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((Short description|Ethnic group of Borneo))
((EngvarB|date=September 2014))
((Use dmy dates|date=September 2014))
((more citations needed|date=August 2015))
((Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Rungus people
| native_name      = Dusun / Momogun / Momogun Rungus
| native_name_lang = Momogun or Rungus
| image            = Kudat Sabah Kg-Loro-Kecil-04.jpg
| caption          = A Rungus fisherman in Kampung Loro Kecil, [[Kudat]], [[Sabah]], [[Malaysia]].
| popplace         = ((flagcountry|MYS))<br />((smaller|([[Sabah]])))
|total   = 74 000
| langs            = [[Rungus language|Rungus]], [[Malay language|Malay]]
| rels             = [[Christianity]] (95%), [[Islam]] and [[Animism]] (5%)
| related          = [[Kadazan-Dusun]], [[Murut people|Murut]], and [[Lun Bawang|Lun Bawang/Lundayeh]]
))

The '''Momogun Rungus''' are an [[Austronesian peoples|Austronesian]] [[ethnic group]] indigenous to Sabah, Malaysia. They primarily live in northern [[Sabah]] especially in [[Kudat|Kudat Peninsula]], [[Kota Marudu]], [[Pitas, Malaysia|Pitas]] and [[Beluran]]. A sub-group of the [[Kadazan-Dusun]], they have a distinct language, dress, architecture, customs, and [[oral literature]] from other Dusunic sub-groups. There are around 74,000 Rungus people in the state.

==Subsistence==
As with most indigenous ethnic groups in Borneo, culture revolves around [[rice]]; however, [[coconut]] and [[banana]] groves provide cash income. Women weave cloth on [[backstrap loom]]s, and make containers from vine or beadwork. Many Rungus now work in town, and have abandoned the communal life of the longhouse for modern Malaysian society. 

Momogun Rungus has a very antique traditional writing which is one of the forms of writing [[Hieroglyph|hieroglyphs]] or called [[Surip Momogun|Surip]] in the Rungus language. 

Traditionally having a belief called the [[Agama labus|agama Labus]] or Labus religion, although some writers label it [[Animism|aninism]], with male priests called [[Rampahan rungus|Rampahan]] and female priestess called [[Bobolizan Rungus|Bobolizan]], most Rungus are now [[Christians|Christian]]. Most Rungus attended the Protestant Church of Sabah (PCS) and is mainly in the Bahasa Malaysia congregation.

==Longhouses==
[[File:GiantRungusBumbuIkan.jpg|thumb|left|A large ceremonial ''bumbu ikan'' (fish trap) in a Rungus village in [[Kudat]], [[Sabah]] in [[Borneo]]. A longhouse can be seen in the background, with distinct outward-sloped walls.]]

Considered one of the most traditional ethnic groups in Sabah, many Momogun Rungus live in [[longhouse]]s, with each family having its own separate quarters off a common hall. At the edge of the communal hall, a well-ventilated platform of split [[bamboo]] with outward sloping walls provides a place for socialising and communal work. The Rungus longhouse is quite different from the [[Murut people|Murut]] longhouse. The houses are not perched on high stilts, but are usually only three to five feet above ground. The roof is low, and the walls are outward sloped. In olden times, longhouses of over 75 doors are said to have been common. Now, they rarely exceed 10 doors. Usually single story, more modern two-story versions of the longhouse also exist. Single-family houses are sometimes built near the longhouse – these take the same form, but are curiously short, looking like a slice from a cake.

==Dress==
The traditional Rungus dress is black in colour, often with hundreds or even thousands of dollars worth of antique [[beads]]. Traditionally all of the Rungus women wore heavy [[brass]] coils around their arms, legs and necks. Brass arm coils are often accompanied by white and [[coral]] shell bracelets. Rings of brass may also be worn around the waist.

===Beadwork===
This beadwork and its designs easily distinguish the Rungus from the other ethnic groups of Sabah. "The beadwork often tells a story and this one in particular tells of a man going spear-hunting for a riverine creature".<ref name="CCATOSM">((cite book|editor=Irene Benggon-Charuruks & Janette Padasian|title=Cultures, customs, and traditions of Sabah, Malaysia: an introduction|year=1993|publisher=Sabah Tourism Promotion Corporation|isbn=98-302-0000-0|page=14))</ref> The ''pinakol'' consists of a pair of flat beaded bandoleer-type belts worn crossed over the chest and back.<ref>((cite book|editor=Rita Lasimbang & Stella Moo-Tan|contribution=Patricia Regis & Jabatan Muzium dan Arkib Negeri Sabah|title=An Introduction to the Traditional Costumes of Sabah|year=1997|publisher=Natural History Publications|isbn=98-381-2013-8))</ref>

The ''sandang'' is a pair of long beaded strands, mostly with matching beads. These are worn crossed over the chest like the ''pinakol''.
The ''sullau'' is a flat beaded choker worn around the neck with two clamshell discs, one in front and one in back. Small bells are attached in the front. They make the discs out of plastic nowaday The ''tinggot'' is a short choker, either single beaded or with narrow beadwork. Men and women wear these.
The ''togkul'' is a necklace some 26&nbsp;inches (66&nbsp;cm) long with beads similar to the ''sandang'' but smaller and worn around the neck.
The ''sisingal'' is a narrow beaded band worn around the head.
The ''rampai'' is made of cotton, flowers and beads worked into the hair.
The ''orot''. "Little brass rings and antique beads looped through thin strands of stripped bark ''(togung)'' becomes a wide and colorful hipband. To wear this the ''orot'' is slowly and carefully coiled around the hip. Then a last string of beads ''(Llobokon)'' is hung loosely from the coil. The ''orot'' is hand made by the Rungus men as the technique is known only to them".<ref name="CCATOSM"/>

The ''bobolizan'' originates with the Tuaran Lotud group of Sabah, but according to Rose Sabala sometimes Rungus wear ''bobolizan'' to talk to spirits in the old language.

