Richard Hamilton
Bornc. 1649
DiedDecember 1717
Relatives
Military career
AllegianceFrench army
Battles/wars
Military career
AllegianceJacobite army
Battles/warsWilliamite War in Ireland

Richard Hamilton PC (Ire) (c. 1649 – 1717) was an officer in the French and the Irish army. In France he fought in the Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678) under Turenne and in the War of the Reunions (1683–1684) at the Siege of Luxembourg.

In Ireland he fought for James II during the Williamite War, rising to the rank of lieutenant-general. He defeated the Protestants of Ulster at the Break of Dromore and the Cladyford in 1689. Later that year he commanded during part of the Siege of Derry. In 1690 he fought bravely at the Battle of the Boyne, where he was taken prisoner. In 1692 he was exchanged for Lord Mountjoy and joined the exile court at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France. Hamilton died in French exile.

Family tree
Richard Hamilton with parents and other selected relatives.[a] He never married.[1] His father is sometimes confused with his granduncle, George Hamilton of Greenlaw and Roscrea.[2]
Claud
1st Ld
Paisley
1546–1621		Margaret
Seton
d. 1616
James
1st Earl
Abercorn
1575–1618		Marion
Boyd
d. 1632
Recusant		George
of Greenlaw
& Roscrea
d. bef. 1657
James
2nd Earl
d. 1670		George
1st Baronet
Donalong
c. 1608 – 1679		Mary
Butler
d. 1680
James
c. 1630 – 1673
Courtier
d.v.p.*		Elizabeth
Colepeper
d. 1709		Anthony
c. 1645 – 1719
Writer		Richard
c. 1649 – 1717
James
6th Earl
c. 1661 – 1734		Elizabeth
Reading
d. 1754
Legend
XXXSubject of
the article		XXXEarls of
Abercorn
*d.v.p. = predeceased his father (decessit vita patris)

Birth and origins

Richard was born about 1649,[b] in Ireland, before his family fled to France in 1651 during the Cromwellian Conquest.[3][4] He was the fifth son of George Hamilton and his wife Mary Butler. His father was Scottish, the fourth son of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn. His father supported the Marquess of Ormond in the Irish Confederate War and the Cromwellian conquest[5] and was a would-be baronet.[6][7][c]

Richard's mother was half Irish and half English, the third daughter of Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles and his English Catholic wife Elizabeth Poyntz.[8] Viscount Thurles (courtesy title) predeceased his father, Walter Butler, 11th Earl of Ormond, and therefore never succeeded to the earldom.[9] The Butlers were Old English.[10] Richard's mother also was a sister of James Butler,[8] making her husband a brother-in-law of the lord lieutenant.[11][5]

His place of birth and the date of his parents marriage are affected by errors caused by confusing his father with his granduncle, George Hamilton of Greenlaw and Roscrea. Both are called George, and both married a Mary Butler. Richard's place of birth probably is Nenagh (/ˈniːnæ/)[12], County Tipperary.[d] Hamilton's parents had married in 1635, despite earlier dates reported in error due to the mistaken identity.[15][e]

Richard was one of nine siblings.[16] See James, George, Elizabeth, Anthony, and John.[f] Richard's parents were both Catholic,[g] and so was he.[17]

Irish wars and first French exile

Richard's father was a soldier in the Irish army and fought for the royalists under his uncle James Butler, the Earl of Ormond, in the Irish Confederate Wars (1641–1648) and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649-1653) until early in 1651, when his family followed Ormond into French exile.[3] They went to Caen, Normandy,[18] where they were accommodated for some time by Elizabeth Preston, the Marchioness of Ormond. Lady Ormond with her children left for England in August 1652,[19] whereas Richard's mother moved to Paris, where she lived in the Convent of the Feuillantines [fr].[20]

Restoration

In May 1660 the Restoration brought Charles II on the English throne.[21] Richard's father and his elder sons moved to the court at Whitehall.[22] Charles II restored Donalong, Ulster, to Hamilton's father.[23] About that year Charles allegedly created Hamilton's father baronet of Donalong and Nenagh,[c] but the king, if he really went that far, refused to go further because the family was Catholic.[24]

