You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.201.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪ST47‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a web host's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and they should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 23:54, 31 July 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:55, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:55, 18 April 2025
Your current IP address is 44.201.28.123. The blocked range is 44.201.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Last ruler of the Western Han dynasty (5–25 CE)))
((distinguish|text=[[Ziying]], the last ruler of Qin dynasty))
((Infobox royalty
| name         = Liu Ying<br/>((normal|((lang|zh|劉嬰))))
| full name    = 
| posthumous name = 
| image        = Ruzi Ying.jpg
| caption      = 
| birth_date   = 5 CE
| birth_place  = 
| death_date   = 25 CE
| death_place  = 
| succession   = [[List of emperors of the Han dynasty|Emperor of the]] [[Han dynasty]]
| reign        = 6–9 CE
| predecessor  = [[Emperor Ping of Han]]
| successor    = [[Gengshi Emperor|Gengshi Emperor of Han]]
| father       = 
| mother       = 
| burial_place = Unknown
| spouse       = 
| spouse-type  = 
| era dates    = 
| house        = Liu
| dynasty      = [[Han dynasty|Han]] ([[Han dynasty#Western Han|Western Han]])
))

'''Ruzi Ying''' (((zh|t=孺子嬰|p=Rúzi Yīng|l=Infant Ying)); 5 – February or March 25 CE<ref>1st month of the 1st year of the ''Jianwu'' era, per Emperor Guangwu's biography in ''Book of the Later Han''. The month corresponds to 17 Feb to 17 Mar 25 in the Julian calendar.</ref>), personal name '''Liu Ying''' (((lang|zh|劉嬰))), was a ruler of the [[Han dynasty]] of China and the last of the [[Han dynasty#Western Han|Western Han dynasty]].<ref>((Cite book |last=San |first=Tan Koon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bnCMBAAAQBAJ |title=Dynastic China: An Elementary History |date=2014-08-15 |publisher=The Other Press |isbn=978-983-9541-88-5 |pages=97 |language=en))</ref> He was the titular ruler of the Han Empire from 6 CE to 9 CE, even though he did not officially ascend to the throne and only assumed the title of crown prince. After [[Emperor Ai of Han|Emperor Ai]] and [[Emperor Ping of Han|Emperor Ping]] died without heirs, [[Wang Mang]] chose the youngest of the available successors in order to maintain his power in the government. The child Ying was soon deposed by Wang Mang who declared the [[Xin dynasty]] in place of the Han. During the Xin dynasty, Ying was under effective house arrest—so much so that as an adult, he did not even know the names of common animals. Before and after the Xin dynasty was overthrown in 23 CE, a number of ambitious individuals claimed to be restoring the Han dynasty. In 25 CE, a rebellion against the [[Gengshi Emperor]] used Liu Ying as a focus, and when the rebellion was defeated, Liu Ying was killed. He is often viewed as an innocent child who was the victim of tragic circumstances.

== Choice as the titular ruler ==
In 5 CE, Wang Mang, then already nearly unlimited in power as the imperial regent and fearful that the 13-year-old [[Emperor Ping of Han|Emperor Ping]], once grown-up, would retaliate against him for having slaughtered his uncles in 3 CE, murdered Emperor Ping by poisoning him.  Because the young emperor had not had any children by his wife [[Empress Wang (Ping)|Empress Wang]] (Wang Mang's daughter) or any of his [[concubine]]s, there was no heir.  Emperor Ping's grandfather, [[Emperor Yuan of Han|Emperor Yuan]], had no surviving male issue. Of his three sons, [[Emperor Cheng of Han|Emperor Cheng]] had no issue, and sons of the other two, Liu Kang, Prince of Dingtao (劉康) and Liu Xing, Prince of Zhongshan (劉興), had succeeded to the imperial throne (as [[Emperor Ai of Han|Emperor Ai]] and Emperor Ping, respectively) and died without issue.  The descendants of Emperor Ping's great-grandfather [[Emperor Xuan of Han|Emperor Xuan]] were therefore considered as possible successors.

