The Rolls-Royce Trent 800 is a high-bypass turbofan produced by Rolls-Royce plc, one of the engine options for the early Boeing 777 variants.
Launched in September 1991, it first ran in September 1993, was granted EASA certification on 27 January 1995, and entered service in 1996.
It reached a 40% market share, ahead of the competing PW4000 and GE90, and the last Trent 800-powered 777 was delivered in 2010.
The Trent 800 has the Trent family three shaft architecture, with a 280 cm (110 in) fan.
With a 6.4:1 bypass ratio and an overall pressure ratio reaching 40.7:1, it generates up to 413.4 kN (92,940 lbf) of thrust.
Development
Rear view of a 777 nacelle with separate core and bypass flows
By 1990, as Boeing was studying the enlarged 767-X, Rolls-Royce was proposing its Trent engine with a larger 110 in (280 cm) fan driven by a new, bigger LP turbine, a modified IP compressor and no exhaust mixer.
It would attain 75,000 to 85,000 lbf (330 to 380 kN), to be certified in early 1995 for a mid-1995 introduction, with growth potential to 90,000–95,000 lbf (400–420 kN) with a new HP core.[2]
After being rebuffed by British Airways, Rolls-Royce launched the Trent 800 in September 1991 with a £250 million ($432.5 million) order from Thai Airways to power 15 Boeing 777s, certification was then planned for 1995 and first deliveries for January 1996.[3]
Certification was applied for on 2 April 1992.[4]
By September 1992, its fan was to be tested in December and a full test was planned for September 1993.[1]
Certification was granted by the EASA on 27 January 1995.[4]
The first Boeing 777 with Trent 800 engines flew on 26 May 1995 and ETOPS approval was granted by the FAA on 10 October 1996.[5]
The Trent 800 entered service on the Boeing 777 in 1996,[6] with Thai Airways on 31 March.
In 1995, the Trent 800 won a large order from Singapore Airlines, a traditional Pratt & Whitney customer.[7]
In 1996, Rolls-Royce had a 32% market share, above GE but behind PW.[7]
By June 1998, the 33 aircraft fleet had a Trent 800 dispatch reliability over 99.96%.[8]
By July 1999, Rolls had won 45% of all engine orders for the 777.[9]
The Trent 800 later reached a 40% share of the engine market on the 777 variants for which it is available.[10]
The Singapore order was followed by large orders from American Airlines and Delta Air Lines. British Airways announced in September 1998 that it was returning to Rolls-Royce for its second batch of 777s, and did so again in April 2007.[citation needed]
Other major operators include Air New Zealand and Kenya Airways.
The last Trent 800-powered 777 was delivered in 2010.[11]
The later -300ER, -200LR, 777F, Boeing 777X-8 and -9 are powered exclusively by GE Aviation engines.
As of 2014, Rolls-Royce is offering an upgraded version of the engine, known as the Trent 800EP. It incorporates technology from Trent 1000 and Trent XWB engines including elliptical leading edges on intermediate- and high-pressure compressor blades. Rolls-Royce claims that it provides a 0.7% fuel-burn benefit.[12]
Design
The 280 cm (110 in) fan has 26 wide chord titanium fan blades.[7]
The Trent 800 is an axial flow, high bypass turbofan with three coaxial shafts.
The fan is driven by a 5-stage axial LP turbine (3300 rpm), the 8-stage IP compressor (7000 rpm) and the 6-stage HP compressor (10611 rpm) are each powered by a single stage turbine.
It has an annular combustor with 24 fuel nozzles and is controlled by an EEC.
The engine has a 6.4:1 bypass ratio in cruise and an overall pressure ratio of 33.9 to 40.7:1 at sea level, for a 340.6–413.4 kN (76,580–92,940 lbf) take-off thrust.[4]
The 280 cm (110 in) fan has 26 diffusion bonded, wide chord titanium fan blades.[7]
Rolls-Royce claims it is the lightest Boeing 777 engine, citing a 8,000 lb (3.6 t) weight saving over the GE90 and 5,400–6,500 lb (2.4–2.9 t) over the PW4000.[10] The Trent 800 weighs 6.078 t (13,400 lb) dry,[4] while the GE90 is 17,400 lb (7.89 t),[13] and the PW4000 is 16,260 lb (7.38 t).[14]
On 17 January 2008, a British Airways Boeing 777-236ER, operating as BA038 from Beijing to London, crash-landed at Heathrow after both Trent 800 engines lost power during the aircraft's final approach. The subsequent investigation found that ice released from the fuel system had accumulated on the fuel-oil heat exchanger, leading to a restriction of fuel flow to the engines.[15] On 26 November 2008, Delta Air Lines Flight 18 from Shanghai to Atlanta, a Trent 895-powered Boeing 777, experienced an "uncommanded rollback" of one engine while in cruise at 39,000 feet (12,000 m). The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) concluded the cause of both incidents was the same - ice clogging the inlet side of the fuel-oil heat exchanger (FOHE) of the affected engines.[16]
These incidents, along with a similar incident in May of 2009 involving an Airbus A330 with Rolls Royce Trent-700 engines, resulted in Airworthiness Directives mandating the replacement of the fuel-oil heat exchangers in similar Rolls Royce Trent series engines.[17] Rolls-Royce developed a modification to prevent the problem recurring that involved replacing a face plate that had many small protruding tubes with one that is flat.[18][19]
Engines on display
Rolls-Royce Trent 800 at Imperial War Museum Duxford
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