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((short description|American poet))
((more citations needed|date=March 2013))
((Infobox writer
| name         = Richard Eberhart
| image        = Richard Eberhart.jpg
| imagesize    = 200px
| birth_name   = Richard Ghormley Eberhart
| birth_date   = ((birth date|mf=y|1904|04|05))
| birth_place  = [[Austin, Minnesota]], [[United States|USA]]
| death_date   = ((death date and age|mf=y|2005|06|09|1904|04|05))
| death_place  = [[Hanover, New Hampshire]], [[United States|USA]]
| occupation   = [[Poet]]
| nationality  = American
| alma_mater   = [[University of Minnesota]]<br>[[Dartmouth College]]<br>[[St John's College, Cambridge]]<br>[[Harvard University]]
| spouse       = Helen Butcher (m. 1941)
| period       = 
| genre        = 
| subject      = 
| movement     = 
| notableworks = 
| influences   = 
| influenced   = 
| awards       = ((awd |[[National Book Award]] |1977)) 
((awd |[[Pulitzer Prize]] |1966))
| signature    = 
))

'''Richard Ghormley Eberhart''' (April 5, 1904 – June 9, 2005) was an American [[poetry|poet]] who published more than a dozen books of poetry and approximately twenty works in total. "Richard Eberhart emerged out of the 1930s as a modern stylist with romantic sensibilities."<ref>((cite web|title=Richard Eberhart Biography|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/richard-eberhart/index.php?title=Eberhart,_Richard|work=Poetry Foundation|access-date= 2 June 2018))</ref>  He won the [[Pulitzer Prize for Poetry]] for ''Selected Poems, 1930–1965''<ref name=pulitzer/> and the 1977 [[National Book Award for Poetry]] for ''Collected Poems, 1930–1976''.<ref name=nba1977/> He was the grandfather of [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] general manager [[Ben Cherington]].<ref>((cite web|last=MacMullan|first=Jackie|title=New GM Cherington swinging for fences|date=4 November 2011|url=http://espn.go.com/boston/mlb/story/_/id/7187594/boston-red-sox-gm-ben-cherington-was-born-lead-hometown-team|publisher=ESPN|access-date=25 September 2013))</ref>

==Biography==

===Early years===
Eberhart was born in 1904 in [[Austin, Minnesota|Austin]], a small city in southeast [[Minnesota]].  He grew up on an [[Estate (land)|estate]] of ((convert|40|acre|ha)) called Burr Oaks, since partitioned into hundreds of [[residential]] lots.  He published a volume of [[poetry]] called ''Burr Oaks'' in 1947, and many of his poems reflect his youth in rural America.

Eberhart began college at the [[University of Minnesota]], but following his mother's death from [[cancer]] in 1921—the event which prompted him to begin writing poetry—he transferred to [[Dartmouth College]].  After graduation he worked as a [[ship]]'s hand, among other jobs, then studied at [[St. John's College, Cambridge]], where [[I.A. Richards]] encouraged him to continue writing poetry, and where he took a further degree. After serving as private tutor to the son of King [[Prajadhipok]] of [[Thailand|Siam]] in 1931–1932, Eberhart pursued graduate study for a year at [[Harvard University]]. During his time at Harvard, Eberhart met and spoke with [[T. S. Eliot]].<ref>Eberhart, Richard. Letter to T. S. Eliot. 9 Feb. 1935. MS. Richard Eberhart Papers. Stuart Wright Collection. Joyner Lib., Greenville, NC.</ref>

His first book of poetry, ''A Bravery of Earth'', was published in London in 1930. It reflected his experiences in Cambridge and his experience as a ship's hand. ''Reading the Spirit'', published in 1937, contains one of his best-known poems, "The Groundhog".

He taught for eight years at the [[St. Mark's School (Massachusetts)|St. Mark's School]] (1933–1941), where [[Robert Lowell]] was one of his students.  In 1941 he married Helen Butcher.  They had two children.

