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((Short description|Annual open art exhibition in England))
((Use dmy dates|date=August 2022))
((Use British English|date=August 2015))
[[File:Royal academy summer exhibition varnishing day 2015 room scene.jpg|300px|thumb|View of one of the main rooms, June 2015]]
[[File:Frith A Private View.jpg|300px|thumb|''[[A Private View at the Royal Academy, 1881]]'' by [[William Powell Frith]], depicting [[Oscar Wilde]] and other Victorian worthies at a [[private view]] of the 1881 exhibition]]

The '''Summer Exhibition''' is an open [[art exhibition]] held annually by the [[Royal Academy]] in [[Burlington House]], [[Piccadilly]] in [[central London]], England, during the months of June, July, and August. The exhibition includes [[paintings]], prints, drawings, [[sculpture]], [[architecture|architectural designs and models]], and is the largest and most popular open exhibition in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name="telegraph2011">((cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturepicturegalleries/8552485/The-Royal-Academy-of-Arts-Summer-Exhibition-2011.html| title=The Royal Academy of Arts Summer Exhibition 2011 | work=Culture, [[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] | access-date=4 July 2011 | location=UK | date=2 June 2011))</ref> It is also "the longest continuously staged exhibition of contemporary art in the world".<ref name="Apollo">((cite journal |title=The Royal Academy remains a great asset that must never be squandered |journal=Apollo |date=15 May 2018 |url=https://www.apollo-magazine.com/royal-academy-anniversary-celebrations |access-date=8 June 2019))</ref>

When the Royal Academy was founded in 1768 one of its key objectives was to establish an annual exhibition, open to all artists of merit, which could be visited by the public. The first Summer Exhibition took place in 1769; it has been held every year since without exception.<ref name="telegraph2011" />

==History==
In 1768, a group of artists visited King George III and sought his permission to establish a society for Arts and Design. They proposed the idea of an annual exhibition and a school design. King George III approved of the idea and the first exhibition, in 1769, included 136 works.<ref name="Apollo"/> The name Summer Exhibition dates from 1870.<ref name="Apollo"/>

==Selection process==
Today, around 1,000 works are selected each year from as many as 10,000 entries representing some 5,000 artists.((citation needed|date=June 2011)) Any artist (living, known or unknown) may submit up to two works at a fee of £35 per piece for selection by The Summer Exhibition Selection and Hanging Committee.((citation needed|date=June 2011)) Due to the significant increase in the volume of entries over recent years, the number of entries per artist was reduced to 2 (from 3) and the fee was increased £18 per piece. The committee is formed from the Council of Academicians (the governing body of the RA) and is traditionally chaired by the President of the Royal Academy.  In addition to those works selected by the committee, all 80 Academicians are entitled to have six of their own pieces in the exhibition.

For the 2006 exhibition, the academy received a statue and a plinth from David Hensel. By mistake, the two parts were judged independently, with the result that the statue was rejected and the plinth put on display.<ref>((cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1521330/Artist-laughs-his-head-off-at-the-RA.html | title=Artist laughs his head off at the RA | author=Sally Pook | date=15 June 2006 | publisher=The Telegraph))</ref>

==Exhibition==
[[File:Royal academy summer exhibition varnishing day 2015 arrival at St James's edited.jpg|thumb|Participants in the RA Summer Exhibition 2015 at St. James, Piccadilly, on Varnishing Day]]
The RA Summer Exhibition usually opens to the public in early June, preceded by a series of [[private view]]ings. The main event is called "Varnishing Day", the day that, according to popular legend, artists would come to add a final coat of [[varnish]] to their paintings (compare: ''[[vernissage]]''). Traditionally, artists walk in procession from Burlington House to [[St James's Church, Piccadilly]], where a service is held. At the opening reception the [[Short list|shortlists]] for various prizes are announced.

Some years have particular themes. The 2005 exhibition theme was "[[Printmaking]] and the multiple". In 2006, the theme was "From Life." In 2008, the theme was "Man Made". The theme for 2010 was "Raw".<ref>((cite web |url-status=dead |url=http://www.royalacademy.org.uk/exhibitions/summer-exhibition/ |title=Summer Exhibition 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808114045/http://www.royalacademy.org.uk/exhibitions/summer-exhibition |archive-date=8 August 2008 |website=Royal Academy of Arts |date=2010))</ref> In 2011, the selection committee agreed to have no specific theme.((citation needed|date=June 2011)) 

Almost all exhibited works are for sale; the Academy receives 30% of the purchase price. In 2003, this amounted to a sum of some £2,000,000 for the institution, which receives no financial support from the state or crown.((citation needed|date=July 2011))