Richard's elder brothers, James and George, became courtiers at Whitehall.[25] In 1661 the King arranged a Protestant marriage for James.[26][27][28] Early in 1661 Richard's father also brought his wife and younger children to London,[29] where they lived for some time all together in a house near Whitehall.[30]

In French service

Wanting to be a soldier and unable to take the oath of supremacy, obligatory in the English army, Richard followed the example of his elder brothers George and Anthony and went into French service. In 1671 he was commissioned into the regiment that George had raised. This regiment fought for France in the Franco-Dutch war (1672–1678). He must have fought with George under Turenne in the battles of Sinsheim in June 1674, and Entzheim in October.[31] At Entzheim his brothers George and Anthony were wounded.[32]

In 1674 Richard visited England with his elder brothers George and Anthony. George returned to France from England, but Anthony and Richard continued to Ireland to recruit for the regiment.[33] The recruits were picked up by French ships at Kinsale in April[34] after a missed appointment at Dingle in March.[35] Richard's voyage caused him to miss Turenne's winter campaign in which the French marched south and surprised the Germans in upper Alsace, beating them at Turckheim in January 1675.[36]

In July 1675 Hamilton's regiment was at Sasbach, where George witnessed Turenne's death.[37] At the retreat from Sasbach in August, the regiment suffered 450 casualties in the rearguard actions of the Battle of Altenheim.[38] Louis XIV called in Condé, who stopped the German advance[39][40] but retired at the end of the campaign.[41] In the winter 1675–6 George, accompanied by either Richard or Anthony, again went recruiting[42] and visited Lady Arran, wife of Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Arran, in January 1676. She called them "ye monsieurs".[43] The regiment quartered that winter in Toul.[42]

Luxembourg commanded on the Rhine in the campaign of 1676.[44] In June George was killed in a rearguard action at the Zaberner Steige (Col de Saverne), where imperial troops under the Duke of Lorraine pursued the French who were retreating eastward to Zabern (Saverne) in lower Alsace.[45][46] Thomas Dongan became colonel and Richard lieutenant-colonel.[47] In 1678 Richard succeeded Thomas Dongan as the regiment's colonel. In August the Peace of Nijmegen ended the Franco-Dutch War.[48] The regiment was disbanded in December.[49] Richard joined a French regiment that he commanded for over six years. This seems to have been the Roussillon Regiment, according to a remark in a letter from Louvois to Avaux.[50]

Either Richard or Anthony played a zephyr in the performance of Quinault's ballet the Triomphe de l'Amour, to music by Lully, on 21 January 1681 at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye before Louis XIV.[51][52][53][54] In the War of the Reunions (1683–1684), Richard commanded the Altmünster sector in the Siege of Luxembourg in 1684 under Maréchal de Créquy.[55]

In March 1685 Hamilton was obliged to leave France after a bitter disagreement with Louvois, the minister of war, over the state of his regiment and a brawl with the Marquis d'Alincourt [fr] over the Princess de Conti, Louis XIV's recently widowed daughter.[56] Having sold his regiment a few days before, Hamilton took leave of the king on 16 March and left for England.[57]

In Irish service

Hamilton left France and went to England, where James II on 20 June 1685 made him a colonel of a regiment of dragoons of the Irish Army.[58] He was promoted brigadier in April 1686, making him the third most senior officer of the Irish Army after Tyrconnell and Justin McCarthy, Viscount Mountcashel.[59] In May 1686 he was appointed to the privy council of Ireland. In February 1687 he accompanied Tyrconnell to Dublin to take office as lord lieutenant of Ireland.[60]

He went to England with the Irish troops that Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, viceroy (Lord Lieutenant) of Ireland, sent to help James when the king's position became precarious in the build-up to the Glorious Revolution and was promoted to major-general on 12 November 1688.[61] These troops should have helped to defend the English south against the imminent Dutch invasion. They caused the Irish Fright in December 1688. They surrendered to the Prince of Orange and were disbanded after James's flight.[62] Richard Hamilton was jailed at the Tower of London.[63]

