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((short description|American politician (1834–1906)))
((more citations needed|date=March 2013))
((Use mdy dates|date=March 2021))
((Infobox officeholder
| name                = Robert Roberts Hitt
| image               = Robert R. Hitt, from- The Biographical record of Ogle County, Illinois (IA biographicalreco01sjcl) (page 16 crop) (3x4a).jpg
| office1             = Member of the<br>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[Illinois]]
| term_start1         = March 4, 1903
| term_end1           = September 20, 1906
| preceded1           = [[Vespasian Warner]]
| succeeded1          = [[Frank Orren Lowden]]
| constituency1       = [[Illinois' 13th congressional district|13th district]]
| term_start2         = March 3, 1895
| term_end2           = March 4, 1903
| preceded2           = [[Hamilton K. Wheeler]]
| succeeded2          = [[Henry Sherman Boutell]]
| constituency2       = [[Illinois' 9th congressional district|9th district]]
| term_start3         = March 3, 1883
| term_end3           = March 4, 1895
| preceded3           = [[Thomas J. Henderson (politician)|Thomas J. Henderson]]
| succeeded3          = [[Edward D. Cooke]]
| constituency3       = [[Illinois' 6th congressional district|6th district]]
| term_start4         = December 4, 1882
| term_end4           = March 3, 1883
| preceded4           = [[Robert M. A. Hawk]]
| succeeded4          = [[Reuben Ellwood]]
| constituency4       = [[Illinois' 5th congressional district|5th district]]
| order5              = 13th
| title5              = [[United States Assistant Secretary of State]]
| president5          = [[James A. Garfield]]<br>[[Chester A. Arthur]]
| term_start5         = May 4, 1881
| term_end5           = December 19, 1881
| predecessor5        = [[John Hay]]
| successor5          = [[J.C. Bancroft Davis]]
| birth_date          = ((birth date|1834|1|16|mf=y))
| birth_place         = [[Urbana, Ohio|Urbana]], [[Ohio]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| death_date          = ((death date and age|1906|9|20|1834|1|16|mf=y))
| death_place         = [[Narragansett Pier, Rhode Island|Narragansett Pier]], [[Rhode Island]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| party               = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| spouse              = 
| children            = [[R. S. Reynolds Hitt]]
| profession          = [[Secretary]], [[politician]]
| signature           = Signature of Robert Roberts Hitt (1834–1906).png
))

'''Robert Roberts Hitt''' (January 16, 1834 &ndash; September 20, 1906) was an American diplomat and [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] politician from [[Illinois]]. He served briefly as [[assistant secretary of state]] in the short-lived administration of [[James A. Garfield]] but resigned alongside Secretary of State [[James G. Blaine]] after Garfield's assassination in 1881. He returned to Washington to represent [[Northwestern Illinois]] in the [[United States House of Representatives]] from 1882 to his death. After 1885, he was the senior Republican on the [[House Committee on Foreign Affairs]], which he chaired from 1889 to 1891 and 1895 until his death in 1906.

==Early life==
He was born in [[Urbana, Ohio]], to Reverend Thomas Smith Hitt and Emily John Hitt. He and his parents moved to [[Mount Morris, Illinois|Mount Morris]], [[Illinois]] in 1837. He was educated at [[Mount Morris College|Rock River Seminary]] and [[De Pauw University]].((citation needed|date=February 2022))

He became a very close friend of future [[President of the United States]] [[Abraham Lincoln]].((when|date=February 2022))((citation needed|date=February 2022)) As an expert shorthand writer, Hitt served as a note-taker for Lincoln during the famous [[Lincoln–Douglas debates]] of 1858.((citation needed|date=February 2022))

In 1872, Hitt was a personal secretary for [[Indiana]] [[United States Senate|Senator]] [[Oliver P. Morton]].

==Diplomatic career==
In December 1874, President [[Ulysses S. Grant]] appointed Hitt as First Secretary of the American Legation in [[Paris]]. He served from 1874 to 1881 and was Chargé d'Affaires during part of his term.

===Assistant U.S. Secretary of State (1881)===
[[File:Foundry Gallery.JPG|thumb|left|Hitt's former home in Washington, D.C.]]
He was [[United States Assistant Secretary of State]] under [[James G. Blaine]] during President [[James A. Garfield]] and President [[Chester A. Arthur]]'s Administrations in 1881.

