Origins and early career

The branch of the Catlyn family from which Robert Catlyn was descended was anciently seated at Raunds in Northamptonshire.^[3] The Northamptonshire Visitation of 1564 shows that he was the son of Thomas Catlyn of Leicestershire,^[4] who was the second son of Thomas Catlyn of Raunds and his wife, an heiress of the Barton family of Hargrave. The Raunds seat remained with the descendants of his uncle Robert Catlyn. He was born at Thrapston in Northamptonshire, and became a member of the Middle Temple, where he was elected reader in autumn, 1547. In October, 1555, he was admitted with six others to the degree of the coif; and on 4 November, in the following year, Philip and Mary appointed him one of their Serjeants.^[5]

Judicial advancement

Catlyn was raised to the bench as a judge of the Common Pleas on 10 October 1558, five weeks before the death of Queen Mary; and, like all the other judges, received a new patent the day after the accession of Queen Elizabeth. Previous to the following term, on the removal of the two Catholic chief justices, Catlyn was, on 22 January, promoted to the head of the court of King's Bench, in the place of Sir Edward Saunders. He was then knighted, and continued to preside as chief justice for the next sixteen years, with a high reputation for wisdom and gravity. That he was bold and independent also is apparent from a letter to Lord Burleigh, who had conveyed a message from the queen, complaining of his judgment in a suit in which the Earl of Leicester was a party, wherein he says he "dares not alter the ancient forms of court."

Trial of the Duke of Norfolk

Crown prosecutions seem to have been uncommonly rare during the early years of Elizabeth's reign. While Catlyn was chief justice, only two are mentioned in the "State Trials" and the "Baga de Secretis" adds very few more. The principal one was that of the Duke of Norfolk, in January, 1571, at which all the judges attended.^[6] The whole proceedings are minutely detailed from the report, apparently, of "Mr. Thomas Norton, who wrote down the trial on the scaffold," being, it is to be presumed, the "short-hand writer" employed by the crown. The duke being tried by his peers, neither of the chief justices interfered, except when questions of law were raised, which they decided fairly, according to the acknowledged practice of the times. On pronouncing judgment against Robert Hickford, one of the duke's servants, who pleaded guilty, Chief Justice Catlyn made him a long and eloquent speech on the heinousness of treason, thus happily referring to a passage in Chaucer's House of Fame – "As for them that seek fame by Treason, and by procuring the destruction of Princes, where shall sound that fame? Shall the golden Trump of Fame and Good Report, that Chaucer speaketh of? No; but the black Trump of Shame shall blow out their infamy for ever."^[7]

Reputation

However high the character of a judge may be, it is not to be expected that those against whom he decides will always join in his praises. In 1566, one Thomas Welsh of London was indicted in the King's Bench for saying, "My Lord Chief Justice Catlyn is incensed against me, I cannot have justice, nor can be heard; for that court now is made a court of conscience," and was fined accordingly. Camden relates that on one occasion the chief justice, having taken exception to a man who had two names, saying "no honest man had a double name, and came in with an alias," was somewhat inapplicably asked, "what exception he could take to Jesus Christ, alias Jesus of Nazareth?"

He was named an Executor in the will of Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich, together with William Bourne, Sir Gilbert Gerard and Sir William Cordell, but at probate expressly renounced his executorship.^[8]

Chief Justice Catlyn died at his seat at Newenham in Bedfordshire towards the end of 1574, when he was succeeded by Sir Christopher Wray.

Family and descendants

He married Ann, the daughter of John Boles of Wallington, Hertfordshire, and relict of John Burgoyne.^[9] By her he left an only daughter, Mary, who married first Sir John Spencer, and secondly Sir Robert Fowler. Her son by Sir John Spencer was Robert, who was created Baron Spencer of Wormleighton in 1603, from whom came the Earls of Sunderland and Dukes of Marlborough.

Sources

^ E. Foss, The Judges of England, with sketches of their Lives, 9 Vols, Vol. 5 (Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts, London 1857), pp. 471–74.
^ R. Virgoe, 'Catlyn, Richard (by 1520-56), of Norwich and Honingham, Norf. and Serjeants' Inn, London', in S.T. Bindoff (ed.), The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1509-1558 (Boydell & Brewer, 1982). History of Parliament Online
^ 'Catlyn of Raundes', in W.C. Metcalfe, The Visitations of Northamptonshire made in 1564 and 1618-19 (Mitchell & Hughes, London 1887), pp. 11, and pp. 77–78.
^ Anna, sister of the Judge, married into the Bickerton family of Beeby, Leicestershire, see J. Fetherston, The Visitation of Leicester in the year 1619 taken by William Camden, Harleian Society Vol. II (London 1870), p. 173.
^ Foss, Judges of England, Vol. V, p. 347.
^ T. Salmon, A complete collection of state-trials, and proceedings for high-treason, and other crimes and misdemeanours: from the reign of King Richard II. to the end of the reign of King George I. With two alphabetical tables to the whole, 2nd Edition (J. Walthoe sen., etc., London 1730) Vol. 1, pp. 82-120.
^ 'The Trial of Mr Robert Hickford', in T. Salmon, State trials 1730 Edition, Vol. 1, at p. 119.
^ Will of Sir Richard Ryche Lord Ryche (P.C.C. 1568).
^ Thus in Foss, Judges of England Vol. 5, p. 474, citing H. Chauncy, The Historical Antiquities of Hertfordshire, see 2nd Edition (Griffin, London 1700), Reprint (Mullinger, Bishop's Stortford 1826), Vol. 1, p. 97. This marriage does not appear in the Visitation of Northamptonshire cited above.

This article incorporates text from Foss's Judges of England, a publication now in the public domain.