William, the Prince of Orange, wanted to bring Ireland around to his side by proposing favourable terms to Tyrconnell. He thought to have found a suitable messenger in Hamilton. He freed him from the Tower and sent him to Ireland on parole. Hamilton landed at Ringsend in January 1689 and met Tyrconnell in Dublin. However, instead of trying to convince the viceroy to accept William's offer, Hamilton urged Tyrconnell to reject William's terms.[64] A later investigation into his hehaviour found a witness who had observed Hamilton in a tavern in Ringsend near Dublin just after Hamilton had landed in Ireland. This witness reported that Hamilton had laughed loudly and had boasted how well he had deceived the Prince of Orange.[65]

Tyrconnell promoted him to lieutenant-general. Early in March 1689 Tyrconnel sent him to Ulster at the head of a force of 2500 to put down the Protestant rebellion there. Dominic Sheldon commanded his cavalry.[14] Hamilton routed Sir Arthur Rawdon's Protestant Army of the North in the battle called the Break of Dromore on 14 March 1689 in County Down and then moved northwards into County Antrim where he raided Antrim Castle and took Viscount Massereene's silverware and furniture worth £3000.[66]

Hamilton then continued to Coleraine, which he reached on 27 March.[67] In the meantime James II had landed in Ireland (on 12 March) and had sent Lieutenant-General Rosen, the French commander-in-chief, up north with an army. The two armies linked up near Strabane on the march to Derry. The commanders were both lieutenant-generals, but Rosen had been appointed Marshal of Ireland for the duration of the campaign. Nevertheless, Hamilton refused to submit to Rosen.

Lundy, the governor of Derry for William, tried to defend the so-called fords along the River Finn south of the city. On 15 April 1689 Hamilton attacked at Clady. The Duke of Berwick was with him.[68] Rosen broke through the enemy's line of defence in a separate action near Lifford. Lundy fled to the city.[69]

The siege of the town began on 18 April. James and Rosen returned to Dublin and left Lieutenant-General Jacques de Fontanges, comte de Maumont,[70] in command. However, Maumont was killed in a sally on 21 April,[71] and the command devolved to Hamilton. Rosen was sent back to Derry to take over from Hamilton in June. The siege was finally abandoned after 105 days on 31 July 1689. Hamilton retreated with the army southwards.

At the Battle of the Boyne, in July 1690, Hamilton commanded the centre of the Irish army, defending the ford at Oldbridge.[72] Later in the battle he commanded the rearguard[73] and led cavalry charges that delayed the pursuite. In the last of those he was wounded and taken prisoner.[74][75] He was interrogated by William, who asked him whether his men would continue to fight. Hamilton answered "On my honour, Sir, I believe that they will". Thereupon William twice muttered "Your honour!", reminding him of his broken parole.[76][77] Hamilton was detained as a prisoner of war for about two years, first in Dublin, then at Chester Castle, and at last at the Tower of London.

Last French exile

In April 1692 Hamilton was freed by being exchanged for Lord Mountjoy.[78][79] He left for France where he went to Versailles to thank Louis XIV for his liberation.[80]

He took service in King James's exile army. In 1692 he served as lieutenant-general under Marshal Bellefonds in the forces that assembled at Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue and should have been carried over the Channel by the French Fleet to land on the Isle of Portland and march on London from there. However, that fleet was intercepted by the English and Dutch and defeated in several actions at Barfleur and La Hougue in May, after which the invasion had to be cancelled.

In 1696 he became James's master of the robes in addition to lieutenant-general.[81] He lost his command when King James's force was dissolved after the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697, in which France recognised William III as the rightful King of England. James II died in 1701 at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye[82][83] and was succeeded by his son James Francis Edward Stuart, called James III or the Old Pretender. Louis XIV recognised him as James III of England.

In March 1708, during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), Hamilton was involved in an attempt to invade Scotland led by James III.[84] He was among the about 6000 troops that were assembled at Dunkirk and which comprised six French regiments and the Irish Brigade. These troops were transported by a French fleet commanded by Admiral Claude de Forbin and consisting of 5 men-of-war, two transports and 20 frigates, many of which were Dunkirk privateers. They sailed from Dunkirk up to the Firth of Forth intending to land near Edinburgh, but a stronger British fleet under Admiral George Byng caught up with them. They had to abandon the landing, but Forbin outmaneuvered the British, escaped northwards, and brought the invasion force safely back to Dunkirk by sailing around Scotland and Ireland.

