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((short description|1958 instrumental by Link Wray))
((Use mdy dates|date=March 2023))
((Infobox song
| name          = Rumble
| cover         = Rumble (instrumental).png
| border        = yes
| type          = single
| artist        = [[Link Wray|Link Wray & His Ray Men]]
| B-side        = The Swag
| released      = March 31, 1958
| genre         = 
*[[Rock and roll]]<ref>((cite book |author=Richard Aquila |title=That Old-time Rock & Roll: A Chronicle of an Era, 1954–1963 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uJxfiKtxrRsC&pg=PA21 |year=1989 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=978-0-252-06919-2 |page=21))</ref>
*[[instrumental rock]]
*[[surf rock]]<ref>((cite book|last=Markesich|first=Mike|title=Teenbeat Mayhem|year=2012|edition=1st|publisher=Priceless Info Press|location=Branford, Connecticut|isbn=978-0-9856482-5-1|url=https://archive.org/details/teenbeatmayhemco00mark |pages=10,12))</ref><ref>*((cite AV media|last=Shaw|first=Greg|title=Nuggets: Original Artyfacts from the First Psychedelic Era, 1965–1968 (4-CD Box Set) – Sic Transit Gloria: The Story of Punk Rock in the '60s|type=liner notes|id=R2756466|date=September 15, 1998|isbn=978-1-56826-804-0 |pages=18–19))</ref>
*[[garage rock]]<ref>((cite web|last= Pitchfork Staff |title= The 200 Best Albums of the 1960s |website= [[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] |date= August 22, 2017 |url= https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/the-200-best-albums-of-the-1960s/|quote= ...since his first and most famous garage-rock single, “Rumble"...|accessdate= April 15, 2023))</ref>
| length        = 2:25
| label         = [[Cadence Records|Cadence]] <small>1347</small>
| writer        = [[Milt Grant]], Link Wray
| misc          =   
((Audio sample
 | type        = single
 | file        = Link Wray - Rumble.ogg
 | description = 30-second sample of "Rumble"
))
))
"'''Rumble'''" is an [[instrumental]] by American group [[Link Wray|Link Wray & His Wray Men]]. Released in the United States on March 31, 1958, as a single (with "The Swag" as a B-side), "Rumble" utilized the techniques of [[Distortion (guitar)|distortion]] and [[tremolo]], then largely unexplored in [[rock and roll]]. 

In 2018, the song was inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] in a new category for singles.<ref name="singles">((cite magazine |title=Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inducts Songs for the First Time, Including 'Born to Be Wild' & 'Louie Louie' |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/rock/8333912/rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-inducts-songs-born-to-be-wild-louie-louie |magazine=Billboard |access-date=April 15, 2018))</ref>

==History==
At a live gig in [[Fredericksburg, Virginia]], in early 1958, while attempting to work up a backing for [[The Diamonds]]' "[[The Stroll (song)|The Stroll]]", Link Wray & His Ray Men came up with the instrumental "Rumble", which they originally called "Oddball". It was an instant hit with the audience, which demanded four repeats that night.<ref>((Cite web |last=McDonough |first=Jimmy |date=2006 |title=Be Wild, Not Evil: The Link Wray Story |url=http://www.furious.com/perfect/linkwray2.html |access-date=March 4, 2023 |website=Perfect Sound Forever))</ref> The host of the [[sock hop]], disc jockey [[Milton Grant|Milt Grant]], paid for the song to be recorded and released as a single; in turn, Grant would receive songwriting credit.<ref>((Cite magazine |last=Molenda |first=Michael |date=November 2007 |title=Blast from the Past: Link Wray's 'Rumble' |magazine=EQ |page=51 |id=((ProQuest|199510916))))</ref><ref name="nysun">((Cite news |last=Miller |first=Stephen |date=May 9, 2007 |title=Milt Grant, 83, Legendary Sock Hop Host |work=[[The New York Sun]] |url=https://www.nysun.com/article/obituaries-milt-grant-83-legendary-sock-hop-host))</ref>

