You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 54.163.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 17:28, 10 March 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 18:27, 12 November 2023
- Expiry of block: 18:27, 12 November 2028
Your current IP address is 54.163.179.242. The blocked range is 54.163.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Person on a joint ticket during an election))
((Other uses))
((Multiple issues|
((Globalize|article|USA|2name=the United States|date=December 2010))
((More citations needed|date=June 2021))
((More footnotes|date=June 2022))
))

A '''running mate''' is a [[person]] running together with another person on a joint [[Ticket (election)|ticket]] during an [[election]]. The term is most often used in reference to the person in the [[subordinate]] position (such as the vice presidential candidate running with a presidential candidate) but can also properly be used when referring to both candidates, such as by saying [[Joe Biden]] and [[Kamala Harris]], and [[Uhuru Kenyatta]] and [[William Ruto]], were running mates in relation to the presidential elections held in the [[United States]] in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] and [[Kenya]] in [[2013 Kenyan general election|2013]] respectively.

Running mates may be chosen, by custom or by law, to [[Ticket balance|balance the ticket]] geographically, ideologically, or personally; examples of such a custom for each of the criteria are, geographically, in [[Elections in Nigeria|Nigerian general elections]], in which a presidential candidate from the predominantly [[Christianity|Christian]] south is typically matched with a [[Vice President of Nigeria|vice presidential]] candidate from the predominantly [[Islam|Muslim]] north, and vice versa, ideologically, the Brazilian general elections in [[2010 Brazilian general election|2010]] and [[2014 Brazilian general election|2014]], where [[Dilma Rousseff]] of the left-wing [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]] ran alongside [[Michel Temer]] of the center-right [[Brazilian Democratic Movement|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party]], and, personally, the [[2016 Bulgarian presidential election]], in which both candidates who went on to the [[two-round voting|second round of voting]], [[Rumen Radev]] and [[Tsetska Tsacheva]], had running mates of the opposite gender. The objective is to create a more widespread appeal for the ticket and the results can range from assisting the resulting pair of candidates in appealing to a larger base of people to deterring voters who were initially inclined to vote for the running candidate, but may have been put off by the choice of the running mate.

The term is usually used in countries in which the offices of [[President (government title)|president]] and [[Vice President|vice president]] are both directly elected on the same ticket, in reference to a prospective vice president. However, there are countries, such as the Philippines and (nominally) [[Cyprus]], in which the president and vice-president are elected on separate tickets, and frequently, this results in them being from different political parties – indeed, when the Philippine vice-presidential position was restored in 1987, only twice were the president and vice-president elected from the same ticket, in [[2004 Philippine presidential election|2004]] and [[2022 Philippine presidential election|2022]]. Further, in other countries, such as [[Botswana]] and [[Venezuela]], the vice-president is legally appointed by the president in all cases (unlike, for instance, the United States, in which the president appoints a vice-president only in case of a vacancy, or Taiwan, in which the president nominates candidates for vice-president in case of a vacancy and the [[Legislative Yuan|Legislative Council]] elects one of them to fill the vacancy).

In cases of both separate elections and appointments, the president and vice-president are not considered running mates because they are not elected on the same ticket.

== In United States politics ==
In the United States, "running mate" refers not only to a candidate for vice president (federal), but also to a candidate for lieutenant governors of those states where the governor and lieutenant governor are jointly elected. Historically, American running mates were chosen by political parties in consultation with the principal candidate (i.e., the person running for president or governor). 

In the late 1960s, it became the practice of the principal candidate in presidential elections to announce their preferred choice of running mate at their political party's national convention. The current practice is for the presumptive nominee of a political party to announce their choice for running mate ''before'' the national convention which, because of the extensive primary election and caucus system, is becoming increasingly irrelevant.((Prove it|date=June 2021))

The practice of running candidates for president and vice president together evolved in the nineteenth century. Originally, electors cast votes for two candidates on the same ballot for president; the candidate who finished second place in the tabulation became vice president. Starting in 1804, the president and vice president were elected on separate ballots as specified in the [[Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] which was adopted in that year((Citation needed|date=June 2021)). As more and more states subsequently began to choose their electors by popular election instead of appointment ([[South Carolina]] being the last state to change, in 1860), candidates began to realize they could run together as a team for president and vice president instead of running completely separately for each office.((Citation needed|date=June 2021))

The practice of a presidential candidate having a running mate was solidified during the [[American Civil War]]. In 1864, in the interest of fostering national unity, [[Abraham Lincoln]] from the Republican Party (popular in the North) and [[Andrew Johnson]] of the Democratic Party (popular in the South) were co-endorsed and ran together for president and vice-president as candidates of the [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union Party]].((Citation needed|date=June 2021)) 

Notwithstanding that this party disbanded after the war ended, with the result that after Lincoln's assassination he was succeeded by a Democrat, Johnson, the states began to place candidates for president and vice-president together on the same ballot ticket, thus making it impossible to vote for a presidential candidate from one party and a vice-presidential candidate from another party, as had previously been possible.((Citation needed|date=June 2021))

