Romford
Borough constituency
for the House of Commons
Outline map
Boundary of Romford in Greater London for the 2010 general election
CountyGreater London
Population107,064 (2020 mid-year estimate)
Electorate72,350 (2019)
Current constituency
Created1885
Member of ParliamentAndrew Rosindell (Conservative)
SeatsOne
Created fromSouth Essex
During its existence contributed to new seat(s) of:

Romford is a constituency[n 1] in Greater London represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2001 by Andrew Rosindell, a Conservative.[n 2]

It was created in 1885 and was subject to significant changes in boundaries in 1918 and 1945. It initially covered a huge swathe of what is now East London, with parts of the constituency progressively removed as they experienced significant increases in population as London expanded. The constituency has more or less coincided with the town of Romford since 1955.

Boundaries

Map
Map of current boundaries

1885–1918: The Liberty of Havering-atte-Bower, and part of the Sessional Division of Becontree.

1918–1945: The Urban Districts of Barking and Romford, and the Rural District of Romford.

1945–1950: The Borough of Romford.

1950–1955: The Borough of Romford, and the Urban District of Brentwood.

1955–1974: The Borough of Romford.

1974–1983: The London Borough of Havering wards of Bedfords, Central, Collier Row, Gidea Park, Heath Park, Mawney, and Oldchurch.

1983–1997: The London Borough of Havering wards of Brooklands, Chase Cross, Collier Row, Gidea Park, Heath Park, Mawney, Oldchurch, Rise Park, and St Edward's.

1997–2010: The London Borough of Havering wards of Ardleigh Green, Brooklands, Chase Cross, Collier Row, Gidea Park, Heath Park, Mawney, Oldchurch, Rise Park, and St Edward's.

2010–present: The London Borough of Havering wards of Brooklands, Havering Park, Hylands, Mawneys, Pettits, Romford Town, and Squirrel's Heath.

Proposed

Further to the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, which was based on the ward boundaries in place at 1 December 2020, and enacted by the Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023, the composition of the constituency from the next general election, due by January 2025, will be expanded slightly to include parts of the Emerson Park ward, primarily that part of polling district EM2 to the west of the River Ravensbourne.[1]

History

This seat was created in the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885. It included the civil parishes of Havering-atte-Bower, Hornchurch and Romford which together formed the Liberty of Havering-atte-Bower, combined with Barking (including Great Ilford), Dagenham, East Ham, Little Ilford and Wanstead. The 1918 revision removed the populous county borough of East Ham (including Little Ilford) and the municipal borough of Ilford. Wanstead became part of the Epping constituency. The parishes of Cranham, Great Warley and Upminster were gained from Chelmsford and Rainham and Wennington were gained from South East Essex. The Romford constituency then comprised the parishes of Barking, Cranham, Dagenham, Great Warley, Havering-atte-Bower, Hornchurch, Noak Hill, Rainham, Romford, Upminster and Wennington.

At the 1935 general election there were 167,939 people registered to vote, making Romford the largest constituency in the country. By 1939 this had risen to 207,101, although Hendon had become larger.[2] The House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1944 caused the constituency to be divided. The revised boundary coincided with the municipal borough of Romford, which had been enlarged in the 1930s to include Havering-atte-Bower and Noak Hill. The Brentwood Urban District, which had been expanded in the 1930s to include Hutton, Ingrave and South Weald, was included in the constituency from 1950 to 1955. Harold Hill was removed from the constituency in 1974. The constituency shared boundaries with the Romford electoral division for election of councillors to the Greater London Council at elections in 1973, 1977 and 1981. Subsequent boundary revisions have been relatively minor, with Ardleigh Green gained from Upminster in 1997 and Hylands gained from Hornchurch in 2010.

