SHAPE America
Society of Health and Physical Educators
FormationEstablished in 1885, 136 years ago.
FounderEdward Hitchcock
Founded atBrooklyn, NY
Legal statusOrganization
PurposeTo advance professional practice and promote research related to health and physical education, physical activity, dance and sport.
HeadquartersBaltimore, MD
Region served
United States of America, all 50 states.
OwnerPresident - Dr. Kymm Ballard
Websitehttps://www.shapeamerica.org/
Formerly called
American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD)

The Society of Health and Physical Educators, known as SHAPE America, is an American organization that provides support to professionals in health, physical education, recreation and dance.

SHAPE America has had six previous names, most recently the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD), and previously the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation (AAHPER).[1]

Related and/or sister organizations

The alliance at the September 2009 Board of Governor's meeting voted to move forward on motions for the exit of the American Association for Health Education and the restructuring of the National Association for Girls and Women in Sport.

National standards

Associations allied with SHAPE America have developed the following national standards.

Districts and states

SHAPE America has the following districts:

Each state has a separate association.

# State Name of association (or organization) Website
1 Alabama Alabama State Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (ASAHPERD) [8]
2 Alaska Alaska Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (AKAHPERD) [9]
3 Arizona Arizona Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AzHPE) [10]
4 Arkansas Arkansas Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (ArkAHPERD) [11]
5 California California Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (CAHPERD) [12]
6 Colorado Colorado Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (COAHPERD) [13]
7 Connecticut Connecticut Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance (CTAHPERD) [14]
8 Delaware Delaware Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (DAHPERD) [15]
9 Florida Florida Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, Dance and Sport (FAHPERDS) [16]
10 Georgia Georgia Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (GAHPERD) [17]
11 Hawaii Hawaii Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (HAHPERD) [18]
12 Idaho Idaho Association of Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (IAHPERD) [19]
13 Illinois Illinois Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance (IAHPERD) [20]
14 Indiana Indiana Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (IAHPERD) [21]
15 Iowa Iowa Association For Health, Physical Education, Recreation And Dance (IAHPERD) [22]
16 Kansas Kansas Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (KAHPERD) [23]
17 Kentucky Kentucky Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (KAHPERD) [24]
18 Louisiana Louisiana Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (LAHPERD) [25]
19 Maine Maine Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (MAHPERD) [26]
20 Maryland Maryland Association of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (MAHPERD) [27]
21 Massachusetts Massachusetts Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (MAHPERD) [28]
22 Michigan Michigan Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (MAHPERD) [29]
23 Minnesota Minnesota Society of Health and Physical Educators (MNSHAPE) [30]
24 Mississippi Mississippi Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (MAHPERD) [31]
25 Missouri Missouri Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (MOAHPERD) [32]
26 Montana Montana Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (MTAHPERD) [33]
27 Nebraska Nebraska Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (NAHPERD) [34]
28 Nevada Nevada Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (NAHPERD) [35]
29 New Hampshire New Hampshire Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (NHAPERD) [36]
30 New Jersey New Jersey Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (NJAHPERD) [37]
31 New Mexico New Mexico Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (NMAHPERD) [38]
32 New York New York State Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (NYSAHPERD) [39]
33 North Carolina North Carolina Association for Athletics, Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (NCAAHPERD) [40]
34 North Dakota North Dakota Society of Health and Physical Educators (NDSHAPE) [41]
35 Ohio Ohio Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance (OAHPERD) [42]
36 Oklahoma Oklahoma Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (OAHPERD) [43]
37 Oregon Oregon Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (OAHPERD) [44]
38 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania State Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (PSAHPERD) [45]
39 Rhode Island Rhode Island Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (RIAHPERD) [46]
40 South Carolina South Carolina Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (SCAHPERD) [47]
41 South Dakota South Dakota Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (SDAHPERD) [48]
42 Tennessee Tennessee Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (TAHPERD) [49]
43 Texas Texas Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance (TAHPERD) [50]
44 Utah Utah Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (UAPERD) [51]
45 Vermont Vermont Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (VAHPERD) [52]
46 Virginia Virginia Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (VAHPERD) [53]
47 Washington Washington Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (WAHPERD) [54]
48 West Virginia West Virginia Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (WVAHPERD) [55]
49 Wisconsin Wisconsin Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (WAHPERD) [56]
50 Wyoming Wyoming Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (WAHPERD) [57]