There are also ''sad'ang'', earrings that sometimes have beads attached.

Many of the beads used by the Rungus are plastic and glass imitations of older heirloom beads. Materials such as plastic spoons were heated over a flame and the hot plastic are then winded onto a metal rod to make yellow beads.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.thebeadsite.com/rungus04.htm |author=Bucklee Bell |title=Beads and Beadwork of the Rungus of Sabah (Part Four: Other Ornaments) |publisher=The Bead Site |access-date=2017-01-26))</ref>

==Cuisine==
[[File:Sikuati Sabah Rungus-Ladies-01.jpg|thumb|right|Three Rungus ladies selling home-produced products in Sikuati Town, [[Sabah]], [[Malaysia]].]]
Rungus cuisine is mainly prepared using cooking methods like braising, grilling and baking. Being a community of fishermen and farmers, the staple foods of the Rungus people usually consists of rice and cassava, supplemented with green vegetables and fish.

''Tinunuvan soguntung'' is the Rungus term for a preparation of grilled or roasted eggplant.<ref>((cite web|url=http://ww2.sabah.gov.my/lbk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=151&Itemid=536 |title=Indentiti Dan Budaya |publisher=Lembaga Bandar Kudat |access-date=2017-01-26))</ref> The cooked eggplant is peeled, and served with chillies, lime juice, toasted ikan bilis or salted fish, and sprigs of ''lompodos'' (a local variety of [[basil]]).

''Tinonggilan'' is a slightly sparkling alcoholic drink made from [[maize]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.flyingdusun.com/004_Features/001_Rungus.htm |author=Herman |title=The Rungus: The Art of Blending Traditional Life-Style into the 20th Century |publisher=The Flying Dusun Sdn Bhd |year=2000 |access-date=2017-01-26))</ref> Akin to the Latin American [[corn beer]], ''Tinonggilan'' is a [[Rungus]] speciality and is usually served during festive occasions, or as refreshments for guests during the performance of a ritual dance called ''Mongigol Sumundai''.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.kosmo.com.my/kosmo/content.asp?y=2015&dt=0115&pub=Kosmo&sec=Rencana_Utama&pg=ru_01.htm |author=Mohd Yunus Yakkub |title=Rungus Kudat kaya budaya |publisher=Kosmo! |year=2015 |access-date=2017-01-26))</ref>

The Rungus also prepare simple sweet foods such as flatbread made from sweetened grated cassava (''tinopis runti'') and ''bintanok dalai'', or mashed corn wrapped and steamed in corn husks. These are to be consumed for breakfast or as snacks.

==Festival==
Magahau is the main festival of the Rungus ethnic group. Magahau is a festival of ancient Rungus tradition associated with the celebration of the new year according to the traditional calendar of Rungus.

Like the [[Kadazan-Dusun]] ethnic, Rungus ethnic people also celebrate [[Kaamatan]]. Kaamatan is part of Magahau in Rungus Festival. Kaamatan is just one of the many festive entities during Magahau.

This festival is usually celebrated on 31 May every year. Even though there are many similarities the way of celebration between this two race but there is also comparison.

Among the current major entities of Magahau are:

1. Moginum

2. Mangantag

3. Mangatod

4. Mogontong

5. Moginakan

6. Lumuvas

7. Kaamatan (Mongolosod)

8. Mabbaris (Sumazau)

9. Manaradan

10. and more

==Notable People==

* Datuk [[Mathius Majihi]] - First Rungus became assistant minister in Sabah.
* Datuk [[Markus Majihi]] - the former Rungus became assistant minister in Sabah .
* Datuk [[Wetrom Bahanda]] - former Sabah state minister and [[Kota Marudu (federal constituency)|Kota Marudu MP]].
* Datuk [[Verdon Bahanda|Verdon Bahana]] - [[Kudat (federal constituency)|Kudat MP]].
* Datuk [[Redonah Verdon]] - Sabah state political sectary to [[Chief Minister of Sabah]].
* Datuk [[Julita Majungki]] - Sabah assistant state minister.
* Mohd Rezan Ezra bin Muhammad Mosinal - Advocate and Solicitor. <ref>((cite web | url=https://www.thomasphilip.com.my/people/mohd-rezan-ezra/ | title=Mohd Rezan Ezra &#124; Thomas Philip Advocates and Solicitors, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ))</ref>

== References ==
((Reflist))

==External links==
((Commons category|Rungus))
* [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3458100084.html Rungus Dusun, Encyclopedia of World Cultures Supplement, Appell, George, 2002]
* [http://www.kastum.com The Kastum family of Kudat, Sabah]
* Dr Felix Akiam (2015). Inventori Budaya Etnik Negeri Sabah - Etnik Momogun Rungus (Terbitan Lembaga Kebudayaan Negeri Sabah)

((Ethnic groups in Sabah))
((Ethnic groups in Malaysia))
((Portal bar|Malaysia|Society))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Rungus People))
[[Category:Kadazan-Dusun people]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Sabah]]

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