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((Short description|Breton author))
((More citations needed|date=September 2009))
((Expand Breton|date=February 2012|Roparz Hemon))

((Infobox person
| name        = Roparz Hemon
| image       = L'Heure Bretonne - 23 mai 1942 - Roparz Hemon.jpg <!--waiting on Roparz Hemon krennard.jpg to be ToCommonsed from brwiki-->
| alt         = 
| caption     = 
| birth_name  = Louis-Paul Némo
| birth_date  = ((Birth date|1900|11|18|df=y))
| birth_place = [[Brest, France|Brest]], France
| death_date  = ((Death date and age|1978|6|29|1900|11|18|df=y))
| death_place = [[Dublin]], Ireland
| nationality = [[France|French]]
| other_names = Louis Némo
| known_for   = Breton dictionary, Breton grammar, Mari Vorgan, Nenn Jani
| occupation  = [[Author]]
))
'''Louis-Paul Némo''' (18 November 1900 – 29 June 1978), better known by the pseudonym '''Roparz Hemon''', was a [[France|Breton]] author and scholar of [[Breton language|Breton]] expression. He was the author of numerous dictionaries, grammars, poems and short stories. He also founded ''[[Gwalarn]]'', a literary journal in Breton where many young authors published their first writings during the 1920s and 1930s.

==Life and works==
Surprisingly, Roparz Hemon, who was born as Louis Nemo in [[Brest, France|Brest]], was not a native speaker of the [[Breton language]].<ref> Jelle Krol (2020), ''Minority Language Writers in the Wake of World War One: A Case Study of Four European Authors'', Palgrave. Page 215.</ref>

His father, Eugène Nemo, was born illegitimately, but was discreetly provided for by his biological father, and went on to become both a mechanical engineer and an officer in the [[French Navy]]. His mother, Julie Foricher, was a girls' school teacher. Although Hemon's Foricher grandparents were native Breton speakers, they had both chosen to speak only French to their children and grandchildren. By the time of Hemon's birth on 18 November, 1900, the family was upper middle class.<ref> Jelle Krol (2020), ''Minority Language Writers in the Wake of World War One: A Case Study of Four European Authors'', Palgrave. Pages 235-236.</ref>

Despite the [[religious persecution]] of the [[Affair of the Cards|Affaire des Fiches]], the Nemo family remained practicing Catholics and attended traditional Breton [[Pardon (ceremony)|Pardon]]s, particularly those in [[Le Folgoët]] and [[Locronan]]. Hemon's sister later recalled that her brother took great delight in hearing the Breton sermons and [[hymn]]s, which he kept trying to recite afterwards, despite not understanding them.<ref> Jelle Krol (2020), ''Minority Language Writers in the Wake of World War One: A Case Study of Four European Authors'', Palgrave. Page 237.</ref>

Hemon served in the [[French Army]] at the beginning of the [[Second World War]], where he was wounded and taken prisoner by the Germans.

Back in Brest in August 1940, he took back publishing ''Gwalarn''.((clarify|date=February 2012)) In November 1940, he was appointed as director of programmes at ''[[Radio Rennes Bretagne|Radio Roazhon-Breizh]]'', a  [[Breton language]] weekly broadcast set up by the ''[[Propagandastaffel]]''.<ref name="mercator">[http://www.aber.ac.uk/mercator/images/breton_literature_during_German_Occupation.pdf Breton literature during German Occupation] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929105151/http://www.aber.ac.uk/mercator/images/breton_literature_during_German_Occupation.pdf |date=2007-09-29 )), Mercator, The University of Wales</ref> From 1941, he directed the weekly publication ''Arvor''. In October 1942, Hemon was appointed by [[Leo Weisgerber]] to help found the "Celtic Institute of Brittany". Hemon rendered other services to the Germans, like helping in compiling files against ''[[préfet]]'' Ripert.

At the Liberation, Hemon fled to [[Nazi Germany]], where he was imprisoned. After one year of jail he was sentenced by the [[Fourth French Republic]] to ten years of "[[dégradation nationale]]" for the offence of "[[Indignité nationale]]".<ref name="mercator" /> He decided therefore to go in exile to [[Ireland]]. He worked there for the [[Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies]].<ref>((Cite web |title=Hemon, Roparz |url=https://www.dias.ie/2010/09/16/hemon-roparz/ |website=DIAS))</ref> He would never go back to Brittany. Despite all this he never stopped working for the Breton [[language revival]], and wrote for instance ''A Historical Morphology and Syntax of Breton'' in 1975. He created the magazine ''Ar Bed Keltiek'' that resembled ''Kannadig Gwalarn'' or ''Arvor''. He died in 1978 and was buried in Brest.

== Attack on his reputation ==
Hemon's reputation as a scholar led to the naming of institutions in Brittany after him. In 2000 controversy erupted over this, as Hemon's role as a Collaborator during the Occupation was researched and publicised. Some of his statements made at the time were also disinterred, particularly the [[Francophobia|anti-French opinions]] expressed in ''Ni hon unan''. As a result, the Breton-medium school, or [[Diwan (school)|Diwan]] in [[Le Relecq-Kerhuon]], and the Cultural centre of [[Guingamp]], which had been named after Hemon, had to change names.

== References ==
((Reflist))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Hemon, Roparz))
[[Category:20th-century lexicographers]]
[[Category:20th-century French poets]]
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:Breton collaborators with Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:Breton language activists]]
[[Category:Breton-language writers]]
[[Category:Breton-language poets]]
[[Category:Anti-French sentiment in Europe]]
[[Category:French lexicographers]]
[[Category:French Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:French prisoners of war in World War II]]
[[Category:World War II prisoners of war held by Germany]]
[[Category:Writers from Brest, France]]

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