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((Use dmy dates|date=April 2022))
((more citations needed|date=February 2019))
((Anthropology))
'''Rodney Needham''' (15 May 1923 – 4 December 2006 in [[Oxford]]) was an English [[social anthropology|social anthropologist]].

Born '''Rodney Phillip Needham Green''', he changed his name in 1947; the following year he married Maud Claudia (Ruth) Brysz.<ref name="Guardian">((cite news |last1=Barnes |first1=RH |title=Rodney Needham |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2007/jan/16/guardianobituaries.obituaries1 |access-date=18 February 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=16 January 2007))</ref><ref name="Telegraph">((cite news |title=Rodney Needham |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1536732/Rodney-Needham.html |access-date=18 February 2019 |work=The Telegraph |date=13 December 2006))</ref> The couple would collaborate on several works, including an English translation of Robert Hertz's ''Death and the Right Hand.''<ref>((Cite book|title=The modern anthropology of South-East Asia : an introduction|last=King, Victor T.|date=2003|publisher=RoutledgeCurzon|isbn=0415297516|pages=126|oclc=50252070))</ref><ref name="MCreg">((cite book|editor1-last=Levens|editor1-first=R.G.C.|title=Merton College Register 1900–1964|date=1964|publisher=Basil Blackwell|location=Oxford|page=393))</ref>

His [[fieldwork]] was with the [[Penan]] of [[Borneo]] (1951-2) and the Siwang of [[Malaysia]] (1953-5).<ref name="Telegraph"/> His [[Doctor of Philosophy|doctoral]] thesis on the Penan was accepted in 1953.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dd458d68-50ab-4cd3-be39-5a70c4df7bee|title=ORA Thesis: "The social organisation of the Penan"|website=ora.ox.ac.uk|publisher=Oxford Research Archive|language=en|access-date=2017-03-23))</ref> He was University Lecturer in Social Anthropology, [[Oxford University]], 1956–76;<ref name="MCreg" /> Professor of Social Anthropology, Oxford, 1976–90; Official Fellow, [[Merton College, Oxford]], 1971–75; and Fellow, [[All Souls College]], Oxford, 1976-90.<ref name="Guardian"/><ref name="Telegraph"/>

Together with [[Edmund Leach]] and [[Mary Douglas]], Needham brought [[structuralism]] from France and anglicised it in the process. A prolific scholar, he was also a teacher and a rediscoverer of neglected figures in the history of his discipline, such as [[Arnold Van Gennep]] and [[Robert Hertz]].

Among other things, he contributed to the study of [[family resemblance]], introducing the terms "monothetic" and "polythetic" into anthropology.

He had two children, one of whom, [[Tristan Needham|Tristan]], became a professor of mathematics.

==Bibliography==
*1962 ''Structure and sentiment''
*1971 ''Rethinking kinship and marriage''
*1972 ''Belief, language and experience''
*1973 ''Right and left. Essays on dual symbolic classification''
*1974 ''Remarks and inventions – Skeptical essays about kinship''
*1975 ''Polythetic classification: Convergence and consequences''
*1978 ''Primordial characters''
*1978 ''Essential perplexities''
*1979 ''Symbolic classification''
*1980 ''Reconnaissances'', U. of Toronto Press, ((ISBN|0-8020-2365-7))
*1981 ''[http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft6c6006tn/?&query=&brand=ucpress Circumstantial deliveries]'', Berkeley: University of California Press, ((ISBN|0-585-28111-4))
*1983 ''Against the tranquility of axioms''
*1983 ''Sumba and the slave trade ''
*1985 ''Exemplars'', Berkeley: University of California Press, ((ISBN|0-520-05200-5)) 
*1987 ''Counterpoints''
*1987 ''Mamboru, history and structure in a domain of Northwestern Sumba''

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
* [https://www.sms.cam.ac.uk/media/1126855 Filmed in Canberra in 1979 by Timothy Asch, in conversation with James J. Fox.]
*Obituaries: 
**[https://www.theguardian.com/obituaries/story/0,,1991060,00.html The Guardian]
**[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1536732/Rodney-Needham.html The Telegraph]
**[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/rodney-needham-428191.html The Independent]
**[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article1403456.ece The Times]
* [https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dd458d68-50ab-4cd3-be39-5a70c4df7bee Full text of doctoral thesis, "The social organisation of the Penan"] via Oxford Research Archive
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Needham, Rodney))
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:English anthropologists]]
[[Category:Social anthropologists]]
[[Category:Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences fellows]]
[[Category:Alumni of Merton College, Oxford]]


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