Constituency profile

The constituency created in 1885 covered a large swathe of what became East London. The population of East Ham, which included Thameside docks and industry, increased from 9,713 in 1881 to 133,487 in 1911. Ilford, a prosperous railway suburb further from London, went from a population of 7,645 in 1881 to 78,188 in 1911. The 1918 revision removed these urbanised places, replacing them with the rural parishes of Cranham (population 489 in 1911), Wennington (364) and the semi-rural Great Warley (2,051), Rainham (1,972) and Upminster (2,468). It was now a much more sparsely populated constituency, aside from the ancient market towns of Barking (31,294) and Romford (16,970) and the pre-First World War housing estates at Emerson Park, Romford Garden Suburb and Upminster Garden Suburb.

During the interwar period the large London County Council estate at Becontree was constructed with around 23,000 homes in the parishes of Barking and Dagenham. The Thameside part of the constituency was industrial and included the Ford Dagenham plant. There was suburban housing growth in most parishes, including some large estates such as Elm Park Garden City. Barking, Dagenham and Romford were incorporated as boroughs and rural parishes had been eliminated by 1934.

The 1945 revision left the constituency with the town of Romford, the Collier Row and Gidea Park suburbs and the more rural Havering-atte-Bower and Noak Hill. The inclusion of Brentwood Urban District in the constituency between 1950 and 1955 added the town of Brentwood and its rural hinterland. Romford Borough Council built post-Second World War estates at Collier Row, Chase Cross and Rise Park. Another large London County Council estate of 25,000 homes was constructed at Harold Hill and completed in 1958. The constituency became part of the London Borough of Havering in Greater London in 1965. The 1974 revision removed the Harold Hill estate from the constituency. The addition of Ardleigh Green in 1997 and Hylands in 2010 further expanded the interwar suburban part of the constituency.

The 2020 mid-year population estimate for the constituency was 107,064.[3]

Members of Parliament

Sir John Bethell

Although Romford has been highly marginal in terms of majorities obtained through much of the 20th century, its boundaries have changed significantly. It has been Conservative since the February 1974 general election, except for the 1997 landslide. It was one of the few Conservative gains in 2001 with increasingly safe majorities since. The 2015 result made the seat the 157th safest of the Conservative Party's 331 seats by percentage of majority.[4]

Election Member Party
1885 John Westlake Liberal
1886 James Theobald Conservative
1894 by-election Alfred Wigram Conservative
1897 by-election Louis Sinclair Conservative
1906 John Bethell Liberal
1918 Albert Edward Martin National Liberal
1922 National Liberal
1923 Charles Rhys Conservative
1929 H. T. Muggeridge Labour
1931 W. G. Hutchison Conservative
1935 John Parker Labour
1945 Thomas Macpherson Labour
1950 John Lockwood Conservative
1955 Ron Ledger Labour Co-op
1970 Dick Leonard Labour
Feb 1974 Michael Neubert Conservative
1997 Eileen Gordon Labour
2001 Andrew Rosindell Conservative

Elections

Elections in the 2020s

Next general election: Romford
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Andrew Rosindell[5]
Reform UK Philip Hyde[6]
Majority
Turnout

Elections in the 2010s

General election 2019: Romford[7][8]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Andrew Rosindell 30,494 64.6 +5.2
Labour Angelina Leatherbarrow 12,601 26.7 -5.1
Liberal Democrats Ian Sanderson 2,708 5.7 +3.3
Green David Hughes 1,428 3.0 +1.4
Majority 17,893 37.9 +10.3
Turnout 47,231 65.3 -2.7
Registered electors 72,350
Conservative hold Swing +5.1
General election 2017: Romford[9][10]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Andrew Rosindell 29,671 59.4 +8.4
Labour Angelina Leatherbarrow 15,893 31.8 +10.9
UKIP Andrew Beadle 2,350 4.7 -18.1
Liberal Democrats Ian Sanderson 1,215 2.4 -0.5
Green David Hughes 815 1.6 -0.9
Majority 13,778 27.6 -0.6
Turnout 49,944 68.0 +0.3
Registered electors 73,493
Conservative hold Swing -1.4
General election 2015: Romford[11][12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Andrew Rosindell 25,067 51.0 −5.0
UKIP Gerard Batten 11,208 22.8 +18.4
Labour Sam Gould 10,268 20.9 +1.4
Liberal Democrats Ian Sanderson[13] 1,413 2.9 −9.1
Green Lorna Tooley[14] 1,222 2.5 +1.5
Majority 13,859 28.2 −8.3
Turnout 49,178 67.7 +2.4
Registered electors 72,594
Conservative hold Swing −11.7
General election 2010: Romford[15][16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Andrew Rosindell 26,031 56.0 −1.7
Labour Rachel Voller 9,077 19.5 −9.5
Liberal Democrats Helen Duffett 5,572 12.0 +3.6
BNP Robert Bailey 2,438 5.2 +2.2
UKIP Gerard Batten 2,050 4.4 +2.2
English Democrat Peter Thorogood 603 1.3 New
Green Gerry Haines 447 1.0 New
Independent Philip Hyde 151 0.3 New
Independent David Sturman 112 0.2 New
Majority 16,954 36.5 +4.7
Turnout 46,481 65.3 +3.3
Registered electors 71,306
Conservative hold Swing +3.94