National convention

Location Year Theme Annual conference AAHPERD president
Brooklyn, NY 1885 Edward Hitchcock
1886 Would have been the 1st Anniversary Convention Edward Hitchcock
1887 Would have been the 2nd Anniversary Convention Edward Hitchcock / William Blaikie
1888 Would have been the 3rd Anniversary Convention William Blaikie
1889 Would have been the 4th Anniversary Convention William Blaikie
1890 Would have been the 5th Anniversary Convention William Blaikie / Dudley Sargent
1891 Would have been the 6th Anniversary Convention Dudley Sargent / Edward M. Hartwell
1892 Would have been the 7th Anniversary Convention Edward M. Hartwell / Dudley Sargent
1893 Would have been the 8th Anniversary Convention Dudley Sargent
1894 Would have been the 9th Anniversary Convention Dudley Sargent / Jay Seaver
1895 Would have been the 10th Anniversary Convention Jay Seaver / Edward M. Hartwell
1896 Would have been the 11th Anniversary Convention Edward M. Hartwell
1897 Would have been the 12th Anniversary Convention Edward M. Hartwell
1898 Would have been the 13th Anniversary Convention Edward M. Hartwell
1899 Would have been the 14th Anniversary Convention Edward M. Hartwell / Dudley Sargent
1900 Would have been the 15th Anniversary Convention Dudley Sargent
1901 Would have been the 16th Anniversary Convention Dudley Sargent / Watson Savage
1902 Would have been the 17th Anniversary Convention Watson Savage
1903 Would have been the 18th Anniversary Convention Watson Savage / Luther Gulick
1904 Would have been the 19th Anniversary Convention Luther Gulick
1905 Would have been the 20th Anniversary Convention Luther Gulick
1906 Would have been the 21st Anniversary Convention Luther Gulick
1907 Would have been the 22nd Anniversary Convention Luther Gulick / George Meylan
1908 Would have been the 23rd Anniversary Convention George Meylan
1909 Would have been the 24th Anniversary Convention George Meylan
1910 Would have been the 25th Anniversary Convention George Meylan
1911 Would have been the 26th Anniversary Convention George Meylan
1912 Would have been the 27th Anniversary Convention George Meylan / R. Tait McKenzie
1913 Would have been the 28th Anniversary Convention R. Tait McKenzie
1914 Would have been the 29th Anniversary Convention R. Tait McKenzie
1915 Would have been the 30th Anniversary Convention R. Tait McKenzie
1916 Would have been the 31st Anniversary Convention R. Tait McKenzie / Ernst Arnold
1917 Would have been the 32nd Anniversary Convention Ernst Arnold / William Burdick
1918 Would have been the 33rd Anniversary Convention William Burdick
1919 Would have been the 34th Anniversary Convention William Burdick
1920 Would have been the 35th Anniversary Convention William Burdick / Dudley Reed
1921 Would have been the 36th Anniversary Convention Dudley Reed
1922 Would have been the 37th Anniversary Convention Dudley Reed
1923 Would have been the 38th Anniversary Convention Dudley Reed / Carl Schrader
1924 Would have been the 39th Anniversary Convention Carl Schrader
1925 Would have been the 40th Anniversary Convention Carl Schrader
1926 Would have been the 41st Anniversary Convention Carl Schrader / Charles Savage
1927 Would have been the 42nd Anniversary Convention Charles Savage
1928 Would have been the 43rd Anniversary Convention Charles Savage
1929 Would have been the 44th Anniversary Convention Charles Savage / Frederick Maroney
1930 Would have been the 45th Anniversary Convention Frederick Maroney
1931 Would have been the 46th Anniversary Convention Frederick Maroney
Philadelphia, PA 1932 Physical Education Professional Students 47th Anniversary Convention Mabel Lee
Louisville, KY 1933 48th Anniversary Convention Jesse F. Williams
Cleveland, OH 1934 49th Anniversary Convention Mary C. Coleman
