The Pathological Laboratory of the University of Buffalo (1898 - 1899) The Gratwick Research Laboratory (1900 - 1911) The State Institute for the Study of Malignant Disease (1912-1945) Roswell Park Memorial Institute (1946 - 1991) Roswell Park Cancer Institute (1992 - 2017)
Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center is a cancer research and treatment center located in Buffalo, New York. Founded by surgeon Roswell Park in 1898, the center was the first in the United States to specifically focus on cancer research.[1][2][3] The center is usually called Roswell Park in short. The center, which conducts clinical research on cancer as well as the development new drugs, provides advanced treatment for all forms of adult and pediatric cancer, and serves as a member of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center is as of 2019[update], the only upstate New York facility to hold the National Cancer Institute designation of "comprehensive cancer center".[4]
The Roswell Park campus, spread out in 15 separate buildings of approximately two million square feet, occupies 28 acres (11 ha) on the 100-acre (40 ha) Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus (BNMC) in downtown Buffalo, and includes 1,500,000 square feet (140,000 m2) of space equally distributed between clinical programs and research/education functions. A separate hospital building, completed in 1998, houses a diagnostic and treatment center. The campus also includes a medical research complex as well as research and education focused spaces.
History
In 1898, the program that would later become the cancer center was established by Roswell Park, who was a professor of surgery at the University of Buffalo School of Medicine.[5] Park said that "Only through a deliberate well-planned, combined attack from various directions by means fitted for such work could real advances be made and further the relationship of laboratory work, clinical study and education must be closely associated."[5]
Research started in three rooms in the University of Buffalo School of Medicine but not long thereafter, it outgrew the rooms. Seeing the importance of dedicated cancer research, select Buffalo citizens donated funds to purchase land and construct a new building. The largest contributor was Mrs. William Gratwick (wife of William H. Gratwick, the founder of Gratwick, Smith & Fryer Lumber Co.), who donated $25,000. The Gratwick Research Laboratory of the University of Buffalo was constructed in 1901 and was located at High and Elm streets.[6]
Park wrote books, gave lectures, and was the administrator at the cancer research center. In 1904, Park stepped down and Harvey R. Gaylord took over as the center's second director. Park remained as the chairman of the board of trustees.[7]
In coming decades the center was renamed the Roswell Park Cancer Institute, a name it retained for decades until 2018, when its current name was implemented. The Roswell Park Cancer Institute was usually called Roswell Park or RPCI for short.
Notable facts
Founded in 1898 as the world's first institute devoted exclusively to cancer research[8] 1884 – On May 31, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center is founded as New York Cancer Hospital at 106th Street and Central Park West in Manhattan. New York Cancer Hospital is the first institution in the United States devoted exclusively to the treatment and research of cancer.
Gerty Cori was the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[9]
The center's first female leader, Candace S. Johnson was named President & CEO in February 2015.[10]
Leads New York State in the number of robotic cystectomies performed[11]
Established one of the nation's first long-term survivors clinics for childhood cancer patients[12]
Discoveries and advancements in cancer care
Discovery of how the human body converts glucose to glycogen
Drs. Gerty and Carl Cori jointly won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen."[13] Their research leading to the discovery began during their tenure at Roswell Park (then called the New York State Institute for the Study of Malignant Diseases), from 1922 to 1931.[14]
Alternative breast cancer treatments
Thomas Dao (1921–2009), served as director of the breast surgery department from 1957 to 1988, where he developed breast cancer treatment alternatives.[15]
Development of photodynamic therapy
In 1975, Thomas Dougherty successfully treated preclinical models of cancer using photodynamic therapy (PDT) techniques for the first time.[16][17] In 1978, he conducted the first PDT clinical trial.[18][19] Today, PDT is an FDA-approved method for treating specific kinds of cancer, and is used around the world.