Elections in the 2000s

General election 2005: Romford[17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Andrew Rosindell 21,560 59.1 +6.1
Labour Margaret Mullane 9,971 27.3 −9.0
Liberal Democrats Geoff M. Seeff 3,066 8.4 +0.4
BNP John McCaffrey 1,088 3.0 +1.8
UKIP Terry P. Murray 797 2.2 +0.7
Majority 11,589 31.8 +15.1
Turnout 36,482 62.3 +2.7
Registered electors 58,540
Conservative hold Swing +7.5
General election 2001: Romford[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Andrew Rosindell 18,931 53.0 +11.4
Labour Eileen Gordon 12,954 36.3 −6.9
Liberal Democrats Nigel Meyer 2,869 8.0 +0.1
UKIP Steven Ward 533 1.5 New
BNP Frank McAllister 414 1.2 0.0
Majority 5,977 16.7 N/A
Turnout 35,701 59.6 -11.5
Registered electors 59,893
Conservative gain from Labour Swing +9.2

Elections in the 1990s

General election 1997: Romford[19]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Eileen Gordon 18,187 43.2 +13.7
Conservative Michael Neubert 17,538 41.6 −15.0
Liberal Democrats Nigel Meyer 3,341 7.9 −4.8
Referendum Steven Ward 1,431 3.4 New
Liberal Terry E. Hurlstone 1,100 2.6 New
BNP Michael J. Carey 522 1.2 New
Majority 649 1.6 N/A
Turnout 42,119 71.1 −6.9
Registered electors 59,276
Labour gain from Conservative Swing +15.6
General election 1992: Romford[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Michael Neubert 23,834 56.6 +0.6
Labour Eileen Gordon 12,414 29.5 +6.7
Liberal Democrats Pat A. Atherton 5,329 12.7 −7.5
Green Frederick Gibson 546 1.3 +0.3
Majority 11,420 27.1 -6.1
Turnout 42,123 78.0 +5.1
Registered electors 54,001
Conservative hold Swing -3.7

Elections in the 1980s

General election 1987: Romford[21]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Michael Neubert 22,745 56.0 +2.6
Labour Nigel Smith 9,274 22.8 +3.5
Liberal John Bates 8,195 20.2 −6.0
Green Frederick Gibson 385 1.0 New
Majority 13,471 33.2 +6.0
Turnout 40,599 72.9 +3.1
Registered electors 55,668
Conservative hold Swing -0.5
General election 1983: Romford[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Michael Neubert 20,771 53.4 −0.4
Liberal John Bates 10,197 26.2 +14.8
Labour Jack Hoepelman 7,494 19.3 −13.6
National Front Madelaine P. Caine 432 1.1 −0.8
Majority 10,574 27.2 +6.3
Turnout 38,894 69.8 -6.81
Registered electors 55,758
Conservative hold Swing -7.6