===Curators===
*2005: [[Stephen Farthing]] and [[Christopher Orr (artist)|Christopher Orr]]<ref>((cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2005/jun/05/art1 | date = 5 June 2005 | access-date = 14 March 2018 | first = Caroline | last = Boucher | newspaper = [[The Observer]] | location = London | title = No longer a hanging offence ))</ref>
*2012: [[Tess Jaray]]<ref>((cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/may/30/royal-academy-summer-exhibition-2012 | date = 30 May 2012 | access-date = 14 March 2018 | first = Maev | last = Kennedy | newspaper = [[The Guardian]] | location = London | title = Royal Academy summer exhibition rolls into town ))</ref>
*2013: [[Eva Jiřičná]] and [[Norman Ackroyd]]<ref>((cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/jun/05/royal-academy-summer-exhibition | date = 5 June 2013 | access-date = 14 March 2018 | first = Marc | last = Brown | newspaper = [[The Guardian]] | location = London | title = Nonagenarians make mark at 2013 Royal Academy summer exhibition))</ref>
*2015: [[Michael Craig-Martin]]<ref>((cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/jun/05/royal-academy-summer-exhibition-michael-craig-martin| date = 5 June 2015 | access-date = 14 March 2018 | first = Hannah | last = Ellis-Petersen | newspaper = [[The Guardian]] | location = London | title = Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition goes on a candy cavalcade))</ref>
*2016: [[Yinka Shonibare]]<ref>((cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2016/may/18/yinka-shonibare-mural-royal-academy | date = 18 May 2016 | access-date = 14 March 2018 | first = Jonathan | last = Jones | author-link = Jonathan Jones (journalist) | newspaper = [[The Guardian]] | location = London | title = Radical or retrogade? Yinka Shonibare can't redeem the Royal Academy))</ref>
*2017: [[Eileen Cooper]]<ref>((cite news | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/art/what-to-see/summer-exhibition-royal-academy-arts-review-dependably-reassuring/ | date = 2 June 2017 | access-date = 14 March 2018 | first = Alastair | last = Sooke | newspaper = [[The Daily Telegraph]] | location = London | title = Summer Exhibition, Royal Academy of Arts, review: The dependably reassuring last word in déjà-vu))</ref>
*2018: [[Grayson Perry]]<ref>((cite news | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-42351627 | date = 14 December 2017 | access-date = 14 March 2018 | publisher = [[BBC News]] | title = Grayson Perry to chair Summer Exhibition art show))</ref><ref>((cite news | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/grayson-perry-claire-turner-prize-grayson-perry-royal-academy-making-meaning-donald-trump-toby-young-a8162271.html | date = 16 January 2018 | access-date = 14 March 2018 | first = Alison | last = Cole | newspaper = [[The Independent]] | location = London | title = How Grayson Perry is taking on America: 'People want to be provoked, but not catastrophically'))</ref>
*2019 [[Jock McFadyen]]<ref name="Guardian_2019">((cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Jonathan |title=Summer Exhibition review – a moronic monument to British mediocrity |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/jun/06/summer-exhibition-review-royal-academy |access-date=8 June 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=6 June 2019))</ref>
*2021 [[Yinka Shonibare]]<ref>((Cite web |title=Royal Academy Summer Exhibition 2021 |url=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/exhibition/summer-exhibition-2021 |access-date=May 19, 2023 |website=Royal Academy))</ref>
*2022 [[Alison Wilding]]<ref>((Cite web |title=Royal Academy Summer Exhibition 2022 |url=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/exhibition/summer-exhibition-2022 |access-date=May 19, 2023 |website=Royal Academy))</ref>
*2023 [[David Remfry]]<ref>((Cite web |title=Royal Academy Summer Exhibition 2023 |url=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/exhibition/summer-exhibition-2023 |access-date=May 19, 2023 |website=Royal Academy))</ref>

==Awards==
Over £70,000 prize money, including the £25,000 Charles Wollaston Award, is awarded each year at the Summer Exhibition. In addition, a £10,000 architectural prize is awarded.<ref>R. Waite, [http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/cash-prizes-return-for-royal-academy-summer-exhibition/8678840.article "Cash prizes return for Royal Academy Summer Exhibition"] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190120193057/https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/cash-prizes-return-for-royal-academy-summer-exhibition/8678840.article |date=20 January 2019 )), ''architectsjournal.co.uk'', 22 February 2015.</ref>