In 1713, Hamilton was implicated in a scandal in which he had plotted to usurp Lord Middleton's position as James's secretary of state. He was chased from James III's court and went to live with his niece Marie-Elisabeth de Gramont, daughter of his sister Elizabeth, Countess de Gramont, at Poussay in the Duchy of Lorraine, at that time still part of the Empire. Marie-Elisabeth was a canoness of the Chapter of Poussay [fr], where she had been elected abbess in 1695.[85] He died in Poussay in December 1717.[86][87][1]

Timeline
As his birth date is uncertain, so are all his ages. Italics for historical background.
Age Date Event
0 Estimated 1649 Born,[b] probably at Nenagh in Ireland
10–11 29 May 1660 Restoration of Charles II[21]
10–11 1660 Returned from France to England with his family
24–25 6 Jun 1674 Fought together with George at Sinsheim
24–25 6 Oct 1674 Brothers George and Anthony wounded at the Battle of Entzheim[32]
25–26 1675 Went to Ireland with Anthony to recruit.[33]
26–27 Jun 1676 Brother George killed at the Col de Saverne[46]
34–35 26 Jan 1679 Treaties of Nijmegen ended the Franco-Dutch War between France and the Empire.[48]
29–30 1679 Father died[8]
34–35 1684 Fought at the siege of Luxembourg[55]
35–36 6 Feb 1685 Accession of James II, succeeding King Charles II[88]
35–36 Mar 1685 Obliged to leave France[56][57]
39–40 Jan 1689 Returned to Ireland and joined the Jacobites[65]
39–40 13 Feb 1689 Accession of William and Mary, succeeding James II[89]
39–40 14 Mar 1689 Defeated Protestants at the Break of Dromore
39–40 15 Apr 1689 Forced the crossing of the River Finn at Clady[68]
39–40 18 Apr 1689 Fought at the siege of Derry under Maumont
39–40 21 Apr 1689 Became commander-in-chief before Derry
39–40 31 Jul 1689 Retreated southwards as the siege of Derry is abandoned.
40–41 1 Jul 1690 Taken prisoner at the Battle of the Boyne
42–43 Apr 1692 Exchanged for Mountjoy[79]
42–43 1692 Ready to embark at Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue for an aborted invasion of southern England
46–47 1696 Appointed James's master of the robes.[81]
58–59 Mar 1708 Sailed to the Firth of Forth with Forbin in an aborted invasion of Scotland[84]
63–64 1713 Tried to usurp Middleton's position and is chased from the court
67–68 Dec 1717 Died at Poussay, Lorraine[86]

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ This family tree is partly derived from the Abercorn pedigree pictured in Cokayne[90] and written genealogies of the Abercorns.[91][92]
  2. ^ a b It is known that Richard died in his late 60s in 1717.[1]
  3. ^ a b Richard's father's article has more detail about these attempts to become a baronet.
  4. ^ Some say it was Roscrea,[13] but this seems to be due to the confusion between his father and his granduncle.[2] The manuscript A Light to the Blind from about 1711 calls Richard "of Nenagh".[14]
  5. ^ Richard's father's article discusses his mistaken identity.
  6. ^ Richard's father's article gives a list of all the nine siblings.
  7. ^ Richard's father's article has some detail about Anthony's Protestant grandfather, the 1st Earl of Abercorn.