Eventually the instrumental came to the attention of record producer [[Archie Bleyer]] of [[Cadence Records]], who hated it, particularly after Wray poked a pencil through the speaker cone of his amplifier to make the recording sound more like the live version.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/22/arts/link-wray-76-a-guitarist-with-raw-rockabilly-sound-dies.html|title=Link Wray, 76, a Guitarist With Raw Rockabilly Sound, Dies|first=Ben|last=Sisario|date=November 22, 2005|access-date=April 27, 2021|website=[[The New York Times]]))</ref><ref name=RS>((cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/guitarist-link-wray-dies-106991/ |title=Guitarist Link Wray Dies: Father of the power chord was seventy-six |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=November 21, 2005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402093615/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/guitarist-link-wray-dies-106991/ |archive-date=April 2, 2019 |first=James |last=Sullivan))</ref> But Bleyer's stepdaughter loved it, so he released it despite his misgivings.<ref name="Doyle">((cite web |last1=Doyle |first1=Jack |title=Rumble Riles Censors, 1958–59 |url=http://www.pophistorydig.com/topics/%E2%80%9Crumble-riles-censors1958-1959/ |website=PopHistoryDig.com |access-date=April 5, 2016 |date=May 10, 2010))</ref> [[Phil Everly]] heard it and suggested the title "Rumble", as it had a rough sound and said it sounded like a [[street fighting|street fight]].<ref name=RS/>

It was banned in several US radio markets, because the term 'rumble' was a slang term for a gang fight, and it was feared that the piece's harsh sound glorified [[juvenile delinquency]].<ref name=RS/> The record is the only instrumental single ever banned from radio in the United States.<ref name=Rodriguez2005>((cite book |first=Robert A. |last=Rodriguez |title=The 1950s' Most Wanted: The Top 10 Book of Rock & Roll Rebels, Cold War Crises, and All-American Oddities |publisher=Potomac Books |date=2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1EH1oSHWRjMC&pg=PA94 |page=94 |isbn=978-1-57488-715-0 |lccn=2004013424 |quotation=((NNBSP))'Rumble' has the distinction of being the only instrumental single banned from the radio airwaves.&nbsp;... a song with such a provocative name and such menace to its power chords, could only spell trouble for impressionable listeners.))</ref><ref name=Tushnet2017>((cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E9SdDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA30 |title=Free Speech Beyond Words: The Surprising Reach of the First Amendment |date=2017 |page=30 |chapter=Instrumental Music and the First Amendment |first1=Mark V. |last1=Tushnet |author1-link=Mark Tushnet |first2=Alan K. |last2=Chen |first3=Joseph |last3=Blocher |publisher=NYU Press |isbn=978-1-4798-8028-7 |lccn=2016590840 |oclc=946161367 |quote=Nongovernmental institutions that control forums for musical expression have also played a censoring role. For example, in 1959, federally licensed American radio stations refused to broadcast the purely instrumental Link Wray song 'Rumble' on the basis of its title's association with street violence.))</ref>

==Chart performance==
"Rumble" was a hit in the United States, where it climbed to number 16 on the pop charts and number 11 on the R&B chart in the summer of 1958.<ref>((cite book |title= Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-2004|last=Whitburn |first=Joel |authorlink=Joel Whitburn |year=2004 |publisher=Record Research |page=637))</ref> In [[CHUM Chart|Canada]] the song also reached number 16.<ref>((cite web|url=http://chumtribute.com/58-05-19-chart.jpg| title=CHUM Hit Parade - May 19, 1958))</ref>

== Covers and later versions ==
[[The Dave Clark Five]] covered it in 1964 on their first album, ''[[A Session with The Dave Clark Five]]''; it also appeared on ''[[The Dave Clark Five Return!]]'', their second American album.