Pittsburgh, PA 1935 Health & Physical Education in the New Social 50th Anniversary Convention Strong Hinman
St. Louis, MO 1936 Physical Education and the Enrichment of Living 51st Anniversary Convention Anges R. Wayman
New York City, NY 1937 52nd Anniversary Convention Charles McCloy & William Moorhead
Atlanta, GA 1938 53rd Anniversary Convention Neils P. Neilson
San Francisco, CA 1939 54th Anniversary Convention Grederick Cozens
Chicago, IL 1940 Service for Youth 55th Anniversary Convention Margaret Bell
Atlantic City, NJ 1941 Preparedness - Today and Tomorrow 56th Anniversary Convention Hiram Jones
New Orleans, LA 1942 National Fitness Through Health - Physical 57th Anniversary Convention Ann Duggan
Cincinnati, OH 1943 Victory Through Fitness 58th Anniversary Convention Jay Nash
New York City, NY 1944 Fitness for Today and Tomorrow 59th Anniversary Convention August Pritzlaff
1945 Would have been the 60th Anniversary Convention
St. Louis, MO 1946 Fitness for the American Way of Life 61st Anniversary Convention William Hughes
Seattle, WA 1947 Problems and Plans 62nd Anniversary Convention Helen Manley
Kansas City, MO 1948 New Horizons 63rd Anniversary Convention Vaughn Blanchard
Boston, MA 1949 Together We Build 64th Anniversary Convention Ruth Evans
Dallas, TX 1950 Round-Up on the Range 65th Anniversary Convention Carl Nordly
Detroit, MI 1951 Accent on Youth and Democracy 66th Anniversary Convention Dorothy Ainsworth & Frank Stafford
Los Angeles, CA 1952 United Effort Effective Action 67th Anniversary Convention Bernice Moss
1953 Would have been the 68th Anniversary Convention
New York, NY 1954 The Challenge of Values 69th Anniversary Convention Clifford Brownwell
1955 Would have been the 70th Anniversary Convention
Chicago, IL 1956 Action with Purpose 71st Anniversary Convention Ruth Abernathy
1957 Would have been the 72nd Anniversary Convention
Kansas City, MO 1958 Forward with Fitness in 1958 73rd Anniversary Convention Ray Duncan
Portland, OR 1959 Fitness for the Space Age 74th Anniversary Convention Patricia O'Keefe
Miami Beach, FL 1960 Forging Forces for Fitness 1885-1960 75th Anniversary Convention Arthur Esslinger
Atlantic City, NJ 1961 The Pursuit of Excellence 76th Anniversary Convention Minnie Lynn
Cincinnati, OH 1962 Strengthening Human Resources 77th Anniversary Convention Arthur Daniels
Minneapolis, MN 1963 Interpreting Health, Physical Education, and Recreation 78th Anniversary Convention Anita Aldrich
Washington, DC 1964 New Dimensions for Progress 79th Anniversary Convention Ben Miller
Dallas, TX 1965 Our Profession (Cultural Focus) 80th Anniversary Convention Catherine Allen
Chicago, IL 1966 Achieving Through Action 81st Anniversary Convention Reuben Frost
Las Vegas, NV 1967 Education is Our Business 82nd Anniversary Convention Leona Holbrook
St. Louis, MO 1968 Gateway to Aahpertunity 83rd Anniversary Convention Joy Kistler
Boston, MA 1969 Committed Action Requires Effort 84th Anniversary Convention Mabel Locke
Seattle, WA 1970 We Ourselves Must Change to Master Change 85th Anniversary Convention John M. Cooper
Detroit, MI 1971 ESP - efforts to save programs 86th Anniversary Convention Laura Mae Brown
Houston, TX 1972 Enhancing “The Quality of Life” 87th Anniversary Convention Louis E. Alley
Minneapolis, MN 1973 Unity Though Diversity 88th Anniversary Convention Barbara E. Forker
Anaheim, CA 1974 Fantasy - Reality - Goals 89th Anniversary Convention Willis J. Baughman
Atlantic City, NJ 1975 Come Alive in '75 90th Anniversary Convention Katherine Ley
Milwaukee, WI 1976 Share in the Future 91st Anniversary Convention Roger C. Wiley
Seattle, WA 1977 Alliance on the Move 92nd Anniversary Convention Celeste Ulrich