Citations

  1. ^ a b c Wauchope 2004, p. 889, right column, line 12. "He [Richard] adopted a life of piety and died at the convent in his late sixties, a bachelor, in December 1717."
  2. ^ a b Manning 2001, p. 149, line 6. "... there were two George Hamiltons, one being the nephew of the other. The older couple lived at Roscrea Castle and the younger couple, the parents of Anthony Hamilton were at Nenagh."
  3. ^ a b Clark 1921, p. 5, line 24. "In the spring of 1651 took place, at last, the event which had such a determining influence on the fate of the young Hamiltons. Sir George Hamilton left his country for France with his family ..."
  4. ^ Wauchope 2004, p. 888, right column, line 10. "... he [Richard Hamilton] was taken to France as an infant, where he was brought up until the Restoration, when his family moved to Whitehall."
  5. ^ a b Wasser 2004, p. 838, left column, line 43. "During the Irish wars he served King Charles loyally, in association with his brother-in-law, James Butler, twelfth earl and first duke of Ormond."
  6. ^ Mahaffy 1900, p. 53. "5 June [1634] Westminster. The King to the Lord Deputy for Claude Hamilton and Sir George Hamilton, Kt. and Bt. Ordering him to consider a petition ..."
  7. ^ G. E. C. 1903, p. 305, note c. "This non-assumption of the dignity throws some little doubt on its creation."
  8. ^ a b c Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 34. "[Sir George] m. (art. dated 2 June 1629) Mary, 3rd dau. of Thomas, Viscount Thurles and sister of the 1st Duke of Ormonde. He d. [died] 1679. She d. Aug 1680 ..."
  9. ^ G. E. C. 1895, p. 149, line 14. "He [Thurles] d. v.p. [predeceasing his father], being drowned off the Skerrieds 15 Dec. 1619. His widow m. [married] George Mathew, of Thurles, and d. [died] at Thurles. May 1673 in her 86th year."
  10. ^ G. E. C. 1889, p. 94. "1. Theobald Walter ... accompanied in 1185 John, Count of Mortaigue, Lord of ireland ... into Ireland."
  11. ^ G. E. C. 1895, p. 149, line 27. "He [James Butler] was cr. [created] 30 Aug. 1642 Marquess of Ormonde [I. [Ireland]];"
  12. ^ Merriam-Webster 1997, p. 799, right column. Transliterated from the book's own SAMPA, "\'nē-nä\"
  13. ^ O Ciardha 2009, 1st paragraph. "Hamilton, Richard (d. 1717) Jacobite army officer, was probably born at his father's house in Roscrea, Co. Tipperary ..."
  14. ^ a b Gilbert 1971, p. 44, line 26. "At the viceroy's command, the regiments began their march from their respective quarters to the north, about the commencement of the month of March, 1688, old style, 1689, stilo novo, over which expedition ;ieutenant-general Richard Hamilton, of Nenagh, in the county of Tipperary, and son to [Mary] the old duke of Ormonde's sister, was appointed commander-in-chief; and colonel Dominick Sheldon, an English Catholick, was constituted general of the horse."
  15. ^ Manning 2001, p. 150, bottom. "... February 28th, 1635 regarding the marriage intended between Hamilton and Mary Butler, sister of the earl, which was to take place before the last day of April [1635]."
  16. ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. right column, line 33. "4. George (Sir) 1st Bart. of Donalong ... [6 sons and 3 daughters enumerated]"
  17. ^ Chichester 1890, p. 203, right column, line 23. "Like the rest of his family he [Richard] was a Roman catholic."
  18. ^ Millar 1890, p. 177, left column, line 46. "Marquis of Ormonde, whom he followed to Caen in the spring of 1651 with his wife and family."
  19. ^ Perceval-Maxwell 2004, pp. 130–131. "... in August 1652 she [Lady Ormond] left for England with her family ..."
  20. ^ Clark 1921, p. 8, line 27. "... his [Anthony Hamilton's] mother and his aunt, Lady Muskerry, had apartments at the couvent des Feuillantines in Paris ..."
  21. ^ a b Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 39. "Charles II. ... acc. 29 May 1660 ..."
  22. ^ Wauchope 2004, p. 888, right column, line 11. "... until the restoration when the family moved to Whitehall."
  23. ^ Elliott 2000, p. 114. "The Scottish settlers Sir George Hamilton and his brother Claud, Lord Strabane, were restored in Tyrone ..."