During World War II he held the rank of Lieutenant Commander and served in the [[U.S. Naval Reserve]];<ref>[[Vernon Scannell]] ''Not Without Glory'' The Woburn Press, London, 1976 ((ISBN|0713000945))</ref> this experience led him to write another of his most celebrated poems, "The Fury of Aerial Bombardment", the first three stanzas of which, are in effect a prayer:<ref>''The Poetry of War 1939-45''  ed. Ian Hamilton, London 1965</ref>

::Was man made stupid to see his own stupidity?''
::''Is God by definition indifferent, beyond us all?''
::''Is the eternal truth man's fighting soul''
::''Wherein the Beast ravens in its own avidity?''

===Career===
In 1945, Eberhart published ''Poems: New and Selected'', containing "The Fury of Aerial Bombardment" and other poems written during his service including "Dam Neck, Virginia" and "World War". He also edited ''War and the Poet: An Anthology of Poetry Expressing Man's Reactions to the Present'' claiming to be the first collection of poems based on war.

After the war, Eberhart worked for six years for his wife's family's floor wax company, the Butcher Polish Company. ''Burr Oaks'' was his first work published after the war in 1947 followed by ''Brotherhood of Men'' in 1949. In 1950 he was a founder of the Poets' Theatre in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]].

From the early 1950s until his retirement, he dedicated himself to writing poems and teaching at institutions of higher education, including the [[University of Washington]], [[Brown University]], [[Swarthmore College]], [[Tufts University]], [[Trinity College (Connecticut)|Trinity College]], [[University of Connecticut]], [[Columbia University]], [[University of Cincinnati]], University of Florida, [[Wheaton College (Massachusetts)|Wheaton College]], [[St. Mark's School (Massachusetts)|St. Marks School]], [[Princeton University]] and [[Dartmouth College]]. He taught for 30 years at Dartmouth as professor of English and poet-in-residence, where he was known for his encouragement of young poets.

Eberhart published ''Undercliff: Poems 1946–1953'' containing ''Fragment of New York'' in 1953. Eberhart wrote a number of dramatic works in the 1950s and early 1960s which were performed regionally. These works included ''The Apparition'', ''The Visionary Farms'', ''Triptych'', ''The Mad Musicians'' and ''Devils and Angels''. In 1962, these works were published as ''Collected Verse Works''.

Eberhart was sent to [[San Francisco]] by ''[[The New York Times]]'' to report on the [[Beat generation|Beat]] poetry scene.  Eberhart wrote a piece published in the September 2, 1956, ''New York Times Book Review'' entitled "West Coast Rhythms" that helped call national attention to the [[Beat generation]], and especially to [[Allen Ginsberg]] as the author of ''[[Howl (poem)|Howl]]'', which he called "the most remarkable poem of the young group."<ref>Allen Ginsberg, ''Howl: Original Draft Facsimile, Transcript & Variant Editions, Fully Annotated by Author, with Contemporaneous Correspondence, Account of First Public Reading, Legal Skirmishes, Precursor Texts & Bibliography'', edited by Barry Miles (HarperPerennial, 1995), 155.</ref> Ginsberg credited Eberhart's article with "breaking the ice" for the Beats in regard to getting them published.<ref>[http://raunerlibrary.blogspot.com/2011/12/i-saw-best-minds-of-my-generation.html "I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness ..."]. (blog) December 2, 2011. Rauner Special Collections Library.</ref>

President [[Dwight Eisenhower]] appointed Eberhart a member of the Advisory Committee on the Arts for the National Cultural Centre in 1959. Also, Eberhart was [[Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress]] for 1959–61 and was awarded a [[Bollingen Prize]] in 1962.

In her memoir, [https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/gretchen-cherington/poetic-license-a-memoir/ Poetic License], Eberhart's daughter Gretchen Cherington accused him of sexual abuse.

''The Quarry: New Poems'' (1964) contained letters in verse to [[W. H. Auden]] and [[William Carlos Williams]] as well as elegies, lyrics, character sketches, and monologues. ''Selected Poems, 1930–1965'' (1965) won the Pulitzer Prize.<ref name=pulitzer/> ''Collected Poems, 1930–1976'' (1976) won the National Book Award in 1977.<ref name=nba1977/> Eberhart was [[New Hampshire]]'s Poet Laureate from 1979 to 1984 and was elected to the [[American Academy of Arts and Letters]] in 1982. He also won the [[Shelley Memorial Award]], the Harriet Monroe Memorial Award, and the Frost Medal from the Poetry Society of America.

