Rothenburg is a German language placename and refers to:

Places

• Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Bavaria, Germany
• Rothenburg, Oberlausitz, Saxony, Germany
• Rothenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
• Rothenburg, Switzerland, Canton of Lucerne, Switzerland
• Rothenburg (Lothringen), a castle ruin in Lorraine, France
• Rothenburg (Thüringen), a castle ruin in Thuringia, Germany
• Rothenburg an der Oder, the German name of Czerwieńsk, Poland

People with the surname

• Glenn Rothenburg, the birthname of American actor Glenn Corbett (1930–1993)
• Heinz-Joachim Rothenburg (born 1944), East German shot putter
• Karl Rothenburg (1894–1941), German Wehrmacht officer