Elections in the 1970s

General election 1979: Romford
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Michael Neubert 22,714 53.76 +10.35
Labour Suzanne Bartlett[23] 13,902 32.90 -3.80
Liberal John Hayward Bates 4,818 11.40 -7.98
National Front Madelaine P. Caine 820 1.94 New
Majority 8,812 20.86 +14.15
Turnout 42,254 76.61 +5.16
Registered electors 55,154
Conservative hold Swing +7.1
General election October 1974: Romford
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Michael Neubert 17,164 43.41 +4.25
Labour D.R. O'Flynn 14,513 36.70 +4.57
Liberal Terry E. Hurlstone 7,663 19.38 -8.48
PEOPLE L. C. H. Sampson 200 0.51 New
Majority 2,651 6.71 -0.32
Turnout 39,540 71.45 -8.42
Registered electors 55,337
Conservative hold Swing -0.2
General election February 1974: Romford
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Michael Neubert 17,134 39.16 -8.24
Labour D.R. O'Flynn 14,061 32.13 -20.47
Liberal Terry E. Hurlstone 12,190 27.86 N/A
Independent E. Bates 374 0.85 N/A
Majority 3,073 7.03 N/A
Turnout 43,759 79.87 +13.11
Registered electors 54,790
Conservative gain from Labour Swing +6.1
General election 1970: Romford
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Richard Leonard 27,899 52.60 -4.81
Conservative Michael Neubert 25,139 47.40 +4.81
Majority 2,760 5.20 -9.62
Turnout 53,038 66.76 -8.68
Registered electors 79,448
Labour hold Swing +4.8

Elections in the 1960s

General election 1966: Romford
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Co-op Ron Ledger 31,221 57.41 +9.90
Conservative Brian James Higgs 23,160 42.59 +5.75
Majority 8,061 14.82 +4.15
Turnout 54,381 75.44 -2.32
Registered electors 72,089
Labour Co-op hold Swing +2.1
General election 1964: Romford
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Co-op Ron Ledger 27,143 47.51 +4.00
Conservative Antony T.R. Fletcher 21,046 36.84 -5.64
Liberal Douglas Geary 8,133 14.24 +0.23
Ratepayer Edgar Bates 811 1.42 New
Majority 6,097 10.67 +9.64
Turnout 56,322 77.76 -2.61
Registered electors 73,473
Labour Co-op hold Swing +4.8

Elections in the 1950s

General election 1959: Romford
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Co-op Ron Ledger 25,558 43.51 -9.01
Conservative Richard Jon Stanley Harvey 24,951 42.48 -5.00
Liberal Douglas Geary 8,228 14.01 New
Majority 607 1.03 -4.02
Turnout 58,737 80.37 +5.91
Registered electors 73,082
Labour Co-op hold Swing
General election 1955: Romford
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Co-op Ron Ledger 27,326 52.52 +3.52
Conservative Richard Jon Stanley Harvey 24,701 47.48 -3.52
Majority 2,625 5.04 N/A
Turnout 52,027 75.46 -8.35
Registered electors 68,942
Labour Co-op gain from Conservative Swing
General election 1951: Romford
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Lockwood 33,120 51.00 +4.90
Labour Arthur Creech Jones 31,822 49.00 +5.10
Majority 1,298 2.00 -0.20
Turnout 64,942 83.81 -1.89
Registered electors 77,483
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1950: Romford[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Lockwood 27,656 46.1 +11.26
Labour Thomas Macpherson 26,387 43.9 -8.93
Liberal Norman Clarke 6,014 10.0 -2.31
Majority 1,269 2.2 N/A
Turnout 60,057 85.7 +11.08
Registered electors 70,204
Conservative gain from Labour Swing

Elections in the 1940s

General election 1945: Romford
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Thomas Macpherson 16,979 52.83 -1.20
Conservative Montague Lavander Berryman 11,202 34.86 -11.11
Liberal Henry John G Hare 3,957 12.31 New
Majority 5,777 17.97 +9.91
Turnout 32,138 74.62 +13.21
Registered electors 43,070
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1930s

General election 1935: Romford
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour John Parker 55,723 54.03 +15.49
Conservative William Hutchison 47,416 45.97 -15.49
Majority 8,307 8.06 N/A
Turnout 103,139 61.41 -3.90
Registered electors 167,939
Labour gain from Conservative Swing
General election 1931: Romford
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Hutchison 50,097 61.46 +16.56
Labour H. T. Muggeridge 31,410 38.54 -6.36
Majority 18,687 22.92 N/A
Turnout 81,507 65.31 -4.79
Registered electors 124,795
Conservative gain from Labour Swing