==Bibliography==
* ''A Bravery of Earth'' 1930
* ''Reading the Spirit'' 1937
* ''Song and Idea'' 1942
* ''War and the Poet: An Anthology of Poetry Expressing Man's Attitudes to War from Ancient Times to the Present'' 1945
* ''Poems: New and Selected'' 1945
* ''Burr Oaks'' 1947
* ''Brotherhood of Men'' 1949
* ''Undercliff: Poems 1946–1953'' 1953
* ''Great Praises'' 1957
* ''Collected Verse Plays'' 1962
* ''The Quarry: New Poems'' 1964
* ''Selected Poems, 1930–1965'' (1965) winner of the Pulitzer Prize<ref name=pulitzer>
[http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Poetry "Poetry"]. ''Past winners & finalists by category''. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2012-04-07.</ref>
* ''Shifts of Being'' 1968
*''Fields of Grace 1972''
* ''Collected Poems, 1930–1976: including 43 new poems'' (1976) winner of the National Book Award<ref name=nba1977>
[https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1977 "National Book Awards – 1977"]. [[National Book Foundation]]. Retrieved 2012-04-07. <br/>(With acceptance speech by Eberhart and essay by Kiki Petrosino from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)</ref>
* ''The Long Reach: New and Uncollected Works 1948–1984'' 1984
* ''New and Selected Poems: 1930–1990'' 1990

==References==
((reflist))

* Jahan Ramazani, [[Richard Ellmann]], and Robert O'Clair, ''The Norton Anthology of Modern and Contemporary Poetry'', 3rd ed., vol. 1: ''Modern Poetry'' (New York & London: W.W. Norton, 2003), pp.&nbsp;740–42.

==Further reading==
*[https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/richard-eberhart Academy of American Poets entry on Richard Eberhart]
*[http://www.answers.com/Richard%20Eberhart Answers.com page on Richard Eberhart]
*[https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory?id=842377&CMP=OTC-RSSFeeds0312 ABC News (America) online article on Eberhart's death]
* Stuart T. Wright, ''Richard Eberhart: A Descriptive Bibliography 1921–1987'' Meckler 1989 ((ISBN|0-88736-346-6))
* Bernard F. Engel, ''Richard Eberhart'' Twayne Publishing 1972 ((ISBN|0-8057-0228-8))
* Joel Roache, ''Richard Eberhart: Progress of an American Poet'' Oxford University Press 1971 ((ISBN|0-19-501263-1))
* Sydney Lea, Jay Parine and Robin M. Barone (editors), ''Richard Eberhart: A Celebration'' Middlebury College Publications 1980 ((ISBN|0-917241-00-2))

==External links==
((wikiquote))
*[http://harvardsquarelibrary.org/poets/eberhart.php Richard Eberhart biography and poetry samples. Part of a series of poets.]
*[http://archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu/repositories/2/resources/306 The papers of Richard Eberhart] at Dartmouth College Library
*[https://digital.lib.ecu.edu/special/ead/findingaids/1169-004 Stuart Wright Collection: Richard Ghormley Eberhart Papers, 1885-1990 (#1169-004), East Carolina Manuscript Collection, J. Y. Joyner Library, East Carolina University]

((LOC Poets Laureate))
((PulitzerPrize PoetryAuthors 1951–1975))
((NH Poets Laureate|state=autocollapse))
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((DEFAULTSORT:Eberhart, Richard))
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:American centenarians]]
[[Category:American male poets]]
[[Category:Formalist poets]]
[[Category:Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters]]
[[Category:National Book Award winners]]
[[Category:Pulitzer Prize for Poetry winners]]
[[Category:Poets Laureate of New Hampshire]]
[[Category:Poets from New Hampshire]]
[[Category:Wheaton College (Massachusetts) faculty]]
[[Category:Dartmouth College alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:St. Mark's School (Massachusetts) alumni]]
[[Category:Bollingen Prize recipients]]
[[Category:United States Navy personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:20th-century American poets]]
[[Category:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:Men centenarians]]

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