ꦱ
sa
Aksara nglegena
Aksara pasangan
Javanese script
Latin orthographysa
Phoneme[s]
UnicodeA9B1
This article contains letters from the Javanese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Javanese characters.

ꦱ is a syllabogram in Javanese script that represents the sounds /sɔ/ and /sa/. It is transliterated to Latin as "sa", and sometimes in Indonesian orthography as "so". It has another form (pasangan), which is ꧀ꦱ, but represented by a single Unicode code point, U+A9B1.[1][2][3]

Pasangan

Its pasangan form ꧀ꦱ, is one of six pasangan that are placed on the right-hand side of the previous syllable. Therefore, it is permissible to write two pasangan at the same time without having to resort to pangkon (꧀).

The location of the sandhangan ꦶ, ꦼ, or ꦁ is on top the pasangan, not on the previous syllable. (See glyph table below)

Extended form

The letter ꦱ has a murda form, which is ꦯ.

Using cecak telu (ꦱ꦳), the syllable represents /ʃa/.

Mahaprana

Mahaprana letters were originally aspirated consonants used in Sanskrit and Kawi transliterations. However, there are no aspirated consonants in modern Javanese. The mahaprana form of ꦱ is ꦰ.

Glyphs

Nglegena forms Pasangan forms
ꦱ sa ꦱꦃ sah ꦱꦁ sang ꦱꦂ sar ◌꧀ꦱ -sa ◌꧀ꦱꦃ -sah ◌꧀ꦱꦁ -sang ◌꧀ꦱꦂ -sar
ꦱꦺ se ꦱꦺꦃ seh ꦱꦺꦁ seng ꦱꦺꦂ ser ◌꧀ꦱꦺ -se ◌꧀ꦱꦺꦃ -seh ◌꧀ꦱꦺꦁ -seng ◌꧀ꦱꦺꦂ -ser
ꦱꦼ sê ꦱꦼꦃ sêh ꦱꦼꦁ sêng ꦱꦼꦂ sêr ◌꧀ꦱꦼ -sê ◌꧀ꦱꦼꦃ -sêh ◌꧀ꦱꦼꦁ -sêng ◌꧀ꦱꦼꦂ -sêr
ꦱꦶ si ꦱꦶꦃ sih ꦱꦶꦁ sing ꦱꦶꦂ sir ◌꧀ꦱꦶ -si ◌꧀ꦱꦶꦃ -sih ◌꧀ꦱꦶꦁ -sing ◌꧀ꦱꦶꦂ -sir
ꦱꦺꦴ so ꦱꦺꦴꦃ soh ꦱꦺꦴꦁ song ꦱꦺꦴꦂ sor ◌꧀ꦱꦺꦴ -so ◌꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦃ -soh ◌꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦁ -song ◌꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦂ -sor
ꦱꦸ su ꦱꦸꦃ suh ꦱꦸꦁ sung ꦱꦸꦂ sur ◌꧀ꦱꦸ -su ◌꧀ꦱꦸꦃ -suh ◌꧀ꦱꦸꦁ -sung ◌꧀ꦱꦸꦂ -sur
ꦱꦿ sra ꦱꦿꦃ srah ꦱꦿꦁ srang ꦱꦿꦂ srar ◌꧀ꦱꦿ -sra ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦃ -srah ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦁ -srang ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦂ -srar
ꦱꦿꦺ sre ꦱꦿꦺꦃ sreh ꦱꦿꦺꦁ sreng ꦱꦿꦺꦂ srer ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦺ -sre ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦺꦃ -sreh ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦺꦁ -sreng ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦺꦂ -srer
ꦱꦽ srê ꦱꦽꦃ srêh ꦱꦽꦁ srêng ꦱꦽꦂ srêr ◌꧀ꦱꦽ -srê ◌꧀ꦱꦽꦃ -srêh ◌꧀ꦱꦽꦁ -srêng ◌꧀ꦱꦽꦂ -srêr
ꦱꦿꦶ sri ꦱꦿꦶꦃ srih ꦱꦿꦶꦁ sring ꦱꦿꦶꦂ srir ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦶ -sri ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦶꦃ -srih ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦶꦁ -sring ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦶꦂ -srir
ꦱꦿꦺꦴ sro ꦱꦿꦺꦴꦃ sroh ꦱꦿꦺꦴꦁ srong ꦱꦿꦺꦴꦂ sror ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦺꦴ -sro ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦺꦴꦃ -sroh ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦺꦴꦁ -srong ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦺꦴꦂ -sror
ꦱꦿꦸ sru ꦱꦿꦸꦃ sruh ꦱꦿꦸꦁ srung ꦱꦿꦸꦂ srur ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦸ -sru ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦸꦃ -sruh ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦸꦁ -srung ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦸꦂ -srur
ꦱꦾ sya ꦱꦾꦃ syah ꦱꦾꦁ syang ꦱꦾꦂ syar ◌꧀ꦱꦾ -sya ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦃ -syah ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦁ -syang ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦂ -syar
ꦱꦾꦺ sye ꦱꦾꦺꦃ syeh ꦱꦾꦺꦁ syeng ꦱꦾꦺꦂ syer ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦺ -sye ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦺꦃ -syeh ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦺꦁ -syeng ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦺꦂ -syer
ꦱꦾꦼ syê ꦱꦾꦼꦃ syêh ꦱꦾꦼꦁ syêng ꦱꦾꦼꦂ syêr ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦼ -syê ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦼꦃ -syêh ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦼꦁ -syêng ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦼꦂ -syêr
ꦱꦾꦶ syi ꦱꦾꦶꦃ syih ꦱꦾꦶꦁ sying ꦱꦾꦶꦂ syir ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦶ -syi ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦶꦃ -syih ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦶꦁ -sying ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦶꦂ -syir
ꦱꦾꦺꦴ syo ꦱꦾꦺꦴꦃ syoh ꦱꦾꦺꦴꦁ syong ꦱꦾꦺꦴꦂ syor ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦺꦴ -syo ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦺꦴꦃ -syoh ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦺꦴꦁ -syong ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦺꦴꦂ -syor
ꦱꦾꦸ syu ꦱꦾꦸꦃ syuh ꦱꦾꦸꦁ syung ꦱꦾꦸꦂ syur ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦸ -syu ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦸꦃ -syuh ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦸꦁ -syung ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦸꦂ -syur
Other forms
Nglegena forms Pasangan forms
ꦱ꦳ sya ꦱ꦳ꦃ syah ꦱ꦳ꦁ syang ꦱ꦳ꦂ syar ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ -sya ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦃ -syah ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦁ -syang ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦂ -syar
ꦱ꦳ꦺ sye ꦱ꦳ꦺꦃ syeh ꦱ꦳ꦺꦁ syeng ꦱ꦳ꦺꦂ syer ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦺ -sye ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦺꦃ -syeh ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦺꦁ -syeng ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦺꦂ -syer