There were 53 great-grandsons of Emperor Xuan then still living by this stage, but they were all adults, and Wang Mang disliked that situation. He wanted a child whom he could control.  Therefore, he declared that it was inappropriate for members of the same generation to succeed each other (even though Emperor Ping had succeeded his cousin Emperor Ai several years earlier).  He then considered the 23 great-great-grandsons of Emperor Xuan—all of whom were infants or toddlers.

While the examination process was proceeding, the mayor of South [[Chang'an]] submitted a rock with a mysterious red writing on it -- "Wang Mang, the Duke of Anhan, should be emperor."  (During his regency, Wang, building a [[personality cult]] about himself, had made it an open secret that he encouraged the manufacturing of false prophecies that would call for him to have more and more power; this appears to be one of those instances.)  Wang had his political allies force his aunt, Grand Empress Dowager [[Wang Zhengjun]], to issue an edict granting him the title of "Acting Emperor" (假皇帝), with the commission to rule as emperor until a great-great-grandson of Emperor Xuan could be selected and raised.

On 17 April 6 CE,<ref>''jichou'' day of the 3rd month of the 1st year of the ''Ju'she'' era, per Wang Mang's biography in ''Book of Han''</ref> Acting Emperor Wang selected Ying, then just one year old, as the designated successor to Emperor Ping, claiming that soothsayers told him that Ying was the candidate most favoured by the gods.  He gave Ying the epithet ''Ruzi''—the same epithet that [[King Cheng of Zhou]] had when he was in his minority and under the regency of Ji Dan, the [[Duke of Zhou]]—to claim that he was as faithful as the Duke of Zhou.  However, Emperor Ruzi did not ascend the throne, but was given the title of [[crown prince]].  Empress Wang, who was only 14, was given the title [[empress dowager]].

== Brief "reign" ==
Several members of the imperial Liu clan were suspicious of Acting Emperor Wang's intentions.  They started or assisted in several failed rebellions against Wang:

* In 6 CE, Liu Chong (劉崇), the Marquess of Anzhong, made an attack against Wancheng (宛城, in modern [[Nanyang, Henan|Nanyang]], [[Henan]]).  His attack failed, but historians did not specify what happened to him, only that as punishment, Wang had his house filled with filthy water.
* In 7 CE, Zhai Yi (翟義), the governor of the Commandery of Dong (roughly modern [[Puyang]], [[Henan]]) and Liu Xin (劉信), the Marquess of Yanxiang (and the father of Liu Kuang (劉匡), the Prince of Dongping (roughly modern [[Tai'an]], [[Shandong]]) started the largest of these rebellions. They were joined by agrarian rebellion leaders Zhao Peng (趙朋) and Huo Hong (霍鴻) from the area immediately west of the capital [[Chang'an]].  They declared Liu Xin emperor.  Wang Mang responded by sending messengers around the nation to pledge that he would in fact return the throne to Emperor Ruzi once Ruzi was an adult. Wang's armies defeated Zhai and Liu's armies in the winter of 7 CE, and Zhai was captured and executed by [[drawing and quartering]].  Liu fled and was never captured.  Zhao and Huo were also eventually defeated and executed.
* In 9 CE (after Wang Mang had usurped the throne), Liu Kuai (劉快), the Marquess of Xuxiang, attacked the Fuchong dukedom of his brother Liu Ying (劉殷), the former Prince of [[Jiaodong Kingdom|Jiaodong]].  He was defeated and died while fleeing from the battle.

After Zhai and Liu Xin were defeated, Wang became even more satisfied that the empire was entirely under his control, and decided to finally seize the throne and start a new dynasty.  In the winter of 8 CE, a prophecy written on a casket was presented by Ai Zhang (哀章). The prophecy was said to be a divine decree from [[Emperor Gao of Han|Emperor Gao]] (Liu Bang) stating that the throne should be given to Wang, and that Empress Dowager Wang (who was Wang Mang's own daughter) should follow this divine will. Wang issued a decree accepting the position of emperor and establishing the [[Xin dynasty]].