Discovery of PSA
Research resulting in the discovery of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was led by T. Ming Chu in the 1970s.[20] His team subsequently developed a way to detect the PSA protein in blood as a simple diagnostic test.[21] Since its FDA approvals in 1986 and 1994, an estimated one billion PSA tests have been given.
Research on 5-fluorouracil + leucovorin
Biochemist Marie Hakala, PhD[22][23] first observed that 5-fluorouracil becomes more effective in treating cancer cells when calcium leucovorin is added.[24][25] This discovery paved the way for the development of 5-FU + leucovorin therapy, which was for many years the gold standard of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer.
The mission of Roswell Park is to "eliminate cancer's grip on humanity by unlocking its secrets through personalized approaches and unleashing the healing power of hope".[27]
Structure
The Roswell Park Cancer Institute Corporation, which is the name of the New York State public-benefit corporation that operates the center, is guided by a 14-member board of directors (which has its own staff).[28] The management team is headed by President and CEO Candace S. Johnson, PhD, who reports to the board.[29] In 2017, it had operating expenses of $722.45 million, an outstanding debt of $189.67 million, and a staffing level of 2,919 people.[30] In May of 2023, Governor Kathy Hochul appointed Leecia Eve Chair the Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Board of Directors. [31]
Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center has received numerous accolades for the quality of healthcare provided.
In 2020, Roswell Park ranked #14 on U.S. News & World Report's list of the best cancer hospitals in the country,[34][35][36] and was ranked High Performing in the areas of colon cancer surgery[37] and lung cancer surgery.[38]
Roswell Park has received recognition from Blue Cross Blue Shield as a Blue Distinction Center for Cancer Care,[39] Blood and Marrow Transplants,[40] and Cellular Immunotherapy.[41]
Roswell Park offers specialized treatments, services and therapies to treat cancer, as well as services to support patients undergoing cancer treatment.[52][53]
Women's and Men's Sexual Health Clinics for Cancer Survivors
Collaborations
CIMAvax
Roswell Park was the first American institution to receive FDA permission to conduct clinical trials of CIMAvax, a Cuban medical therapy developed by Centro de Immunologica Molecular, La Habana, Cuba.[54][55]
Ovarian Cancer SPORE
The Ovarian Cancer SPORE is a collaboration between Roswell Park and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI). The SPORE project includes multiple research projects, core supportive structures, and career development programs.[56]
Founded in 1990 by Steven Piver, the Familial Ovarian Cancer Registry houses information relating to family history and lifestyle of patients and families with histories of ovarian cancer.[58][59]
Research and training collaborations
Roswell Park collaborates with institutions around the world to strengthen cancer training and research programs.[60]
Centro de Immunologia Molecular (CIM), Playa, La Habana, Cuba
^ abMirand, Edwin A (1998). Legacy And History Of Roswell Park Cancer Institute, 1898-1998. Virginia Beach, VA: The Donning Company. p. 9. ISBN9781578642816.
^Mirand, Edwin A (1998). Legacy And History Of Roswell Park Cancer Institute, 1898-1998. Virginia Beach, VA: The Donning Company. p. 16. ISBN9781578642816.
^Mirand, Edwin A (1998). Legacy And History Of Roswell Park Cancer Institute, 1898-1998. Virginia Beach, VA: The Donning Company. p. 21. ISBN9781578642816.
^"1898-1950". Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center. Retrieved 2021-05-10.
^"1970s & 1980s". Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
^"From the History Books: Blood Test Gives Urologists a New Way to Detect Prostate Cancer". The William P. Didusch Center for Urologic History. American Urological Association. Retrieved May 11, 2021. In 1979, Chu's colleagues, led by M.C. Wang, characterized and purified the antigen, and in 1980, Lawrence D. Papsidero and fellow scientists confirmed its presence in the blood of prostate cancer patients. Amidst that activity, Chu introduced the PSA test, a screen that picks up early prostate cancer by detecting elevated levels of PSA in the blood.
_and_Carl_Ferdinand_Cori_-_restoration1.jpg)