===Winners of Charles Wollaston Award===
*1997: [[R.B. Kitaj]]
*1999: [[David Hockney]]<ref>((cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/jun/29/fiachragibbons | date = 29 June 1999 | access-date = 14 March 2018 | first =  Fiachra | last = Gibbons | newspaper = [[The Guardian]] | location = London | title = Hockney wins summer exhibition prize))</ref>
*2000: [[Gerard Hemsworth]]
*2001: [[Marc Quinn]]
*2003: [[Jake and Dinos Chapman]]<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/jun/27/arts.artsnews "Chapman brothers win £25,000 prize"] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104094759/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/jun/27/arts.artsnews |date=4 January 2019 )), ''[[The Guardian]]'', 27 June 2003.</ref> 
*2006: [[Chantal Joffe]]
*2007: [[Gavin Turk]]
*2008: [[Jeff Koons]]
*2009: [[Richard Wilson (sculptor)|Richard Wilson]]
*2010: [[Yinka Shonibare]]
*2011: [[Alison Wilding]]<ref>[http://www.cornerhousepublications.org/books/books-news/alison-wilding-wins-the-charles-wollaston-award-2011 "Alison Wilding wins the Charles Wollaston Award 2011"] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624192108/https://www.cornerhousepublications.org/books/books-news/alison-wilding-wins-the-charles-wollaston-award-2011/ |date=24 June 2020 )), ''cornerhousepublications.org'', 20 June 2011.</ref>
*2012: [[Anselm Kiefer]]
*2013: [[El Anatsui]]<ref>[http://www.octobergallery.co.uk/exhibitions/tsiatsia.shtml "El Anatsui wins the prestigious Charles Wollaston Award for his work at the Royal Academy of Arts, 245th Summer Exhibition"] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220005747/http://www.octobergallery.co.uk/exhibitions/tsiatsia.shtml |date=20 December 2019 )), ''octobergallery.co.uk''.</ref>
*2014: [[Wolfgang Tillmans]]<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/victoria-sadler/summer-exhibition-2014-ro_b_5522914.html "Summer Exhibition 2014, Royal Academy of Arts"] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207075515/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/victoria-sadler/summer-exhibition-2014-ro_b_5522914.html |date=7 February 2019 )), ''[[The Huffington Post]]'', 24 June 2014.</ref>

==Reception==
The exhibition has received both admiration and criticism.<ref name="Apollo"/> [[Jonathan Jones (journalist)|Jonathan Jones]] described it in 2019 as the "bloated corpse of a tradition ... [with] a tired, inward looking, end-of-the-road quality".<ref name="Guardian_2019"/>

An exhibition about the history of the Summer Exhibition, ''The Great Spectacle'', was held in 2018.<ref name="Guardian_2018">((cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Jonathan |title=Summer Exhibition/The Great Spectacle review – a Grayson revolution |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/jun/05/summer-exhibition-the-great-spectacle-review-grayson-perry-royal-academy |access-date=8 June 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=5 June 2018))</ref>

==References==
((Reflist))
((commons category|Royal Academy summer exhibition))

==Further reading==
*((cite book |editor=Staley, A. |url=http://cdm16028.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/202802 |title=The Royal Academy (1837–1901) revisited: Victorian paintings from the Forbes magazine Collection |location=New York |publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |year=1975)) (see index)
* ''The Great Spectacle: 250 Years of the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition'' (2018), by Mark Hallett and Sarah Victoria Turner
* ''Posters: A Century of Summer Exhibitions at the Royal Academy'' (2015), by Mark Pomeroy

==External links==
* [http://www.royalacademy.org.uk/summerexhibition/ Summer Exhibition website]
* [https://chronicle250.com The Royal Academy Summer Exhibition: A Chronicle, 1769–2018]
* [https://www.paul-mellon-centre.ac.uk/about/ra250 About the Researching the Summer Exhibition project] (Paul Mellon Centre)
* [http://royal-academy-production-asset.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/37fe720e-21f1-4135-814a-490e967b7ec1/Researching%20the%20Summer%20Exhibition.pdf RESEARCHING THE SUMMER EXHIBITION] (The Royal Academy)
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3cSxb9rTYG2JCktjJ86r88y/ra-summer-exhibition-the-promotional-power-of-the-poster RA Summer Exhibition: The promotional power of the poster] (BBC)
* ((cite web |title=The Royal Academy Summer Exhibition, a Chronicle 1769–2018. Index |url=https://chronicle250.com/index/exhibitors/a |website=Chronicle 250 |publisher=Royal Academy 250 |access-date=13 September 2019 |date=2018)) (Search facility by artist)

((coords|51.5092|-0.1401|display=title))

[[Category:Recurring events established in 1769]]
[[Category:Art exhibitions in London]]
[[Category:Royal Academy|Summer Exhibition]]
[[Category:June events]]
[[Category:July events]]
[[Category:August events]]
[[Category:1769 in art]]

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