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((multiple issues|((More citations needed|date=May 2007))((third party|date=January 2024))((notability|date=January 2024))))
((Eucharist|expanded=Theology))
In [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS Church), the '''Holy Sacrament of the Lord's Supper''',<ref>See, e.g., ((Cite book|first= B. H. |last= Roberts |author-link= B. H. Roberts |year= 1938 |title= [[Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] | publisher=Deseret News Press |oclc=0842503005 )) ((Page needed|date=September 2010))</ref> most often simply referred to as '''the sacrament''', is the [[ordinance (Latter Day Saints)|ordinance]] in which participants eat bread and drink water in remembrance of the body and blood of [[Jesus|Jesus Christ]]. Normally, the sacrament is provided every Sunday as part of the [[sacrament meeting]] in each LDS Church [[ward (LDS Church)|congregation]].

In the LDS Church, the word "[[Ordinance (Latter Day Saints)|ordinance]]" is used approximately as the word [[sacrament]] is used in many other denominations of Christianity. In the LDS Church, the sacrament is a specific ordinance. Latter-day Saint adherents regard partaking of the sacrament to be a commandment of Jesus Christ; participating in it demonstrates a willingness to remember the [[atonement in Christianity|atonement of Jesus Christ]].<ref name="Ensign-1985">((cite journal |last1=Dallin H. |first1=Oaks |author1-link=Dallin H. Oaks |title=Taking upon Us the Name of Jesus Christ |journal=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |date=May 1985 |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=101–105 |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1985/05/taking-upon-us-the-name-of-jesus-christ?lang=eng |access-date=4 March 2021))</ref>

In each congregation of the LDS Church, the sacrament is offered on a weekly basis during [[sacrament meeting]]; the sacrament is not provided during [[General Conference (LDS Church)|general]] and [[Stake (Mormonism)|stake]] conferences. As most [[Priest (Latter Day Saints)|males]] in the church age 16 years and older can perform the ordinance, church congregations may send men to the homes of sick or housebound members in order to provide them with the sacrament. Fathers of families occasionally perform the ordinance with their families during times of illness or travel, but this requires the approval of the local [[Bishop (Latter Day Saints)|bishop]] or [[branch president]] and is not intended to replace the regular attendance of public sacrament meetings. In areas lacking an organized church presence or in times when meeting is impossible, a [[Priesthood (LDS Church)|priesthood]] holder in the household generally administers the sacrament to his family and possibly to others nearby who do not have a priesthood holder in the home.

==Sacrament ceremony==

===Administration of the sacrament to the congregation===
In LDS sacrament meetings, the sacrament is passed to members of the congregation after being blessed by a [[Priest (Latter Day Saints)|priest]] from the [[Aaronic priesthood (LDS Church)|Aaronic priesthood]] or a member of the [[Melchizedek priesthood (Latter Day Saints)|Melchizedek priesthood]]. The sacrament table is prepared before the meeting begins, usually by [[Teacher (Latter Day Saints)|teachers]], by placing whole slices of bread on trays and filling small individual water cups, which are also held in trays. Both bread and water trays are then covered with white cloth. After introductory prayers, administrative business, and announcements, the sacrament portion of the service begins. It is customary for the congregation to sing a [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints hymns|hymn]] while the bread is uncovered and prepared. The congregation remains seated while the priesthood representatives stand and break bread into bite-sized pieces. The breaking of the bread represents the broken body of Christ.<ref name="Ensign-2017">((cite journal |last1=Christofferson |first1=D. Todd |author1-link=D. Todd Christofferson |title=The Living Bread Which Came Down from Heaven |journal=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |date=October 2017 |volume=47 |issue=11 |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/2017/11/saturday-morning-session/the-living-bread-which-came-down-from-heaven?lang=eng |access-date=4 March 2021))</ref> After breaking the bread and the conclusion of the hymn, the priesthood holder kneels and says a set prayer on the broken bread. The bread is passed to the congregation by priesthood holders, usually by [[Deacon (Latter Day Saints)|deacons]]. The prayer on the bread is found in the [[Book of Mormon]] and [[Doctrine and Covenants]]:

:"O [[God in Mormonism|God]], the [[God the Father#Nontrinitarianism|Eternal Father]], we ask thee in the name of thy Son, Jesus Christ, to bless and sanctify this bread to the souls of all those who partake of it; that they may eat in remembrance of the body of thy Son, and witness unto thee, O God, the Eternal Father, that they are willing to take upon them the name of thy Son, and always remember him, and keep his commandments which he has<ref>in the Book of Mormon, the verse reads "which he ''hath'' given them".</ref> given them, that they may always have [[Holy Spirit (Christian denominational variations)#Latter Day Saints|his Spirit]] to be with them. Amen." ([[Book of Moroni]] 4:3, [[Doctrine and Covenants]] 20:77).

