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((more citations needed|date=August 2013))
((Use dmy dates|date=January 2020))
[[Image:1896 Review of Reviews NY v13 no77.png|thumb|right|''Review of Reviews'' (New York), 1896]]
The '''''Review of Reviews''''' was a noted family of monthly journals founded in 1890–1893 by British reform journalist [[William Thomas Stead]] (1849–1912). Established across three continents in London (1891), New York (1892) and Melbourne (1893), the '''''Review of Reviews''''', '''''American Review of Reviews''''' and '''''Australasian Review of Reviews''''' represented Stead's dream of a global publishing empire.

==Founder, W.T. Stead==
Stead was a career journalist who was drawn into reform politics in the 1880s, crusading through for such causes as [[Russia–United Kingdom relations#United Kingdom—Russian Empire relations|British-Russian friendship]], the reform of England's criminal codes, and the maintenance of international peace. He was most famous in Britain for having passed, almost single-handedly, the first child-protection law by investigating and reporting child vice and white slavery in a series of articles titled the "[[Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon]]", published in the ''[[Pall Mall Gazette]]'' in July 1885.

As a result, the [[Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885]] raised the [[Age of consent|consent age]] for girls from thirteen to sixteen, similar to "statutory rape" laws in the United States. As editor of the London ''Pall Mall Gazette'' (1883–1889), Stead caused newspapers to appear the way they are today. He introduced cross-heads (section titles) and signed articles, popularized interviews, and started illustrations and indexing. An advanced [[feminist]], he was the first London editor to pay women equally with men.

He authored many books, including ''The Truth about Russia'' (1888), ''If Christ Came to Chicago'' (1893), and ''The Americanization of the World'' (1902). His essay "How the Mail Steamer Went Down in Mid Atlantic" (1886) is considered his first prediction of the sinking of the [[RMS Titanic]]; his novel ''From the Old World to the New'' (1892) was the second prediction. Stead himself died in the sinking of the ''Titanic'' in 1912.

==The ''Review of Reviews''==
((Infobox magazine
| title           = Review of Reviews
| logo            = 
| logo_size       = <!-- default is 180px -->
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| frequency       = Monthly
| format          = 
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| founder         = [[W. T. Stead]] and [[Sir George Newnes]]
| founded         = 
| firstdate       = ((Start date and age|df=yes|1890|01)) 
| finaldate       = ((End date|df=yes|1936)) 
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))
The ''Review of Reviews'' was started in January 1890 by W.T. Stead and [[Tit-Bits]] proprietor [[Sir George Newnes]]. It was originally to be called the ''Six Penny Monthly and Review of Reviews'', but this was changed at the last minute. According to Stead, it was "the maddest thing" he had yet done, on account that the venture had been decided on only a month before.

The ''Review'' mirrored Stead's own over-active imagination and was written almost exclusively by him.((Citation needed|date=September 2020|reason=This would explain a lot, but how do you know)) Along with the dozens of magazine and book reviews it contained, it also included a running commentary of world events, entitled "The Progress of the World", and a character sketch of a current "celebrity". The first issue was an instant success, and opened with numerous facsimiled welcome messages which Stead had courted from various dignitaries of the time. However, Stead's relationship with Newnes came under strain when the latter strongly objected to Stead's scathing character sketch of ''[[The Times]]'' newspaper (eventually published in March).

Perhaps seeing this discord as a sign of things to come, Newnes severed ties, exclaiming that the whole venture was "turning his hair grey". After buying out Newnes's share, Stead shaped the ''Review'' after his own image. With article titles such as "Baby-killing as an Investment" and "Ought Mrs. Maybrick to be Tortured to Death?", Stead showed he had lost none of the sledge hammer force of his journalistic days. He also involved the ''Review'' in social work, setting up the "Association of Helpers" and even an adoption agency called "The Baby Exchange".

Stead was an early supporter and speaker of the language [[Esperanto]] and devoted one page to its promulgation in every issue.