Elections in the 1920s

General election 1929: Romford [25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour H. T. Muggeridge 31,045 44.9 +6.6
Unionist Charles Rhys 22,525 32.6 -12.0
Liberal Arthur F Wood 15,527 22.5 +5.4
Majority 8,520 12.3 N/A
Turnout 69,097 70.1 -4.4
Registered electors 98,577
Labour gain from Unionist Swing +9.3
General election 1924: Romford [25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Charles Rhys 15,520 44.6 +8.8
Labour Albert Emil Davies 13,312 38.3 +4.4
Liberal David Marshall Mason 5,957 17.1 -13.2
Majority 2,208 6.3 +4.4
Turnout 34,789 74.5 +13.1
Registered electors 46,708
Unionist hold Swing +2.2
General election 1923: Romford [25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Charles Rhys 9,585 35.8 New
Labour Albert Emil Davies 9,109 33.9 -7.6
Liberal David Marshall Mason 8,144 30.3 -28.2
Majority 476 1.9 N/A
Turnout 26,838 61.4 +2.2
Registered electors 43,715
Unionist gain from National Liberal Swing N/A
General election 1922: Romford [25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Liberal Albert Edward Martin 14,070 58.5 +1.0
Labour Albert Emil Davies 9,967 41.5 +13.4
Majority 4,103 17.0 -12.4
Turnout 24,037 59.2 +10.8
Registered electors 40,597
National Liberal gain from Liberal Swing N/A

Elections in the 1910s

General election 1918: Romford [25][26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
C Liberal Albert Edward Martin 10,300 57.5 +3.5
Labour Walter H. Letts 5,044 28.1 New
National Socialist Party Arthur Whiting 2,580 14.4 New
Majority 5,256 29.4 +21.4
Turnout 17,924 48.4 -28.9
Registered electors 37,055
Liberal hold Swing N/A
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.
General election December 1910: Romford [27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal John Bethell 22,119 54.0 +1.8
Conservative Peter Griggs 18,850 46.0 -1.8
Majority 3,269 8.0 +3.6
Turnout 40,969 77.3 -6.5
Registered electors 53,002
Liberal hold Swing +1.8
General election January 1910: Romford [27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal John Bethell 23,181 52.2 -10.7
Conservative G.H. Williamson 21,224 47.8 +10.7
Majority 1,957 4.4 -21.4
Turnout 44,405 83.8 +8.7
Registered electors 53,002
Liberal hold Swing -10.7

Elections in the 1900s

General election 1906: Romford [27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal John Bethell 21,534 62.9 +21.5
Conservative Louis Sinclair 12,679 37.1 -21.5
Majority 8,855 25.8 N/A
Turnout 34,213 75.1 +14.3
Registered electors 45,579
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +21.5
General election 1900: Romford [27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Louis Sinclair 10,450 58.6 +2.4
Liberal L. R. Holland 7,388 41.4 0.0
Majority 3,062 17.2 +4.8
Turnout 17,838 60.8 -9.9
Registered electors 29,316
Conservative hold Swing +2.4

Elections in the 1890s

1897 Romford by-election: Romford [27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Louis Sinclair 8,156 50.4 -5.8
Liberal Herbert Raphael 8,031 49.6 +5.8
Majority 125 0.8 -11.6
Turnout 16,187 69.0 -1.7
Registered electors 23,475
Conservative hold Swing -5.8
General election 1895: Romford [27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Alfred Wigram 8,257 56.2 +1.4
Liberal John Bethell 6,430 41.4 -3.8
Majority 1,827 12.4 +2.8
Turnout 14,687 70.7 -2.5
Registered electors 20,779
Conservative hold Swing +1.4
1894 Romford by-election: Romford [27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Alfred Wigram 7,573 52.4 -2.4
Liberal John Bethell 6,890 47.6 +2.4
Majority 683 4.8 -4.8
Turnout 14,463 76.0 +2.8
Registered electors 19,040
Conservative hold Swing -2.4
General election 1892: Romford [27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative James Theobald 6,724 54.8 -2.0
Liberal Herbert Raphael 5,542 45.2 +21.6
Majority 1,182 9.6 -23.6
Turnout 12,266 73.2 +14.1
Registered electors 16,750
Conservative hold Swing -11.8