Another recording of the instrumental was released by Wray in 1968 as "Rumble '68", and again in 1969 as "Rumble-69" (Mr. G Records, G-820).<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.45cat.com/record/g820|title=Link Wray And The Ray-Men - Rumble-69|access-date=April 27, 2021|website=45cat.com))</ref> In 2014 jazz guitarist [[Bill Frisell]] released a cover of "Rumble" on his album ''[[Guitar in the Space Age!]]''<ref>((allMusic|first=Thom|last=Jurke|class=album|title=Bill Frisell – ''Guitar in the Space Age!'' Review|id=mw0002709690|access-date=October 21, 2014))</ref>

==Influence==
((more citations needed section|date=October 2018))
[[Bob Dylan]] once referred to "Rumble" as "the best instrumental ever",<ref name=Harrington2006>((cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/12/AR2006011200612.html |title=Wray's 'Rumble' Still Reverberating |first=Richard |last=Harrington |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=January 13, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201132228/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/12/AR2006011200612.html |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |url-status=live |quote=Bob Dylan&nbsp;... who once called 'Rumble' 'the best instrumental ever', visited with ((bracket|Link))&nbsp;Wray and [[Robert Gordon (musician)|((bracket|Robert))&nbsp;Gordon]] backstage after a 1978 London show.))</ref> and the piece has remained widely used in various entertainment media. It has been used in movies, documentaries, television shows and elsewhere, including [[Top Gear (U.S. TV series)|''Top Gear'']], ''[[The Warriors (film)|The Warriors]]'' (in the deleted opening scene), ''[[Pulp Fiction]],''<ref>Maury Dean, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lJS4EArRBwoC&dq=Rumble+song+%22Pulp+Fiction%22&pg=PA438 ''Rock 'n' Roll Gold Rush: A Singles Un-Cyclopedia''] (Algora Publishing, 2003), p.438.</ref> ''[[Svengoolie|Screaming Yellow Theater with host Svengoolie]]'', ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]'', ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants vs. The Big One]],'' ''[[Blow (film)|Blow]]'', the pilot episode of the HBO series ''[[The Sopranos]]'', ''[[StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty]]'', ''[[Riding Giants]]'', ''[[Roadracers]]'', and ''[[Wild Zero]]''.

In the 2008 documentary, ''[[It Might Get Loud]]'', featuring guitarists [[Jimmy Page]], [[The Edge]], and [[Jack White]], Page, the [[Led Zeppelin]] founder and guitarist, appears playing a 45 rpm [[Single (music)|single]] of "Rumble," apparently from his personal collection. Page discusses the record and performs [[air guitar]] along with it. Intercut in this footage is part of a conversation among the three guitarists where Page discusses listening to, "anything with a guitar on, when I was a kid [...] but the first time I heard "The Rumble" [sic], that was something that had so much profound attitude to it."<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLEUSn8y9TI |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/RLEUSn8y9TI |archive-date=December 14, 2021 |url-status=live|title=Jimmy Page Listening to Rumble|website=YouTube|access-date=April 11, 2020))((cbignore))</ref>

"Rumble" was sampled by experimental hip-hop trio [[Death Grips]] in "Spread Eagle Cross the Block" from their 2011 mixtape [[Exmilitary]].<ref>((Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/15583-exmilitary/|title=Death Grips: Exmilitary|website=Pitchfork.com|access-date=April 27, 2021))</ref>

Interviewing on television with [[Stephen Colbert]] on April 29, 2013, [[Iggy Pop]] commented that he "left school emotionally" at the moment he first heard "Rumble" at the student union, which led him to pursue music as a career.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.fuse.tv/2013/04/iggy-pop-stephen-colbert-never-wears-shirt|title=Fuse|website=Fuse.tv|access-date=April 27, 2021))</ref>

The record's title serves as the title of the 2017 documentary film ''[[Rumble: The Indians Who Rocked the World]]'' which features, amongst others, the work of Wray and his impact on rock music as a man of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American descent]].

The 1980 [[Adam and the Ants]]'s song "Killer in the Home", from the ''[[Kings of the Wild Frontier]]'' album, is based on the same refrain in "Rumble" (Ants guitarist [[Marco Pirroni]] has cited Link Wray as a major influence).<ref name=Doyle />

==References==
((reflist|2))

==External links==
* [https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/RUMBLE-FINAL.pdf Library of Congress essay]

((Link Wray))
((2018 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame))

((Authority control))

[[Category:1958 singles]]
[[Category:1958 songs]]
[[Category:Cadence Records singles]]
[[Category:American garage rock songs]]
[[Category:Link Wray songs]]
[[Category:Rock instrumentals]]
[[Category:United States National Recording Registry recordings]]
[[Category:1950s instrumentals]]

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