After the bread is passed to the congregation, the bread trays are placed on the table and covered with the white cloth. The water trays are then uncovered and a set prayer is given on the water, which is then passed to the congregation. The prayer on the water indicates that the water represents the shed blood of Christ:

:"O God, the Eternal Father, we ask thee, in the name of thy Son, Jesus Christ, to bless and sanctify this [water]<ref>The text of the Book of Mormon and Doctrine and Covenants contains the word "wine" rather than "water". Since the LDS Church uses water rather than wine in the sacrament, the word is changed to "water" in the prayer.</ref> to the souls of all those who drink of it, that they may do it in remembrance of the blood of thy Son, which was shed for them; that they may witness unto thee, O God, the Eternal Father, that they do always remember him, that they may have his Spirit to be with them. Amen." ([[Book of Moroni]] 5:2, [[Doctrine and Covenants]] 20:79).

After the water is passed to the congregation, the water trays are covered with the bread trays for the remainder of the service. Usually, those who have prepared the bread and water prior to the meeting have the responsibility of disposing of them after the meeting. The leftover bread and water are discarded. Latter-day Saints  believe the bread and water to be symbols, not [[Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist|the actual body and blood of Christ]];  therefore, discarding blessed bread and water is not considered sacrilegious.

The sacramental prayers are different from most other [[Prayer in Latter Day Saint theology and practice|prayers in the LDS Church]] in that they must be recited verbatim. If the person blessing the sacrament makes a mistake and does not correct himself, the bishop or branch president will signal that the prayer must be repeated until recited correctly.

==Changes in sacrament administration==
* Weekly administration of the sacrament in the LDS Church did not begin until the 1850s. There is no revelation directly commanding the sacrament to be a weekly practice, but the custom developed and spread throughout the church over time.
* Until the late 1890s or early-20th century, the entire congregation kneeled during the sacramental prayers, consistent with D&C 20:76<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/20.76?lang=eng |title=Doctrine and Covenants 20:76 |publisher=churchofjesuschrist.org |date=February 21, 2012 |access-date=4 March 2021))</ref> and Moroni 4:2.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/moro/4.2?lang=eng |title=Moroni 4:2 |publisher=churchofjesuschrist.org |date=February 21, 2012 |access-date=November 5, 2013))</ref>  Current practice requires that only the individual giving the prayer kneel.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/handbook-2-administering-the-church/priesthood-ordinances-and-blessings/priesthood-ordinances-and-blessings?lang=eng |title=Priesthood Ordinances and Blessings |publisher=churchofjesuschrist.org |date=February 21, 2012 |access-date=November 5, 2013))</ref>
* Deacons and teachers did not originally take part in the preparing or passing of the sacrament, a practice which was first adopted in 1898<ref name="Proceedings">((cite book |last1=Lyman |first1=Francis M. |author1-link=Francis M. Lyman |editor1-last=Deseret Sunday School Union |editor1-link=Deseret Sunday School Union |title=Proceedings of the Sunday School Convention |date=1899 |page=75 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCROAAAAYAAJ |access-date=4 March 2021 |language=en |chapter=The Administration of the Sacrament in the Sunday School|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCROAAAAYAAJ&dq=Francis%20M.%20Lyman%5D%5D%2C%20Proceedings%20of%20the%20First%20Sunday%20School%20Convention&pg=PA75))</ref> and was widely implemented in the 1920s or 1930s. Previous reluctance to involve them was probably due to the following verse from the LDS Doctrine and Covenants:
: <blockquote>″But neither teachers nor deacons have authority to baptize, administer the sacrament, or lay on hands″ ([[Doctrine and Covenants]] 20:58).<ref>Additional scriptural support for this interpretation may be found in Moroni 4:1 "1 The manner of their elders and priests administering the flesh and blood of Christ unto the church; and they administered it according to the commandments of Christ; wherefore we know the manner to be true; and the elder or priest did minister it"</ref></blockquote>
:The term "administer" has since been interpreted as referring to recitation of the sacrament prayer, which deacons and teachers are not given the authority to do.
* Individual water cups, instead of drinking from a common cup, were introduced in 1911.<ref name="Bray">((cite web |last1=Bray |first1=Justin R. |date=2011 |title='All Progressive Wards Are Buying': The Individual Sacrament Cup |url=https://rsc-legacy.byu.edu/archived/byu-religious-education-student-symposium-2011/all-progressive-wards-are-buying-individual |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120030158/https://rsc-legacy.byu.edu/archived/byu-religious-education-student-symposium-2011/all-progressive-wards-are-buying-individual |archive-date=20 November 2020 |access-date=4 March 2021 |website=byu.edu |publisher=[[Brigham Young University]], [[Religious Studies Center]] |language=en |quote=))</ref>
* Passing the sacrament first to the presiding church authority was emphasized in 1946.<ref name="McKay">((cite journal |last1=McKay |first1=David O. |author1-link=David O. McKay |title=The Lord's Sacrament |journal=Conference Report |date=April 1946 |page=116 |url=https://scriptures.byu.edu/#:tec:p51c |access-date=4 March 2021 |quote=Rather should that young man carry the sacrament to the presiding officer, not to honor him, but the office.))</ref>