  24. ^ Chisholm 1910b, p. 884, first paragraph, lines lower middle. "The fact that, like his father, he [Anthony Hamilton] was a Roman Catholic prevented his receiving the political promotion ..."
  25. ^ Rigg 1890, p. 135, right column, line 17. "These two brothers are frequently mentioned in the Mémoires."
  26. ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 38. "1. James, col. in the service of Charles II and Groom of the Bedchamber, m. [married] 1661, Elizabeth, dau. [daughter] of John, Lord Colepeper."
  27. ^ Clark 1921, p. 16. "James Hamilton's marriage to Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Colepeper ... took place as early as 1660 or 1661. As the lady was a Protestant, James Hamilton left the Church of Rome shortly before his marriage, to the great sorrow and anger of his devout mother ..."
  28. ^ Clark 1921, p. 14, line 17. "... Charles ... obtained the hand of one of the Princess Royal's maids of honour for him."
  29. ^ Clark 1921, p. 12, line 1. "It was in the beginning of 1661 that Sir George Hamilton brought his wife and younger children to England. His elder sons had already preceded him."
  30. ^ Clark 1921, p. 12, line 22. "The family, the six sons and three daughters, lived for some time in a large comfortable house near Whitehall ..."
  31. ^ Sergeant 1913, p. 213. "In 1674 he [George Hamilton] was engaged in two desperate struggles between Turenne and the Duke of Bournonville, at Sintzheim on June 16th and at Entzheim on October 6th, on both occasions playing a distinguished part in Turenne's victory."
  32. ^ a b Clark 1921, p. 54. "George and Anthony were both wounded."
  33. ^ a b Clark 1921, p. 56, line 10. "George Hamilton did not himself go to Ireland, as his affairs, so he said, required an early return to France. He left in the very beginning of March [1675], but Anthony was put in charge of the difficult expedition, and with him was his younger brother Richard, who must have entered the French service some time before."
  34. ^ Clark 1921, p. 56, bottom. "All in a sudden, in the first week of April [1675], the French ships arrived unexpectedly in Kinsale."
  35. ^ Clark 1921, p. 56, line 31. "Hamilton expected the French ships on the 8th of March [1675] but they did not appear."
  36. ^ Clark 1921, p. 55, line 31. "Turenne defeated them at Mulhouse on the 29th of December and at Turckheim on January 5th. George and Anthony did not, however, take part in these operations ..."
  37. ^ Clark 1921, p. 213, last line. "Hamilton was at his side when the fatal shot struck him down ..."
  38. ^ Atkinson 1946, p. 166, line 15. "... of Hamilton's 450 [killed and wounded]."
  39. ^ Atkinson 1946, p. 166, line 39. "... Condé, who had been securing a strong position on the Meuse, was hurried to Alsace with reinforcements, and was able to hold the Imperialists in check ..."
  40. ^ Longueville 1907, p. 392. "The King made Condé leave his army in Flanders to take the command vacated by the death of Turenne."
  41. ^ Lynn 1999, p. 142. "... at the end of this campaign, Condé left the army to spend his final decade on his estate ar Chantilly."
  42. ^ a b Clark 1921, p. 62. "He [George] had to raise 1100 men, and while Anthony or possibly Richard remained in Toul with the regiment, he proceeded to England ... "
  43. ^ Historical Manuscripts Commission 1906, p. 6. "1675-6, January 22 ... arrivall of Comte Hamilton ... Ye Monsieurs are now come ..."
  44. ^ Courcelles 1823, p. 54. "Nommé commandant de l'armée d'Allemagne, par pouvoir du 10 mars 1676 ..."
  45. ^ Clark 1921, p. 63. "Near Saverne Lorraine [i.e. the duc de L.] attacked his [Luxembourg's] rear-guard, commanded by George Hamilton, but was driven back in a fierce combat, in which Hamilton and his regiment fought with all possible bravery ... George Hamilton fell. This was on the 1st of June, 1676."
  46. ^ a b Sergeant 1913, p. 217. "At the beginning of June [1676] he took part in the battle of Zebernstieg [Col de Saverne] and was engaged in covering the French retreat on Saverne when he was killed by a musket-shot."
  47. ^ Atkinson 1946, p. 168 bottom. "... the Lieutenant-Colonelcy going to Richard Hamilton ..."