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1886: Romford [27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative James Theobald 4,233 56.8 +7.2
Liberal James Hume Webster[28] 1,755 23.6 -26.8
Liberal Unionist John Westlake 1,457 19.6 New
Majority 2,478 33.2 N/A
Turnout 7,445 59.1 -9.8
Registered electors 12,591
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +17.0
General election 1885: Romford [27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal John Westlake 4,370 50.4
Conservative James Theobald 4,306 49.6
Majority 64 0.8
Turnout 8,676 68.9
Registered electors 12,591
Liberal win (new seat)

Boundary changes

Previous constituency Year Area Year Subsequent constituency
South Essex 1885 East Ham 1918 East Ham North, East Ham South
South Essex 1885 Ilford 1918 Ilford
South Essex 1885 Little Ilford 1918 East Ham North
South Essex 1885 Wanstead 1918 Epping
South Essex 1885 Barking 1945 Barking
South Essex 1885 Dagenham 1945 Dagenham
South Essex 1885 Hornchurch 1945 Hornchurch
South Essex 1885 Noak Hill/Harold Hill 1974 Upminster
South Essex 1885 Romford, Havering-atte-Bower 1974 Current Romford constituency
South East Essex 1918 Rainham, Wennington 1945 Hornchurch
Chelmsford 1918 Cranham, Great Warley, Upminster 1945 Hornchurch
Chelmsford 1950 Brentwood 1955 Billericay

See also

Notes

  1. ^ A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer).
  2. ^ As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.

References

  1. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023". Schedule 1 Part 3 London region.
  2. ^ Rallings, Colin; Thrasher, Michael (2 March 2017). British Electoral Facts 1832-2006. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781351954648.
  3. ^ "Parliamentary constituency population estimates". Office for National Statistics. 16 September 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  4. ^ "Conservative Members of Parliament 2015". UK Political.info. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  5. ^ "Tory MP Andrew Rosindell has not attended parliament for more than a year since arrest". The Times. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  6. ^ "Find My PPC" (PDF). Reform UK. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  7. ^ "Romford Parliamentary constituency". BBC News. BBC. Archived from the original on 13 June 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  8. ^ "Commons Briefing Paper 8749. General Election 2019: results and analysis" (PDF). London: House of Commons Library. 28 January 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  9. ^ "Romford parliamentary constituency". BBC News. Archived from the original on 13 June 2017. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
  10. ^ "Commons Briefing Paper 7979. General Election 2017: results and analysis" (PDF) (Second ed.). House of Commons Library. 29 January 2019 [7 April 2018]. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2019.
  11. ^ "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  12. ^ Havering, The London Borough Of. "Elections and voting | The London Borough Of Havering". www.havering.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  13. ^ List of selected candidates (26 March 2015). "List of selected candidates". Libdems.org.uk. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
  14. ^ "London Green Party | 2015 General Election". Archived from the original on 8 January 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  15. ^ "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  16. ^ "Romford". BBC News. 6 May 2010. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
  17. ^ "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  18. ^ "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  19. ^ "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  20. ^ "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  21. ^ "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  22. ^ "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  23. ^ Election Expenses. Parliament of the United Kingdom. 1980. p. 14. ISBN 0102374805.
  24. ^ British parliamentary election results 1950-1973, Craig, F.W.S.
  25. ^ a b c d e British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
  26. ^ Debrett's House of Commons and the Judicial Bench, 1922
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
  28. ^ "To the Electors of the Romford Division of the County of Essex". Chelmsford Chronicle. 25 June 1886. p. 1. Retrieved 10 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.

Sources

External links

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