Retirement age differs in European countries and is a matter of debate across Europe, because of an aging population.
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Main article: Retirement age |
| Country | Men | Women | Year | Notes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | 65 | 61 | 2020 | [1] | |
| Austria | 65 | 60 | 2018 | In Austria the retirement age for women is to be equalized to the retirement age for men (65) by 2033.[2] | [1][3] |
| Belarus | 62.5 | 57.5 | 2021 | By 2022, the age will be 63 for men and 58 for women.[4] | [5] |
| Belgium | 65 | 65 | 2018 | In Belgium the retirement age is to be increased gradually to 67 years by 2030.[2] | [5] |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 65 | 65 | 2024 | [1] | |
| Bulgaria | 64 (and 7 months) | 62 (and 2 months) | 2024 | In Bulgaria the retirement age for women is to be equalized to the retirement age for men (65) by 2037. | [2] |
| Croatia | 65 | 63 (and 6 months) | 2024 | By 2038 there will be an equal age for women and men set at 67. (Women's age will reach 65 in 2030 and 67 in 2038).[2] | [2] |
| Cyprus | 65 | 65 | 2018 | [1][3] | |
| Czech Republic | 63 (and 4 months) | 58 (and 8 months) – 62 (and 8 months) | 2018 | In the Czech Republic, in the year 2015, men had the retirement age of 62 years and 10 months and women had it between 58 and 62, depending on number of children.[6][7] In Czech Republic, the retirement age is in the process of being increased, and therefore depends on year of birth (for individuals born after 1977 it may exceed even 67. e.g. a person born in year 1995 must be at least 70 years old.[8]) For women the retirement age depends on the number of raised children as well.[9] For people born in 1975, the retirement age will be the same (66y8m) regardless of sex and number of children raised; and this age will reach 67 for people born in 1977. | [7] |
| Denmark | 67 | 67 | 2022 | In Denmark, the retirement age will be increased gradually to reach 67 years by 2022. From 2030 onwards, it will be increased a maximum of one year every five years depending on increases in average lifespan.[10][11] See also: Pensions in Denmark. | [3][5] |
| Estonia | 63 (and 9 months) | 63 (and 9 months) | 2019 | In Estonia the retirement age is to be increased gradually to 65 years by 2026.[12] After 2026 it will be linked to the average life expectancy. | [3][5] |
| Finland | 65 | 65 | 2008 | [3] | |
| France | 62 to 67 | 62 to 67 | 2022 | Depends on the duration of contribution (minimum 43 years) | |
| Germany | 65 (and 7 months) | 65 (and 7 months) | 2015 | In Germany the retirement age is to be increased gradually and reach 67 years by 2029. See also: Pensions in Germany. | [3][5] |
| Greece | 67 | 67 | 2015 | [2] | |
| Hungary | 65 | 65 | 2022 | Women with 40 years of insurance can retire at any age.[2] | [2] |
| Iceland | 67 | 67 | 2018 | [5] | |
| Ireland | 65 | 65 | 2024 | In Ireland the retirement age is currently 65[13] and will be increased gradually and reach 68 years by 2028.[2] | [1][3][5] |
| Italy | 67 | 67 | 2019 | Must have paid contributions for at least 20 years.
Those who have paid contributions for at least 38 years can retire at 64.[14] Those who have paid contributions for at least 41 years and 10 months (women) or 42 years and 10 months (men) can retire regardless of age. |
[15] |
| Latvia | 64 (and 6 months) | 64 (and 6 months) | 2023 | The age will be 65 by 2025.[2] | [2] |
| Liechtenstein | 65 | 65 | 2018 | [5] | |
| Lithuania | 64 (and 6 months) | 64 | 2023 | In Lithuania, the retirement age will be 65 for both men and women by 2026.[2] | [2][16] |
| Luxembourg | 65 | 65 | 2018 | [1] | |
| Malta | 62 | 62 | 2015 | In Malta the retirement age is to be increased gradually to 65 years by 2027.[2] | [2] |
| Moldova | 63 | 59 | 2020 | Retirement age for women is increasing every 6 months until it reaches 63 years in 2028. | [1] |
| Montenegro | 66 | 64 | 2022 | [1] | |
| Netherlands | 66 (and 4 months) | 66 (and 4 months) | 2019 | In the Netherlands the retirement age is 68 years old. The state pension for all elderly is to be increased gradually to reach 67 years and 9 months by 2022.[17] After 2022 it will be linked to the average life expectancy. | [1][3][18] |
| North Macedonia | 64 | 62 | 2011 | [1] | |
| Norway | 67 | 67 | 2018 | See also: Pensions in Norway
The general retirement age is currently set to age 67, however, given sufficient pension contributions it is possible to retire as early as at age 62. The longer an individual postpones withdrawing a pension, the greater the government pension provision becomes. | |
| Poland | 65 | 60 | 2016 | ||
| Portugal | 66 (and 4 months) | 66 (and 4 months) | 2018 | [19] | |
| Romania | 65 | 61 | 2019 | The age for women is being increased gradually. It will reach 63 by 2030.[20] | [21] |
| Serbia | 65 | 63 (and 8 months) | 2024 | By the year of 2032 retirement age for women will equalize with men and reach 65.
Also it is possible to gain pension after 45 years of labour if that happens prior to 66th year of life for men or aged 61 years and 6 months for women. It would be at least 60 for both men and women, considering the fact that person is legally labour-eligible aged 15 in Serbia.[22] |
[1] |
| Slovakia | 64 | 64 | 2021 | [23] | |
| Slovenia | 65 | 65 | 2018 | [2] | |
| Spain | 65 (and 3 months) | 65 (and 3 months) | 2015 | The age will be 67 by 2027.[2] See also: Pensions in Spain. | [1][3] |
| Sweden | 65 | 65 | 2020, options age 62–68. | By 2023 the retirement age will be 66 and by 2026 it will be 67, with options age 64-69. | |
| Switzerland | 65 | 64 | 2022 | [24][25][26] | |
| Ukraine | 60 | 60 | 2022 | ||
| United Kingdom | 66 | 66 | 2021 | The retirement age is due to be increased to 67 by 2028 and 68 by 2046. See also: Pensions in the United Kingdom. | [27] |