Kansas City, MO 1978 Put It All Together 93rd Anniversary Convention LeRoy T. Walker
New Orleans, LA 1979 Building Tomorrow 94th Anniversary Convention Margaret Coffey
Detroit, MI 1980 No theme found in program book 95th Anniversary Convention Glenn M. Smith
Boston, MA 1981 The Alliance Sets Sail for Boston 96th Anniversary Convention Fay R. Biles
Houston, TX 1982 Teamed for Excellence 97th Anniversary Convention Peter W. Everett
Minneapolis, MN 1983 A Wellspring for Tomorrow 98th Anniversary Convention Mary K. Osness
Anaheim, CA 1984 Alliance Spirit 99th Anniversary Convention Wayne H. Osness
Atlanta, GA 1985 The Centennial 100th Anniversary Convention Bea N. Orr
Cincinnati, OH 1986 Creating Images 101st Anniversary Convention Anthony A. Annarino
Las Vegas, NV 1987 Roots and Wings 102nd Anniversary Convention Barbara Day Lockhart
Kansas City, MO 1988 Creating Unity 103rd Anniversary Convention Robert A. Pestolesi
Boston, MA 1989 Strength through Diversity 104th Anniversary Convention Jean L. Perry
New Orleans, LA 1990 New Horizons: Opportunities in the 1990s 105th Anniversary Convention Joel Meier
San Francisco, CA 1991 Commitment to Excellence: A Shared Responsibility 106th Anniversary Convention Doris R. Corbett
Indianapolis, IN 1992 Leadership for Healthy Lifestyles 107th Anniversary Convention Harold H. Morris
Washington, DC 1993 (QP2 ) Quality Programs Quality Professionals 108th Anniversary Convention Mimi Murray
Denver, CO 1994 Sharing Our Vision 109th Anniversary Convention Michael G. Davis
Portland, OR 1995 Bridges for Our Future 110th Anniversary Convention Carol V. Persson
Atlanta, GA 1996 Celebrating the Olympic Spirit 111th Anniversary Convention Quentin A. Christian
St. Louis, MO 1997 Dare to Soar! 112th Anniversary Convention Karen J. Dowd
Reno, NV 1998 Change...the only constant 113th Anniversary Convention Keith P. Henschen
Boston, MA 1999 Take the Challenge...Go the Distance 114th Anniversary Convention Jill W. Varnes
Orlando, FL 2000 Connections 115th Anniversary Convention Ronald S. Feingold
Cincinnati, OH 2001 Passing The Baton, Leaving a Legacy 116th Anniversary Convention Lucinda W. Adams
San Diego, CA 2002 A New Alliance: Power in Partnership 117th Anniversary Convention Glenn M. Roswal
Philadelphia,PA 2003 Soar with your Strengths 118th Anniversary Convention JoAnne Owens-Nauslar
New Orleans, LA 2004 Together We Can Lead the Way 119th Anniversary Convention Stephen L. Cone
Chicago, IL 2005 The Present is our Future 120th Anniversary Convention Shirley Holt/Hale
Salt Lake City, UT 2006 Visions for our Future—Reflections on our Past 121st Anniversary Convention Jerry E. Landwer
Baltimore, MD 2007 Valuable, Viable, Visible 122nd Anniversary Convention Danny Ramsey Ballard
Ft. Worth, TX 2008 Celebrate Life Together—Take Time! 123rd Anniversary Convention John Bennett
Tampa, FL 2009 Many Voices, One Mission 124th Anniversary Convention Monica Mize
Indianapolis, IN 2010 Strength Through Partnerships 125th Anniversary Convention Dana Brooks
San Diego, CA 2011 Oceans of Opportunity 126th Anniversary Convention Vicki Worrell
Boston, MA 2012 127th Anniversary Convention
Charlotte, NC 2013 128th Anniversary Convention
St. Louis, MO 2014 129th Anniversary Convention
Seattle, WA 2015 130th Anniversary Convention
Minneapolis, MN 2016 131st Anniversary Convention
Boston, MA 2017 132nd Anniversary Convention
Nashville, TN 2018 133rd Anniversary Convention
Tampa, FL 2019 134th Anniversary Convention
Salt Lake City, UT 2020 135th Anniversary Convention (cancelled)
Virtual 2021 136th Anniversary Convention
New Orleans, LA 2022 137th Anniversary Convention Terri Drain
Seattle, WA 2023 138th Anniversary Convention Kymm Ballard
Cleveland, OH 2024 139th Anniversary Convention Sarah Benes

