]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists|ERC–Sobiranistes]]
| ((Composition bar|14|350|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]5
| ((Composition bar|11|208|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
| [[Oriol Junqueras]]((efn|At the time of the election, Junqueras was in [[preventive detention]] in [[Soto del Real]] ([[Community of Madrid|Madrid]]).))
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
! [[November 2019 Spanish general election|2019 (Nov)]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists|ERC–Sobiranistes]]
| ((Composition bar|12|350|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]2
| ((Composition bar|11|208|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| [[Gabriel Rufián]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
|-
![[2023 Spanish general election|2023]]
| 462,883
| 1.89%
| 5th
|((Composition bar|7|350|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
|[[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]6
|((Composition bar|3|208|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
|[[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]8
|[[Gabriel Rufián]]
|style="background:#ffff8c;"| Confidence and supply
|}

===Regional breakdown===
{|
| style="vertical-align:top"|

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="3" width="75"| Election
! colspan="7"| Catalonia
|-
! colspan="5"| Congress
! colspan="2"| Senate
|-
! width="70"| Votes
! width="35"| %
! width="25"| #
! Seats
! width="35"| +/–
! Seats
! width="35"| +/–
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 1977 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|1977]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Left of Catalonia–Democratic Electoral Front|EC–FED]]
| ((Composition bar|1|47|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| —
| ((Composition bar|1|16|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| —
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 1979 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|1979]]
| 123,452
| 4.18%
| 5th
| ((Composition bar|1|47|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|2|16|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 1982 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|1982]]
| 138,118
| 4.02%
| 5th
| ((Composition bar|1|47|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|2|16|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 1986 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|1986]]
| 84,628
| 2.67%
| 6th
| ((Composition bar|0|47|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]1
| ((Composition bar|0|16|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]2
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 1989 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|1989]]
| 84,756
| 2.68%
| 6th
| ((Composition bar|0|46|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|0|16|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 1993 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|1993]]
| 186,784
| 5.10%
| 5th
| ((Composition bar|1|47|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
| ((Composition bar|0|16|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 1996 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|1996]]
| 162,545
| 4.18%
| 5th
| ((Composition bar|1|46|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|0|16|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2000 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|2000]]
| 190,292
| 5.64%
| 4th
| ((Composition bar|1|46|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|1|16|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2004 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|2004]]
| 638,902
| 15.89%
| 3rd
| ((Composition bar|8|47|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]7
| ((Composition bar|3|16|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]2
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2008 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|2008]]
| 291,532
| 7.83%
| 4th
| ((Composition bar|3|47|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]5
| ((Composition bar|3|16|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2011 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|2011]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes|ERC–CatSí]]
| ((Composition bar|3|47|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|0|16|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]3
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2015 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|2015]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes|ERC–CatSí]]
| ((Composition bar|9|47|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]6
| ((Composition bar|6|16|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]6
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2016 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|2016]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes|ERC–CatSí]]
| ((Composition bar|9|47|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|10|16|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]4
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the April 2019 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|2019 (Apr)]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists|ERC–Sobiranistes]]
| ((Composition bar|14|48|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]5
| ((Composition bar|11|16|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the November 2019 Spanish general election (Congress)#Catalonia|2019 (Nov)]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists|ERC–Sobiranistes]]
| ((Composition bar|12|48|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]2
| ((Composition bar|11|16|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
![[2023 Spanish general election|2023]]
| colspan="3" |Within [[Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists|ERC–Sobiranistes]]
|((Composition bar|7|48|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
|[[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]6
|((Composition bar|3|16|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
|[[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px]]8
|}

| colwidth="1em"| &nbsp;
| style="vertical-align:top"|

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="3" width="75"| Election
! colspan="7"| Balearic Islands
|-
! colspan="5"| Congress
! colspan="2"| Senate
|-
! width="70"| Votes
! width="35"| %
! width="25"| #
! Seats
! width="35"| +/–
! Seats
! width="35"| +/–
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 1993 Spanish general election (Congress)#Balearics|1993]]
| 2,848
| 0.69%
| 8th
| ((Composition bar|0|7|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|0|5|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 1996 Spanish general election (Congress)#Balearics|1996]]
| 1,802
| 0.42%
| 7th
| ((Composition bar|0|7|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|0|5|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2000 Spanish general election (Congress)#Balearic Islands|2000]]
| 1,340
| 0.34%
| 7th
| ((Composition bar|0|7|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|0|5|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2004 Spanish general election (Congress)#Balearic Islands|2004]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Progressives for the Balearic Islands|Progressistes]]
| ((Composition bar|0|8|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|0|5|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2008 Spanish general election (Congress)#Balearic Islands|2008]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Unity for the Isles|UIB]]
| ((Composition bar|0|8|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|0|5|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2011 Spanish general election (Congress)#Balearic Islands|2011]]
| 4,681
| 1.07%
| 6th
| ((Composition bar|0|8|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|0|5|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the 2016 Spanish general election (Congress)#Balearic Islands|2016]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Sovereignty for the Isles|SI]]
| ((Composition bar|0|8|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|0|5|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the April 2019 Spanish general election (Congress)#Balearic Islands|2019 (Apr)]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Veus Progressistes|VP]]
| ((Composition bar|0|8|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|0|5|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|-
! [[Results breakdown of the November 2019 Spanish general election (Congress)#Balearic Islands|2019 (Nov)]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Més Esquerra]]
| ((Composition bar|0|8|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| ((Composition bar|0|5|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
|}
|}