  48. ^ a b Lynn 1999, p. 156, line 33. "... the French and Dutch signed the Treaty of Nijwegen on 10 August [1678]."
  49. ^ Clark 1921, p. 69, bottom. "In December [1678] Louis ... disbanded the regiment d'Hamilton ..."
  50. ^ Macaulay 1855, p. 198. "Si c'est celuy qui est sorti de France le dernier, qui s'appelloit Richard, il n'a jamais veu de siège, ayant toujours servi en Rousillon."
  51. ^ Parfaict 1756, p. 538. "Zéphyrs. M. le Prince de la Roche-sur-Yon, M. de Vermandois, Messieurs les marquis d'Alincourt, de Moy et de Richelieu, M. le Comte de Hamilton."
  52. ^ Wauchope 2004, p. 888, right column, line 20. "... and in 1681 [Richard Hamilton] danced before Louis XIV as a zephyr in Quinault's ballet Le triomphe de l'amour at St Germain-en-Laye."
  53. ^ Rigg 1890, p. 135, right column, middle. "He [Anthony Hamilton] appeared as a zephyr in the performance of Quinault's ballet, the 'Triomphe d'amour,' at St. Germain-en-Laye in 1681.
  54. ^ Corp 2004, p. 766, right column, bottom. "During this period he [Anthony] appeared alongside the dauphin as a zephyr in Lully's ballet Le triomphe de l'amour, which was given twenty-nine performances in the Château de St Germain-en-Laye in January and February 1681."
  55. ^ a b Dangeau 1854a, p. 22. "Dimanche 4 [June 1684] – le maréchal de Créqui mandoit que le samedi matin les ennemis avoient battu la chamade à l'attaque du vieux Munster, où Hamilton était de garde;"
  56. ^ a b La Fayette 1731, p. 193. "on l'avoit chassé de la cour, par ce qu'il s'étoit rendu amoureux de la princesse de Conti, fille du Roi ..."
  57. ^ a b Dangeau 1854a, pp. 136–137. "Vendredi 16 [Mars 1685] ... Hamilton prit congé du roi; il avait vendu son régiment quelques jours auparavant, et se retiroit en Angleterre."
  58. ^ Dangeau 1854a, p. 151, line 17. "Lundi 9 [Avril 1685], à Versailles. – Je sus aussi que le roi d'Angleterre avoit nommé Hamilton pour colonel d'un régiment en Irlande; cela lui vaudra 2,000 écus de rente."
  59. ^ Wauchope 2004, p. 888, right column, line 31. "He was made a colonel of dragoons on the Irish establishment by James II on 20 June 1685, and in April 1686 he was promoted to brigadier, making him (after Tyrconnell and Justin MacCarthy) the third most senior member of the Irish army."
  60. ^ O Ciardha 2009, 2nd paragraph. "He accompanied Richard Talbot, earl of Tyrconnell (qv) to Dublin on his taking up the lord deputyship in February 1687 and threw himself into Tyrconnell's campaign to catholicise the army."
  61. ^ Wauchope 2004, p. 888, right column, line 39. "... where he was promoted to major-general on 12 November 1688 by James."
  62. ^ Chichester 1890, p. 203, right column, line 50. "Hamilton arrived in England with the troops sent over by Tyrconnell on the rumour of a Dutch invasion, and which were disbanded by William of Orange after James's flight."
  63. ^ Childs 1987, p. 16. "Colonel Richard Hamilton, an Irish catholic, was confined to the Tower of London on 31 December 1688 and his regiment was entrusted to Lieutenant-Colonel John Coy ..."
  64. ^ Chichester 1890, p. 204, left column, line 17. "and Hamilton, forgetting his pledges, actively abetted him."
  65. ^ a b Historical Manuscripts Commission 1889, p. 189, line 20. "... broke out into loud laughter, saying he could not forbear it, thinking how finely he had shammed the Prince of Orange."
  66. ^ O'Laverty 1884, p. 264. "After the break of Dromore Colonel Skeffington abandoned Antrim Castle, which was occupied by a detachment of the troops of the Jacobite General Richard Hamilton. They seized Lord Massereene's plate ..."
  67. ^ Doherty 2008, p. 50. "Richard Hamilton's army reached Coleraine on 27 March."
  68. ^ a b Berwick 1778, p. 47. "De là nous marchâmes, le 15 Avril, au pont de Clady, sur la rivière de Strabane, dont les Rebelles, au nombre de dix mille, vouloient défendre le passage ..."
  69. ^ Wauchope 2004, p. 889, left column, line 7. "At the battle of the Fords (15 April) de Rosen and Hamilton made separate attacks on Lundy's positions on the rivers Finn and Foyle and forced Lundy's troops back to the city."
