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((For|the personal name|Sanae (disambiguation)))
((Use dmy dates|date=September 2020))
((Short description|South African National Antarctic Expedition))
((More citations needed|date=October 2010))
[[File:SANAE IV from above the northern buttress.jpg|thumb|SANAE IV]]
'''SANAE''' is the '''South African National Antarctic Expedition'''. The name refers both to the overwintering bases (numbered in [[Roman numerals]], e.g. [[SANAE IV]]), and the team spending the winter (numbered in [[Arabic numerals]], e.g. SANAE 47). The current base, SANAE IV, is located at [[Vesleskarvet]] in [[Queen Maud Land]], [[Antarctica]]. Summer teams comprise administrative and maintenance personnel, helicopter crew and scientists from various countries and can be up to 100 people. Overwintering teams consist of scientists and support personnel from [[South Africa]], typically totalling 10 members in recent years.

The research programme at the SANAE IV base is carried out under the auspices of the [[South African National Antarctic Programme]] (SANAP).

==History==
((Infobox settlement
| name               = SANAE I, II and III
| settlement_type    = [[Research stations in Antarctica|Antarctic research station]]
| pushpin_map        = Antarctica
| pushpin_map_caption = Last location in Antarctica
| pushpin_relief     = y
| coordinates        = ((Polecoord|-70.2984|-2.4261|type=station|name=SANAE I, II and III))
| subdivision_type   = Region
| subdivision_name   = [[Queen Maud Land]]
| subdivision_type1  = Location
| subdivision_name1  = Near [[Blåskimen Island]]
| government_type    = Administration
| governing_body     = [[South African National Antarctic Programme|SANAP]], South Africa
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m        =
| timezone1          =
| utc_offset1        =
| blank_name_sec1    = Active times
| blank_info_sec1    = All year-round
))
((Infobox settlement
| name               = SANAE I
| image_skyline      =
| image_caption      =
| established_title  = Established
| established_date   = ((start date|1962|df=y))
| extinct_title      = Closed
| extinct_date       = ((end date|1963|df=y))
| population_footnotes =
| population_as_of   =
| population_blank1_title = Summer
| population_blank1  =
| population_blank2_title = Winter
| population_blank2  =
| blank1_name_sec1   = Activities
| blank1_info_sec1   =
| blank2_name_sec1   = Facilities
| blank2_info_sec1   =
))
((Infobox settlement
| name               = SANAE II
| image_skyline      =
| image_caption      =
| established_title  = Established
| established_date   = ((start date|1971|df=y))
| extinct_title      = Closed
| extinct_date       = ((end date|1979|df=y))
| population_footnotes =
| population_as_of   =
| population_blank1_title = Summer
| population_blank1  =
| population_blank2_title = Winter
| population_blank2  =
| blank1_name_sec1   = Activities
| blank1_info_sec1   =
| blank2_name_sec1   = Facilities
| blank2_info_sec1   =
))
((Infobox settlement
| name               = SANAE III
| image_skyline      =
| image_caption      =
| established_title  = Established
| established_date   = ((start date|1979|df=y))
| extinct_title      = Closed
| extinct_date       = ((end date|1997|df=y))
| population_footnotes =
| population_as_of   =
| population_blank1_title = Summer
| population_blank1  =
| population_blank2_title = Winter
| population_blank2  =
| blank1_name_sec1   = Activities
| blank1_info_sec1   =
| blank2_name_sec1   = Facilities
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))
The first expedition, SANAE 1, overwintered at [[Queen Maud Land#Later developments|Norway Station]], taken over by South Africa from [[Norway]] after the end of the [[International Geophysical Year|IGY]]. Later teams overwintered at SANAE I, SANAE II and SANAE III, built on the [[Fimbul Ice Shelf]] near the [[Blåskimen Island]]. Built on the moving ice shelf, these stations inevitably got buried,<ref name="cooper">((cite web|last=Cooper|first=John|title=ANTARCTICA AND ISLANDS - Background Research Paper produced for the South Africa Environment Outlook report on behalf of the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism|url=http://soer.deat.gov.za/dm_documents/Antarctica_and_Islands_-_Background_Paper_1DXK5.pdf|access-date=5 October 2010|date=June 2006|page=6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210063827/http://soer.deat.gov.za/dm_documents/Antarctica_and_Islands_-_Background_Paper_1DXK5.pdf|archive-date=10 December 2015|url-status=dead))</ref> and eventually broke off as part of [[icebergs]] drifting away. Successive stations were always repositioned at the same geographical position of ((coord|-70.3167|-2.3500|format=dms|display=inline|name=Original position of SANAE I, II and III)).<ref>((cite web |title=SANAE /S.Afr./ |url=https://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/gaz/scar/display_name.cfm?gaz_id=120399 |website=SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica |publisher=Australian Antarctic Data Centre |access-date=3 March 2024))</ref> [[SANAE IV]] was built on the [[nunatak]] [[Vesleskarvet]] in the hope of having a base with a longer lifetime. The first team to overwinter at SANAE IV was SANAE 36 in 1997. The base has been staffed uninterruptedly since then.

Other expeditions also established [[Borga Base]] and [[Grunehogna Peaks|Sarie Marais Field Base]].

==See also==
* [[Crime in Antarctica]]
* [[South African National Antarctic Programme]]
* [[Gough Island]]
* [[Marion Island]]
* [[SA Agulhas]]
* [[SA Agulhas II]]
* [[List of Antarctic expeditions]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081230180007/http://www.sanap.ac.za/sanap_sanae/sanap_sanae.html South African Research Station] - Official website
*[http://www.facebook.com/groups/69997096822 Facebook Group] - SANAE team discussions

((Portal bar|Earth sciences|Geography|South Africa))
((Antarctica))
((SANAP navbox))
((Antarctic research stations))
((Authority control))
<!--for the bases-->
<!--for the expedition-->

((DEFAULTSORT:Sanae))
[[Category:Outposts of Queen Maud Land]]
[[Category:South African National Antarctic Programme]]
[[Category:Princess Martha Coast]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Antarctica]]

((PrincessMarthaCoast-geo-stub))
((Antarctica-stub))
((SouthAfrica-stub))

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