Roman Africa may refer to the following areas of Northern Africa which were part of the Imperium Romanum and/or the Western/Byzantine successor empires :

in the unified Roman empire

• Africa (Roman province), with the great metropolis Carthage
  • later restricted to Africa Proconsularis (which would be split into Tripolitania, Africa Byzacena and Africa Zeugitana) after the detachment of Numidia
• the whole of Roman North Africa, stretching from Egypt, with the greatest metropolis Alexandria, and Cyrenaica to the east of above Africa proper to the westernmost provinces in Mauretania

later

• Diocese of Africa, from Diocletian's tetrarchy reform till the Vandal conquest, under the (Western) Praetorian prefecture of Italy
• the early-Byzantine Praetorian prefecture of Africa
• the later Byzantine Exarchate of Africa
• Byzantine North Africa