ꦱ꦳ꦼ syê ꦱ꦳ꦼꦃ syêh ꦱ꦳ꦼꦁ syêng ꦱ꦳ꦼꦂ syêr ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦼ -syê ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦼꦃ -syêh ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦼꦁ -syêng ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦼꦂ -syêr
ꦱ꦳ꦶ syi ꦱ꦳ꦶꦃ syih ꦱ꦳ꦶꦁ sying ꦱ꦳ꦶꦂ syir ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦶ -syi ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦶꦃ -syih ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦶꦁ -sying ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦶꦂ -syir
ꦱ꦳ꦺꦴ syo ꦱ꦳ꦺꦴꦃ syoh ꦱ꦳ꦺꦴꦁ syong ꦱ꦳ꦺꦴꦂ syor ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦺꦴ -syo ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦺꦴꦃ -syoh ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦺꦴꦁ -syong ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦺꦴꦂ -syor
ꦱ꦳ꦸ syu ꦱ꦳ꦸꦃ syuh ꦱ꦳ꦸꦁ syung ꦱ꦳ꦸꦂ syur ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦸ -syu ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦸꦃ -syuh ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦸꦁ -syung ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦸꦂ -syur
ꦱ꦳ꦿ syra ꦱ꦳ꦿꦃ syrah ꦱ꦳ꦿꦁ syrang ꦱ꦳ꦿꦂ syrar ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿ -syra ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦃ -syrah ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦁ -syrang ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦂ -syrar
ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺ syre ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦃ syreh ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦁ syreng ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦂ syrer ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺ -syre ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦃ -syreh ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦁ -syreng ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦂ -syrer
ꦱ꦳ꦽ syrê ꦱ꦳ꦽꦃ syrêh ꦱ꦳ꦽꦁ syrêng ꦱ꦳ꦽꦂ syrêr ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦽ -syrê ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦽꦃ -syrêh ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦽꦁ -syrêng ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦽꦂ -syrêr
ꦱ꦳ꦿꦶ syri ꦱ꦳ꦿꦶꦃ syrih ꦱ꦳ꦿꦶꦁ syring ꦱ꦳ꦿꦶꦂ syrir ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦶ -syri ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦶꦃ -syrih ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦶꦁ -syring ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦶꦂ -syrir
ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦴ syro ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦃ syroh ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦁ syrong ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦂ syror ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦴ -syro ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦃ -syroh ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦁ -syrong ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦂ -syror
ꦱ꦳ꦿꦸ syru ꦱ꦳ꦿꦸꦃ syruh ꦱ꦳ꦿꦸꦁ syrung ꦱ꦳ꦿꦸꦂ syrur ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦸ -syru ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦸꦃ -syruh ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦸꦁ -syrung ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦸꦂ -syrur
ꦱ꦳ꦾ syya ꦱ꦳ꦾꦃ syyah ꦱ꦳ꦾꦁ syyang ꦱ꦳ꦾꦂ syyar ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾ -syya ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦃ -syyah ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦁ -syyang ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦂ -syyar
ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺ syye ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦃ syyeh ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦁ syyeng ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦂ syyer ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺ -syye ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦃ -syyeh ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦁ -syyeng ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦂ -syyer
ꦱ꦳ꦾꦼ syyê ꦱ꦳ꦾꦼꦃ syyêh ꦱ꦳ꦾꦼꦁ syyêng ꦱ꦳ꦾꦼꦂ syyêr ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦼ -syyê ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦼꦃ -syyêh ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦼꦁ -syyêng ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦼꦂ -syyêr
ꦱ꦳ꦾꦶ syyi ꦱ꦳ꦾꦶꦃ syyih ꦱ꦳ꦾꦶꦁ syying ꦱ꦳ꦾꦶꦂ syyir ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦶ -syyi ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦶꦃ -syyih ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦶꦁ -syying ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦶꦂ -syyir
ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦴ syyo ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦃ syyoh ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦁ syyong ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦂ syyor ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦴ -syyo ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦃ -syyoh ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦁ -syyong ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦂ -syyor
ꦱ꦳ꦾꦸ syyu ꦱ꦳ꦾꦸꦃ syyuh ꦱ꦳ꦾꦸꦁ syyung ꦱ꦳ꦾꦸꦂ syyur ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦸ -syyu ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦸꦃ -syyuh ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦸꦁ -syyung ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦸꦂ -syyur