  70. ^ Bouillet 1848, p. 82. "Cette branche a produit Jacques de Fontanges, comte de Maumont, lieutenant-général des armées."
  71. ^ Walker 1893, p. 21. "... they killed above 200 of the Enemies Souldiers, besides Mamow the French General ..."
  72. ^ Chichester 1890, p. 204, left column, line 40. "His conspicuous bravery in the fight at the Boyne is admitted by writers of all parties."
  73. ^ Ellis 1978, p. 107. "He [Tyrconnell] ordered Richard Hamilton to take command of the rearguard and to delay the Williamites as best as he could ..."
  74. ^ Boulger 1911, p. 155. "Richard Hamilton had been wounded and taken prisoner by the time that William's cavalry came down from Donore on the right flank of the Irish infantry commanded by him in and behind Oldbridge."
  75. ^ FitzGerald 1827, p. 326. "The Irish generals Sarsfield, Sheldon, and Hamilton [i.e. Richard] (who was taken prisoner at the close of the battle) ..."
  76. ^ Story 1693, p. 84. "His Majesty asked him, Whether the Irish would fight any more? Yes, (said he) an't please your Majesty upon my Honour I believe they will, for they have a good Body of horse still. The King look'd a little aside at him when he named his Honour, and repeated it once or twice, Your Honour: Intimating (as He always says a great deal in a few Words) that what the other affirmed upon his Honour was not to believed, since he had forfeited that before ..."
  77. ^ Macaulay 1855, p. 634. "'Is this business over?' he said; 'or will your horse make more fight?' 'On my honour, Sir' answered Hamilton 'I believe that they will!' 'Your honour!' muttered William; 'Your honour!'"
  78. ^ Dangeau 1854b, p. 431. "Vendredi 16 [November 1691] – Le roi a consenti à l'échange de Milord Mountjoye, Irlandois, avec Richard Hamilton, frère de la comtesse de Gramont."
  79. ^ a b Clark 1921, p. 108. "In April of the next year, 1692, he [Richard Hamilton] was at last allowed to go to France and was there exchanged for Lord Mountjoy."
  80. ^ Dangeau 1855, p. 72. "Vendredi 7 à Versailles [Mai 1692] – Richard Hamilton a salué le roi qui l'a très-bien reçu; il étoit prisonnier du Prince d'Orange et a été échangé contre Milord Montjoy; il s'en va trouver le roi d'Angleterre et servira de lieutenant-général dans son armée."
  81. ^ a b Chichester 1890, p. 204, right column, line 3. "At Calais in 1696, in the hope of some attempt at restoration, James appointed him a lieutenant-general of his forces and master of the robes."
  82. ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. 38. "James II (who d. [died] 16 Sept. 1701, at St. Germains, where he was buried.) ..."
  83. ^ Dulon 1897, p. 29. "– Maladie et décès de Jacques II au Château-vieux de Saint-Germain-en-Laye."
  84. ^ a b Luttrell 1857, p. 282. "Besides the French general officers on board, he [James Francis Edward Stuart] had with him 4 of his own country, viz. Dorington, Richard Hamilton, Skelton and Galmoy;"
  85. ^ Gaspard 1871, p. 42. "Marie-Elisabeth de Grammont fut élue le 6 janvier 1695, les bulles sont du 9 de novembre de la même année. Elle est fille de Philibert, comte de Grammont, vicomte d'Aster, commandeur des ordres du roi, et d'Elisabeth d'Hamilton d'Albercorne."
  86. ^ a b Dangeau 1859, p. 216. "Richard Hamilton est mort à Poussay, chez sa nièce l'abbesse, fille de la feue comtesse de Gramont, soeur de Richard."
  87. ^ Saint-Simon 1921, pp. 238–239. "En même temps mourut aussi Richard Hamilton. ... sa demeure était Saint-Germain. Il alla mourir à Poussay, chez sa nièce, qui étoit abbesse, pauvre elle-même, mais moins pauvre que lui, pour ne pas mourir de faim."
  88. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 46. "James II. ... acc. 6 Feb. 1685 ..."
  89. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 45, line 11. "William III. ... acc. 13 Feb. 1689 ..."
  90. ^ G. E. C. 1910, p. 4. "Tabular pedigree of the Earls of Abercorn"
  91. ^ G. E. C. 1910, pp. 2–11
  92. ^ Paul 1904, pp. 37–74

Sources

Subject matter monographs:

Military offices Preceded byThe Lord Langdale Colonel of Hamilton's Regiment of Horse 1687–1688 Succeeded byJohn Coy
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