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((short description|1992 United States measure))
((More citations needed|date=December 2020))
The '''Residential Lead-Based Hazard Reduction Act of 1992''', was a 1992 law passed by the US Congress that regulates the selling of houses with [[lead paint]] in the United States and educates consumers about the dangers of lead paint.<ref name=":0">((Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The Lead Disclosure Rule|url=https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/healthy_homes/enforcement/disclosure|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-11-11|website=hud.gov|publisher=US Department of Housing and Urban Development))</ref> 

The Act was enacted as Title X of the [[Housing and Community Development Act of 1992|Housing and Community Development Act]]

== Background ==
In the past, [[lead]] was added to household paint to increase its drying speed and improve the durability and life of the finish. However, Lead is toxic and is a possible carcinogen. 

In 1978, the U.S. [[U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission|Consumer Product Safety Commission]] banned the residential use of [[Lead Based Paint|lead-based paint]] containing ≥0.06% lead (600 ppm).<ref>((Cite web|last=U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development|date=|title=LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF LEAD-BASED PAINT|url=https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/20258_LEGISLATIVEHISTORY.PDF|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-26|website=HUD.gov))</ref><ref>((Cite web|date=2016-07-04|title=CPSC Announces Final Ban On Lead-Containing Paint|url=http://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/1977/CPSC-Announces-Final-Ban-On-Lead-Containing-Paint/|access-date=2020-12-26|website=U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission|language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite web|title=16 CFR § 1303.1 - Scope and application.|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/16/1303.1|access-date=2020-12-26|website=LII / Legal Information Institute|language=en))</ref>

In 2017, the U.S. [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|Department of Housing and Urban Development]] estimated that approximately 35 percent of U.S. homes (37 million) still contain some lead-based paint, a decline from 1990 estimate of 64 million homes with lead paint.<ref>((Cite news|last=United States Government Accountability Office|first=|date=June 2018|title=LEAD PAINT IN HOUSING: HUD Should Strengthen Grant Processes, Compliance Monitoring, and Performance Assessment|work=Gao Highlights|url=https://www.gao.gov/assets/700/692603.pdf|access-date=December 26, 2020))</ref><ref>((Cite journal |last1=Jacobs|first1=David E |last2=Clickner |first2=Robert P |last3=Zhou |first3=Joey Y |last4=Viet |first4=Susan M |last5=Marker |first5=David A|last6=Rogers |first6=John W|last7=Zeldin |first7=Darryl C|last8=Broene |first8=Pamela |last9=Friedman |first9=Warren |date=October 2002 |title=The prevalence of lead-based paint hazards in U.S. housing.|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=110 |issue=10 |pages=A599–A606 |doi=10.1289/ehp.021100599 |issn=0091-6765 |pmc=1241046|pmid=12361941))</ref>

== Policy ==
As per Section 1018 of the Act, sellers must comply with the following requirements before selling or leasing a house built before 1978, or a house that is known to contain lead:

* The buyer must receive a pamphlet that details information regarding lead paint and its potential hazards.
* If there is lead paint in the house, or if there is an apparent danger of [[lead poisoning]] from lead paint in the house, then that information must be disclosed to the buyer. If so, the seller is then required to provide to the buyer any previous documentation or reports on the condition of lead paint in the house.
* The buyer must be allowed ten days to request an evaluation of any lead paint in the house. This time limit may be altered upon agreement by both the buyer and seller.
* Every [[contract]] selling a house must include a Lead Warning Statement. The buyer is required to read the statement, and their signature on the contract is equivalent to an acknowledgment that they have read it, as well as an acknowledgment that (1) and (3) have been fulfilled.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">((Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act of 1992|url=https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/DOC_12360.PDF|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-11-11|website=hud.gov|publisher=US Department of Housing and Urban Development|pages=1–2, 15–16))</ref><ref>((Cite web|last=US EPA|first=OCSPP|date=2013-02-12|title=Lead-Based Paint Disclosure Rule (Section 1018 of Title X)|url=https://www.epa.gov/lead/lead-based-paint-disclosure-rule-section-1018-title-x|access-date=2021-01-05|website=US EPA|language=en))</ref>

Sellers who do not comply with the above criterion are subject to legal action, as well as [[Fine (penalty)|fines]] for the breaking of rules and any damages experienced by buyers.<ref name=":2" />

== Impact ==
The effects of the Residential Lead-Based Hazard Reduction Act<ref>((Cite web | url=https://www.epa.gov/lead/residential-lead-based-paint-hazard-reduction-act-1992-title-x | title=Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act of 1992--Title X | date=12 February 2013 ))</ref> are studied through observations of people's behavior when choosing a home. A [[Observational study|study]] that analyzed the effectiveness of Section 1018 concluded the following:

*For every economic group, there were no major changes to the number of families in old versus new houses.
* When presented with information about lead paint, people were more likely to consider the risks of living in an old house. People were more likely to exhibit this [[behavior]] when the information was presented during transactions.
* People were more likely to have a house tested for lead before buying.
* Houses saw a decrease in incidents in which paint was found peeling or coming off the walls.
* Older homes were less likely to be owned by families with young children.<ref name=":1">((Cite journal|last=Bae|first=Hyunhoe|date=2012|title=Reducing Environmental Risks by Information Disclosure: Evidence in Residential Lead Paint Disclosure Rule: Reducing Environmental Risks by Information Disclosure|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/pam.21600|journal=Journal of Policy Analysis and Management|language=en|volume=31|issue=2|pages=404–431|doi=10.1002/pam.21600|via=|doi-access=free))</ref>

== External links ==
[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10940967/ lead as possible carcinogen.] 

== References ==
((Reflist))

((George H. W. Bush))

[[Category: Environmental impact of paint]]

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