== Life during the Xin Dynasty ==
In the spring of 9 CE, Wang Mang, now emperor, made the former Emperor Ruzi the Duke of Ding'an (and made his daughter, the former Empress Dowager, Duchess Dowager).  The dukedom allegedly included 10,000 households, in which Han emperors were to be enshrined in temples, and Han calendars and uniforms would be allowed.  However, Wang did not actually follow through on these promises.  Indeed, he never allowed the Duke of Ding'an to rule his dukedom, but effectively put the child duke under house arrest under heavy guard.  Not even his [[wet nurse]]s were allowed to stay with him.  As a grown man, Ying did not even know of such common animals as cattle, horses, sheep, chickens, dogs, and pigs.  Wang gave his granddaughter to the Duke of Ding'an in marriage. She was the daughter of his son Wang Yu (王宇), whom he had forced to commit suicide in 3 CE after Wang Yu, unhappy with his dictatorial rule, had conspired with Emperor Ping's uncles from the Wei clan in order to overthrow him.  Other than this, not much is known about the Duke of Ding'an's life during the Xin Dynasty.

== Death ==
After the Xin Dynasty was overthrown in 23 CE and Wang Mang was killed, the imperial descendant Liu Xuan (劉玄) became emperor as the [[Gengshi Emperor]].  However, due to Gengshi Emperor's incompetence, conspiracies and rebellions arose throughout the empire, seeking to displace him.

Two co-conspirators started one of these rebellions in 25 CE—Fang Wang (方望), the former strategist for the local warlord [[Wei Xiao]] (隗囂), and a man named Gong Lin (弓林)—and their group of several thousand men, after kidnapping Ying, occupied Linjing (臨涇, in modern [[Qingyang, Gansu|Qingyang]], [[Gansu]]). In February or March 25, Gengshi Emperor sent his prime minister Li Song (李松) to attack them, and wiped out this rebel force, killing Liu Ying.

==Era names==
*''Jushe'' (居攝) February 6 CE – October 8 CE
*''Chushi'' (初始) November 8 CE – January 9 CE

==Family==
Consorts:
* Lady, of the Wang clan (((lang|zh|王氏)))

==Ancestry==
((ahnentafel | align = center
| boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc;
| boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9;
| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc;
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;
| boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe;
| 1 = Ruzi Ying (5–25)
| 2 = Liu Xian
| 4 = Liu Xun
| 8 = Liu Xiao (d. 25 BCE)
| 16 = [[Emperor Xuan of Han]] (91–48 BCE)
| 17 = Lady Wei
))

==See also==
#[[Family tree of the Han Dynasty]]

==References==
((Reflist))

=== Further reading ===
* ''[[Book of Han]]'', [[:zh:s:漢書/卷008|vol. 8]].

((s-start))
((s-hou|[[Han Dynasty|House of Liu]]||5||25||name=Emperor Ruzi of Han))
((s-reg))
((s-bef|before = [[Emperor Ping of Han]]))
((s-ttl|title = [[Emperor of China]]
|years = 6–9|dynasty=[[Han Dynasty#Western Han|Western Han]]
|regent1=[[Wang Mang]]|years1 = 6–9))
((s-aft|after = [[Wang Mang]]))
((s-end))

((Han emperors))

((authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Ruzi Ying))
[[Category:Western Han dynasty emperors]]
[[Category:Monarchs deposed as children]]
[[Category:Child monarchs from Asia]]
[[Category:AD 5 births]]
[[Category:25 deaths]]
[[Category:1st-century Chinese monarchs]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Ruzi Ying (edit)
Template:Ahnentafel (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ahnentafel/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Br separated entries (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Chinese heads of state (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Delink question hyphen-minus (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Distinguish (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Han emperors (edit)
Template:Has short description (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:If empty (view source) (protected)
Template:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox royalty (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang-zh (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Normal (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:S-aft (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-aft/check (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-aft/filter (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-bef (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-bef/check (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-bef/filter (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-end (view source) (protected)
Template:S-hou (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-reg (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-start (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-ttl (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-ttl/check (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:Zh (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ahnentafel (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Distinguish (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Exponential search (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:GetParameters (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If empty (view source) (protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang-zh (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:MultiReplace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Separated entries (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:String2 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Ruzi Ying.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruzi_Ying"