Programs

Let's Move in School The goal of Let's Move in School is to ensure that every school provides a comprehensive school physical activity program with quality physical education . Let's Move in School is urging physical educators, parents, school administrators and policymakers to get involved in bringing quality physical education and physical activity to schools through a comprehensive school physical activity program.

In 2012 and again in 2016, SHAPE America published the SHAPE OF THE NATION Report : Status of Physical Education in the USA."[59]

See also

References

  1. ^ "AAHPERD Becomes SHAPE America".
  2. ^ "National Association for Sport and Physical Education Information".
  3. ^ "SHAPE America Central Districts".
  4. ^ "SHAPE America Eastern Districts".
  5. ^ "SHAPE America Midwest Districts".
  6. ^ "SHAPE America Western Districts".
  7. ^ "SHAPE America Southern Districts".
  8. ^ "Alabama State Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (ASAHPERD)".
  9. ^ "Alaska Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (AKAHPERD)".
  10. ^ "Arizona Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AzHPE)".
  11. ^ "Arkansas Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (ArkAHPERD)".
  12. ^ "California Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (CAHPERD)".
  13. ^ "Colorado Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (COAHPERD)".
  14. ^ "Connecticut Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance (CTAHPERD)".
  15. ^ "Delaware Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (DAHPERD)".
  16. ^ "Florida Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, Dance and Sport (FAHPERDS)".
  17. ^ "Georgia Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (GAHPERD)".
  18. ^ "Hawaii Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (HAHPERD)".
  19. ^ "Idaho Association of Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (IAHPERD)".
  20. ^ "Illinois Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance (IAHPERD)".
  21. ^ "Indiana Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (IAHPERD)".
  22. ^ "Iowa Association For Health, Physical Education, Recreation And Dance (IAHPERD)".
  23. ^ "Kansas Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (KAHPERD)".
  24. ^ "Kentucky Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (KAHPERD)".
  25. ^ "Louisiana Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (LAHPERD)".
  26. ^ "Maine Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (MAHPERD)".
  27. ^ "Maryland Association of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (MAHPERD)".
  28. ^ "Massachusetts Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (MAHPERD)".
  29. ^ "Michigan Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (MAHPERD)".
  30. ^ "Minnesota Society of Health and Physical Educators (MNSHAPE)".
  31. ^ "Mississippi Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (MAHPERD)".
  32. ^ "Missouri Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (MOAHPERD)".
  33. ^ "Montana Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (MTAHPERD)".
  34. ^ "Nebraska Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (NAHPERD)".
  35. ^ "Nevada Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (NAHPERD)".
  36. ^ "New Hampshire Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (NHAPERD)".
  37. ^ "New Jersey Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (NJAHPERD)".
  38. ^ "New Mexico Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (NMAHPERD)".
  39. ^ "New York State Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (NYSAHPERD)".
  40. ^ "North Carolina Association for Athletics, Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (NCAAHPERD)".
  41. ^ "North Dakota Society of Health and Physical Educators (NDSHAPE)".
  42. ^ "Ohio Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance (OAHPERD)".
  43. ^ "Oklahoma Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (OAHPERD)".
  44. ^ "Oregon Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (OAHPERD)".
  45. ^ "Pennsylvania State Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (PSAHPERD)".
  46. ^ "Rhode Island Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (RIAHPERD)".
  47. ^ "South Carolina Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (SCAHPERD)".
  48. ^ "South Dakota Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (SDAHPERD)".
  49. ^ "Tennessee Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (TAHPERD)".
  50. ^ "Texas Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance (TAHPERD)".
  51. ^ "Utah Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (UAPERD)".
  52. ^ "Vermont Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (VAHPERD)".
  53. ^ "Virginia Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (VAHPERD)".
  54. ^ "Washington Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (WAHPERD)".
  55. ^ "West Virginia Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (WVAHPERD)".
  56. ^ "Wisconsin Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (WAHPERD)".
  57. ^ "Wyoming Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (WAHPERD)".
  58. ^ "Stark Center - The H.J. Lutcher Stark Center for Physical Culture and Sports".
  59. ^ "Shape of the Nation" (PDF). www.shapeamerica.org. 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2019.

Sources

External links

Authority control databases
Categories