In 1891–92, Stead founded the equally successful American and Australian editions of the ''Review'', and, in London, he added to his success with other literary triumphs, such as book series ''The Penny Poets'',<ref>[https://www.publishinghistory.com/penny-poets-masterpiece-library-stead.html The Penny Poets (The Masterpiece Library: Series I) ("Review of Reviews" Office; Stead's Publishing House) – Book Series List], publishinghistory.com. Retrieved 6 October 2019.</ref> ''Popular Penny Novels'' and ''Books for the Bairns'',<ref>Sally Wood-Lamont, [https://www.attackingthedevil.co.uk/worksabout/bairns.php W.T. Stead's Books for the Bairns], attackingthedevil.co.uk. Retrieved 6 October 2019.</ref> all published under the ''Review'''s auspices. However, in spite of such apparent successes, without the business-like Newnes to guide him, Stead frequently drove the ''Review'' to death's door, despite the best efforts of his business manager, Edwin H. Stout.

This was particularly the case during the [[Boer War]] (1899–1902), when his pro-Boer stance caused sales to slump to critical levels. Stead's attempt to recoup his losses, with the launch of the ill-fated ''The Daily Paper'', was a complete failure and, almost bankrupt, he suffered a nervous breakdown. The ''Review'' somehow limped on, buoyed up by a narrow but devoted subscription base. But, following the loss of Stead in the [[RMS Titanic|Titanic disaster]], it lost much of its force and, in c. 1917, was sold for just £25,000. It was eventually merged with ''World'' magazine and renamed the ''World Review'' in 1940. One of its latter editors was [[Lovat Dickson]].


==The ''American Review of Reviews''==
((Infobox magazine
| title           = American Review of Reviews
| logo            = 
| logo_size       = <!-- default is 180px -->
| image_file      = <!-- cover.jpg (omit the "file:" prefix) -->
| image_size      = <!-- default is 180px -->
| image_alt       = 
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| editor          = [[Albert Shaw (journalist)|Albert Shaw]]
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| paid_circulation   = 
| unpaid_circulation = 
| circulation_year   = 
| total_circulation  = 
| founder         = 
| founded         = 1890
| firstdate       = <!-- ((Start date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD)) -->
| finaldate       = ((End date|df=yes|1937))
| finalnumber     = 
| company         = 
| country         = United States 
| based           = New York City
| language        = English
| website         = <!-- ((URL|example.com)) -->
| issn            = 
| oclc            = 
))
The ''American Review of Reviews'' was edited by the American academic, journalist, and reformer, [[Albert Shaw (journalist)|Albert Shaw]].

Published from New York, ''The American Review of Reviews'' ran simultaneously alongside its British counterpart. As such, it represented the views and concerns of participants in the trans-Atlantic culture of progressive reform so brilliantly discussed in Daniel T. Rodgers's ''Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age'' (1998).

Shaw was part of the first generation of academic reformers, which included [[Woodrow Wilson]] (who was his classmate at [[Johns Hopkins University]]). Born in Ohio, Shaw studied at [[Iowa College|Grinnell College]] and received his doctorate in government at Johns Hopkins in 1884. Declining an appointment at Cornell, Shaw became editor of the [[Minneapolis Tribune]] and a widely published author of books on municipal reform.

The ''American Review of Reviews'' is one of the best primary sources on American reform between 1890 and 1920, providing not only a panoramic view of the range of reformers' interests, but also the ties between British and American progressives. By volume 3, however, its style had departed significantly from that of its British cousin.

The ''American Review of Reviews'' ran until 1937, when it merged into ''[[The Literary Digest]]''.

==See also==
*[[1901 Federal Flag Design Competition]]
*[[The Bookman (New York)|''The Bookman'']]
*''[[Harper's Magazine]]''
*[[McClure's|''McClure's Magazine'']]
*''[[Munsey's Magazine]]''
*[[The Outlook (New York)|''The Outlook'']]
*[[World's Work|''World's Work Magazine'']]

== References ==
<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. -->
((reflist))

==Further reading==
*''W.T. Stead & the Review of Reviews'' at the [http://www.attackingthedevil.co.uk/reviews/index.php W. T. Stead Resource Site] website

((Commons category|The Review of Reviews))









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[[Category:Literary magazines published in Australia]]
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