===European Parliament===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;"
|-
| colspan="12"| [[European Parliament]]
|-
! rowspan="2" width="75"| Election
! colspan="5"| Total
! colspan="3"| Catalonia
! colspan="3"| Balearic Islands
|-
! width="70"| Votes
! width="35"| %
! width="25"| #
! Seats
! width="35"| +/–
! width="70"| Votes
! width="35"| %
! width="25"| #
! width="70"| Votes
! width="35"| %
! width="25"| #
|-
! [[1987 European Parliament election in Spain|1987]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Coalition for the Europe of the Peoples|CEP]]
| ((Composition bar|0|60|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| —
| 112,107
| 3.70%
| 6th
| 533
| 0.16%
| 16th
|-
! [[1989 European Parliament election in Spain|1989]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[For the Europe of the Peoples (1989)|PEP]]
| ((Composition bar|0|60|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| 78,408
| 3.29%
| 6th
| colspan="3" ((N/A))
|-
! [[1994 European Parliament election in Spain|1994]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[For the Europe of the Peoples (1994)|PEP]]
| ((Composition bar|0|64|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| 141,285
| 5.52%
| 5th
| 2,350
| 0.81%
| 8th
|-
! [[1999 European Parliament election in Spain|1999]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Nationalist Coalition–Europe of the Peoples|CN–EP]]
| ((Composition bar|0|64|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| 174,374
| 6.06%
| 4th
| colspan="3" ((N/A))
|-
! [[2004 European Parliament election in Spain|2004]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Europe of the Peoples (2004)|EdP]]
| ((Composition bar|1|54|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
| 249,757
| 11.80%
| 4th
| 7,498
| 2.87%
| 5th
|-
! [[2009 European Parliament election in Spain|2009]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Europe of the Peoples–Greens|EdP–V]]
| ((Composition bar|1|54|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| 181,213
| 9.20%
| 4th
| 7,651
| 2.97%
| 4th
|-
! [[2014 European Parliament election in Spain|2014]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[The Left for the Right to Decide|EPDD]]
| ((Composition bar|1|54|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg|10px]]0
| 595,493
| 23.69%
| '''1st'''
| 19,602
| 7.26%
| 5th
|-
! [[2019 European Parliament election in Spain|2019]]
| colspan="3"| Within [[Ahora Repúblicas|AR]]
| ((Composition bar|2|59|hex=((party color|Republican Left of Catalonia))))
| [[File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg|10px]]1
| 727,039
| 21.21%
| 3rd
| 20,464
| 4.90%
| 6th
|}

==See also==
*[[List of political parties in Catalonia]]
*[[Republican Youth of Catalonia]]
*[[Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia]]

==Notes==
((notelist))

==References==
((Reflist))

==Sources==
* ((cite journal|title=Political News from Spain
 |last=Rosenberg|first=S. L. Millard |journal=Hispania|volume=16|issue=2|date=May 1933
 |pages=207–218|publisher=American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese|jstor=332731))
* ((cite book |last1=Culla |first1=Joan B. |title=Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya 1931-2012 |date=2012 |publisher=La Campana |isbn=978-84-96735-82-8 |edition=1st))
* ((Cite book|url=https://boe.es/biblioteca_juridica/abrir_pdf.php?id=PUB-PB-2018-91|title=Nación y nacionalismos en la España de las autonomías|first=Jordi|last=Canal|chapter=Entre el autonomismo y la independencia: nacionalismo, nación y procesos de nacionalización en Cataluña (1980-2015)|editor-first=Isidro|editor-last=Sepúlveda Muñoz|publisher=[[Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado]]|location=Madrid|year=2018|isbn= 978-84-340-2494-6|pages=77–108))

== External links ==
((Commons category|Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya))
*((official)) ((in lang|ca))
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061011154930/http://www.esquerra.cat/web_nova/arxius/DIangles.pdf Ideological declaration] ((in lang|en)) 
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080227060130/http://www.esquerra.cat/web_nova/arxius/Hangles.pdf ERC's brief history] ((in lang|en)) 
*[http://www.jerc.cat/ Joventuts de l'Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya] Youth section's site ((in lang|ca))
((Catalan nationalism))
((Catalan political parties))
((Spanish political parties))
((French political parties))
((Members of the European Free Alliance))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Republican Left of Catalonia| ]]
[[Category:Political parties in the Balearic Islands]]
[[Category:Political parties in Northern Catalonia]]
[[Category:Catalan independence movement]]
[[Category:Pro-independence parties]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1931]]
[[Category:Secessionist organizations in Europe]]
[[Category:European Free Alliance]]
[[Category:Socialist parties in Catalonia]]
[[Category:Social democratic parties in Spain]]
[[Category:1931 establishments in Spain]]

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Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:Official website (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Political party (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Political party/R (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Module:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/e (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:String2 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:URL (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:WikidataIB (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/nolinks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/titleformats (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Left_of_Catalonia"