Presidential candidates from smaller states sometimes choose a vice presidential running mate from a state with a large number of [[United States Electoral College|electoral votes]]((Why|date=June 2021)) as in 1984, when [[Walter Mondale]] of Minnesota (10 votes) selected [[Geraldine Ferraro]] of New York (then 36 votes).((Citation needed|date=June 2021)) 

It is preferred, but not legally required, that the running mate be from a different state from the presidential nominee, because each elector can vote for no more than one candidate from their own state. Running mates can also be chosen from swing states in order to boost a candidate's chance of winning in the state.((Citation needed|date=June 2021))

((Quotation|In electing a subordinate officer the Electors will not require those qualifications requisite for supreme command. The office of the Vice President will be [[sinecure]]. It will be brought to market and exposed to sale to procure votes for the President.|[[William Cocke]], December 2, 1803|Witcover 1992 cited by Sigelman and Wahlbeck 1997<ref>((cite journal |title=The "Veepstakes": Strategic Choice in Presidential Running Mate Selection |author=Lee Sigelman |author2=Paul J. Wahlbeck |journal=The American Political Science Review |volume=91 |issue=4 |date=December 1997 |pages=855–864 |doi=10.2307/2952169 |jstor=2952169|s2cid=147092948 ))</ref>))

== Outside the United States ==
((multiple issues|section=yes|
((Expand section|date=June 2021))
((unreferenced section|date=June 2022))
))
In many countries in which there are a president and vice-president with both positions being directly elected by popular vote, the running mate of the winning presidential candidate automatically assumes the vice-presidency; a notable exception is the Philippines, in which one presidential candidate can be (and usually is) elected with the running mate of an opposing candidate.

In the [[Republic of Ireland]], the term "running mate" refers to members of the same party who are running for the same [[Dáil constituencies|constituency]] in a general election for [[Dáil Éireann]].

== List of adoption of a running mate system ==
((Multiple issues|section=yes|
((Expand section|date=October 2017))
((unreferenced section|date=June 2022))
))
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Formal adoption !! First election used !! Before !! Notes
|-
| ((Flag|United States)) || Never || Never (''[[de jure]]''); [[1864 United States presidential election|1864]] (''[[de facto]]'') || Separate election || De facto – The United States formally uses a system of [[indirect election]] by an [[Electoral college (United States)|electoral college]]
|-
|rowspan=2| ((Flag|Brazil)) || 1966 || 1966 || Separate and [[indirect election|indirect]] election || [[Indirect election]] by an electoral college was introduced by the [[Brazilian military junta of 1969|1969 military junta]]; until then, the president of Brazil was elected directly.
|-
| 1988 || [[1989 Brazilian presidential election|1989]] || Indirect election under the running mate system || Direct presidential elections were restored, retaining the running mate system, by the 1988 Constitution.
|-
| ((Flag|Bangladesh)) || 1989 || Never || Appointment by president || Vice-presidency abolished upon reversion to [[parliamentary System]] in 1991
|-
| ((Flag|Russia)) || 1991 || 1991 || N/A (no vice-presidency) || [[Vice President of Russia|Vice-presidency]] abolished in 1993 due to adoption of a new Constitution
|-
| ((Flag|Taiwan)) || 1992 || [[1996 Taiwanese presidential election|1996]] || Separate and [[indirect election|indirect]] election ||
|-
| ((Flag|Malawi)) || 1994 || [[1994 Malawian general election|1994]] || N/A (no vice-presidency) ||
|-
| ((Flag|Indonesia)) || 2002 || [[2004 Indonesian presidential election|2004]] || Separate and [[indirect election|indirect]] election ||
|-
| ((Flag|Palau)) || [[2004 Palauan constitutional referendum#Joint election of the president and vice president|2004]] || [[2008 Palauan general election|2008]] || Separate election || The running mate system was abolished in 2008, effective 2012, following which Palau reverted to separate election.
|-
| ((Flag|Zambia)) || 2015 || 2016 || Appointment by president ||
|}

== References ==
((Reflist))
*[http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-clinton-and-trump-are-using-their-running-mates-on-the-campaign-trail/ How Clinton And Trump Are Using Their Running Mates On The Campaign Trail ]

[[Category:Presidential elections in the United States]]
[[Category:Election campaigns]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Running mate (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Blockquote (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Blockquote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Citation needed (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Comma separated entries (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data Bangladesh (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data Brazil (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data Indonesia (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data Malawi (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data Palau (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data Russia (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data Taiwan (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data United States (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data Zambia (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Expand section (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Flag (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Flag/core (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Globalize (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Globalize/name (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:If empty (view source) (protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:More footnotes (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:More footnotes needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Multiple issues (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Multiple issues/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Other uses (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Prove it (edit)
Template:Quotation (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Unreferenced (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Unreferenced section (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Why (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If empty (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Other uses (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Separated entries (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Running mate.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_mate"