==U.S. Representative (1882–1906)==
Hitt was elected to represent [[Illinois]]' 5th district in the [[United States House of Representatives]] in [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1882|1882]]. Hitt became Chairman of the [[United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs|Committee on Foreign Affairs]] at the beginning of the [[51st United States Congress|Fifty-first Congress]] and from the [[54th United States Congress|Fifty-fourth]] to [[59th United States Congress|Fifty-ninth]] Congresses.<ref name="cd">((cite web |title=S. Doc. 58-1 - Fifty-eighth Congress. (Extraordinary session -- beginning November 9, 1903.) Official Congressional Directory for the use of the United States Congress. Compiled under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing by A.J. Halford. Special edition. Corrections made to November 5, 1903 |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/SERIALSET-04562_00_00-001-0001-0000 |website=GovInfo.gov |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |access-date=2 July 2023 |pages=22–23 |date=9 November 1903))</ref>

When the [[Chinese Exclusion Act]] of 1882 came up for renewal in 1892, he argued against the alien documentation provisions of the bill: "Never before in a free country was there such a system of tagging a man, like a dog to be caught by the police and examined, and if his tag or collar is not all right, taken to the pound or drowned and shot. Never before was it applied by a free people to a human being, with the exception (which we can never refer to with pride) of the sad days of slavery. …"<ref>23 Cong. Rec. 3923 (1892).</ref>

He was appointed in July 1898, by President [[William McKinley]], as a member of the commission created by the [[Newlands Resolution]] to establish government in the [[Territory of Hawaii]].

During the last years of his life, he was Regent of the [[Smithsonian Institution]].

==Death and legacy==
He died on September 20, 1906. He is buried in Oakwood Cemetery in Mount Morris, Illinois, along with his parents.

Hitt is the namesake of the community of [[Hitt, Missouri]].<ref>((cite web | url=http://shsmo.org/manuscripts/ramsay/ramsay_scotland.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624070408/http://shsmo.org/manuscripts/ramsay/ramsay_scotland.html | archive-date=June 24, 2016 | url-status=live | title=Scotland County Place Names, 1928–1945 | publisher=The State Historical Society of Missouri | access-date=December 23, 2016 ))</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)]]

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
((CongBio|H000649))
*[http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t1gh9m87d;view=1up;seq=7 Robert Roberts Hitt, late a representative from Illinois, Memorial addresses delivered in the House of Representatives and Senate frontispiece 1907]

((s-start))
((s-off))
((succession box |
  before= [[John Hay]]  |
  title= [[United States Assistant Secretary of State]] |
  years= May 4, 1881 &ndash; December 19, 1881 |
  after= [[J.C. Bancroft Davis]]
))
((s-par|us-hs))
((US House succession box
| state=Illinois
| district=5
| before=[[Robert M. A. Hawk]]
| after=[[Reuben Ellwood]]
| years=December 4, 1882 &ndash; March 4, 1883
))
((US House succession box
| state=Illinois
| district=6
| before=[[Thomas J. Henderson (politician)|Thomas J. Henderson]]
| after=[[Edward D. Cooke]]
| years=March 4, 1883 &ndash; March 4, 1895
))
((US House succession box
| state=Illinois
| district=9
| before=[[Hamilton K. Wheeler]]
| after=[[Henry Sherman Boutell]]
| years=March 4, 1895 &ndash; March 3, 1903
))
((US House succession box
| state=Illinois
| district=13
| before=[[Vespasian Warner]]
| after=[[Frank Orren Lowden]]
| years=March 4, 1903 &ndash; September 20, 1906
))
((s-end))
((US House Foreign Affairs chairs))
((USCongRep-start|congresses= 47th–59th [[United States Congress]]es |state=[[Illinois]]))
((USCongRep/IL/47))
((USCongRep/IL/48))
((USCongRep/IL/49))
((USCongRep/IL/50))
((USCongRep/IL/51))
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((USCongRep/IL/56))
((USCongRep/IL/57))
((USCongRep/IL/58))
((USCongRep/IL/59))
((USCongRep-end))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Hitt, Robert R.))
[[Category:United States Assistant Secretaries of State]]
[[Category:1834 births]]
[[Category:1906 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Mount Morris, Illinois]]
[[Category:Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois]]
[[Category:DePaul University alumni]]
[[Category:19th-century American legislators]]

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