Unicode block

Main article: Javanese (Unicode block)

Javanese script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.

Javanese[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+A98x ꦀ ꦁ ꦂ ꦃ ꦄ ꦅ ꦆ ꦇ ꦈ ꦉ ꦊ ꦋ ꦌ ꦍ ꦎ ꦏ
U+A99x ꦐ ꦑ ꦒ ꦓ ꦔ ꦕ ꦖ ꦗ ꦘ ꦙ ꦚ ꦛ ꦜ ꦝ ꦞ ꦟ
U+A9Ax ꦠ ꦡ ꦢ ꦣ ꦤ ꦥ ꦦ ꦧ ꦨ ꦩ ꦪ ꦫ ꦬ ꦭ ꦮ ꦯ
U+A9Bx ꦰ ꦱ ꦲ ꦳ ꦴ ꦵ ꦶ ꦷ ꦸ ꦹ ꦺ ꦻ ꦼ ꦽ ꦾ ꦿ
U+A9Cx ꧀ ꧁ ꧂ ꧃ ꧄ ꧅ ꧆ ꧇ ꧈ ꧉ ꧊ ꧋ ꧌ ꧍ ꧏ
U+A9Dx ꧐ ꧑ ꧒ ꧓ ꧔ ꧕ ꧖ ꧗ ꧘ ꧙ ꧞ ꧟
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 15.1
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

References

  1. ^ Campbell, George L. Compendium of the World's Languages. Vol. 1. New York: Routledge, 2000.
  2. ^ Soemarmo, Marmo. "Javanese Script." Ohio Working Papers in Linguistics and Language Teaching 14.Winter (1995): 69-103.
  3. ^ Daniels, Peter T and William Bright. The World's Writing Systems. Ed. Peter T Daniels and William Bright. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.


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