===Temporary adjustments===

* Occasionally, a lack of access to bread will result in the use of food other than bread in the sacrament. For instance, after the [[World War II|Second World War]], members in Switzerland, under heavy food rationing, "were so anxious to partake of the sacrament that they purchased some potato peelings which cost fifty dollars and used these in place of bread."<ref name="Babbel1998p46">((cite book |last1=Babbel |first1=Frederick W. |title=On Wings of Faith: My Daily Walk with a Prophet |date=1998 |publisher=Cedar Fort Incorporated |isbn=978-1-55517-354-8 |page=46 |language=en))</ref>
* On March 12, 2020, due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], leaders of the church announced a temporary suspension of all large meetings for members of the church worldwide, including weekly sacrament meetings, which is effective until further notice. Among the instructions given during this period of time was the directive that the bishops of each congregation ensure that those over whom they have stewardship receive the sacrament at least once a month during this period of time.<ref>((cite press release |last= First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints |first= |date=12 March 2020 |title= Update: Gatherings of Church Members Temporarily Suspended Worldwide |url=https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/gatherings-worldwide-temporarily-suspended |location= |publisher=[[churchofjesuschrist.org]] |agency= Newsroom|access-date=4 March 2021))</ref><ref>((cite press release |last= |first= |date= 16 April 2020 |title= Directions for Essential Ordinances, Blessings, and Other Church Functions |url=https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/essential-ordinances-blessings-other-church-functions |location= |publisher= Newsroom, [[churchofjesuschrist.org]] |agency=|access-date=4 March 2021))</ref>

==Meaning of the sacrament==
The sacrament is viewed by adherents as a renewal of a member's [[Covenant (Latter Day Saints)|covenant]] made at [[Baptism (Latter Day Saints)|baptism]].<ref>((cite book |title=[[Gospel Principles]] |date=2011 |publisher=The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints |location=Salt Lake City, Utah |access-date=4 March 2021 |chapter=Chapter 23: The Sacrament|chapter-url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-principles/chapter-23-the-sacrament?lang=eng))</ref> According to the sacramental prayers, a person eats and drinks in remembrance of the body and blood of Jesus, promises to always remember Him, take His name upon them, and keep His commandments. In return, the prayer promises that the participant will always have the [[Holy Spirit|Spirit]] to be with them.

The sacrament is considered the most sacred and important element of normal Sabbath day observance and as such is approached by Latter-day Saints with reverence and in a spirit of [[penitence]]. Consequently, all who partake of the sacrament are encouraged to examine their own [[Conscience|consciences]] and prayerfully gauge their own worthiness to do so. If they feel unworthy, they are encouraged to refrain from participating in the sacrament until they have properly repented of their sins. Partaking of the sacrament by non-members and unbaptized members is permissible (except in cases where the person has been [[Excommunication (LDS Church)|excommunicated]] by the church),<ref name="Ensign-1983">((cite journal |last1=Burton |first1=Theodore M. |author1-link=Theodore M. Burton |title=To Forgive Is Divine |journal=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |date=May 1983 |volume=13 |issue=5 |page=70 |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1983/05/to-forgive-is-divine?lang=eng |access-date=4 March 2021))</ref> but the unbaptized are regarded as not having part of the covenant associated with the sacrament.

==See also==
((Portal|Christianity|Latter Day Saint movement))
*[[Hydroparastatae]]
*[[Sacrament (Community of Christ)]]

==Notes==
((Reflist))

((Latter-day Saints))

[[Category:Latter Day Saint ordinances, rituals, and symbolism]]
[[Category:Sacraments]]
[[Category:Latter Day Saint terms]]
[[Category:1830 establishments in New York (state)]]
[[Category:1830 in Christianity]]
[[Category:Eucharist]]

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