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((About|the city in Sahiwal District))
((For|the district|Sahiwal District))
((Multiple issues|
((more citations needed|date=September 2015))
((original research|date=October 2017))
))
((Infobox settlement
| official_name                   = Sahiwal
| name                            = 
| native_name                     = ((Nastaliq|ساہِيوال))
| native_name_lang                = 
| other_name             = ((Nastaliq |منٹگمری))
| settlement_type                 = [[List of cities in Punjab (Pakistan)|City]]
| image_skyline                   = ((Photomontage
|photo1a=SahiwalStation.jpg
|photo2b=FOREST PAKISTAN.jpg
|photo3a=New Campus Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal.jpeg
|photo2a=Ravi bridge.jpg
|size    = 270
|border  = 0
|color   =black
))
| image size                       = 
| image_alt                       = 
| image_caption                   = From top to bottom:<br /> [[Sahiwal railway station|Sahiwal Railway Station]], Ravi Bridge, [[Chichawatni]] Forest, [[Sahiwal Medical College]]<br />
| image_map                       = 
| mapsize                         = 
| map_alt                         = 
| map_caption                     = 
| pushpin_map                     = Punjab Pakistan#Pakistan
| pushpin_label_position          = left
| pushpin_mapsize                 = 
| coordinates                     = ((Coord|30|39|40|N|73|6|30|E|type:city_region:PK|display=inline,title))
| subdivision_type                = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name                = ((PAK))
| subdivision_type1               = [[Provinces of Pakistan|Province]]
| subdivision_name1               = ((flagicon|Punjab)) [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[Divisions of Pakistan|Division]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
| subdivision_type3               = [[Districts of Pakistan|District]]
| subdivision_name3               = Sahiwal
| area_metro_km2                  =3201
| area_total_km2=60 
| total_type=City
| elevation_m                     = 152.4
| population_as_of                = [[2017 Census of Pakistan|2017]]
| population_total                = 389,605
|population_rank=[[List of largest cities in Pakistan|22nd, Pakistan]]
| population_density_km2          =auto
| population_footnotes             =<ref name="bos">((cite book|title=Punjab Development Statistics 2016|publisher=Bureau of Statistics, [[Government of Punjab, Pakistan|Government of The Punjab]]|page=335(340)|url=https://bos.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/Dev-2016.pdf|access-date=28 May 2017|language=en|chapter=Table 209))</ref>
| established_date                = 1865
| timezone1                       = [[Pakistan Standard Time|PST]]
| utc_offset1                     = +5
| demographics1_title1            = Main language(s)
| demographics1_info1             = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]], [[Pakistani English|English]]
| postal_code_type                = [[Postal codes in Pakistan|Postal code]]
| postal_code                     = 57000
| area_code                       = 040
| area_code_type                  = [[List of dialling codes in Pakistan|Calling code]]
| website                         = 
| blank_name                      = No. of Union Councils
| blank_info                      = 52<br /> (11 urban, 41 rural)<ref name="bos"/>
| government_type                 = Metropolitan Corporation
))
[[File:SahiwalStation.jpg|thumb|Main Railway Station]]
'''Sahiwal''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and ((lang-ur|((Nastaliq|ساہِيوال))))), formerly known as '''Montgomery''', is a city in [[Punjab, Pakistan]]. It is the [[List of most populous cities in Pakistan|21st largest city of Pakistan]] by population and the administrative capital of both [[Sahiwal District]] and [[Sahiwal Division]].<ref name="Population city">((Cite web|url=http://www.tageo.com/index-e-pk-cities-PK.htm|title=Pakistan City & Town Population List|access-date=29 September 2017|publisher=Tageo.com website))</ref> Sahiwal is approximately 180&nbsp;km from the major city Lahore and 100&nbsp;km from [[Faisalabad]] and lies between [[Lahore]] and [[Multan]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/amp/1617336|title=Sahiwal to be connected with Lahore-Multan motorway|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=April 10, 2021))</ref> Sahiwal is approximately 152 meters above the sea level.<ref>((cite web|url=https://sahiwal.punjab.gov.pk/our-history|title=District Sahiwal Official Website))</ref>

The city lies in a densely populated region between the [[Sutlej]] and [[Ravi River|Ravi]] rivers. The principal crops are wheat, cotton, tobacco,<ref name="(Pakistan)1980">((cite book|author=Agricultural Research Council (Pakistan)|title=Pakistan journal of agricultural research|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gw7bAAAAMAAJ|access-date=18 July 2011|date=1 January 1980|publisher=Pakistan Agricultural Research Council))</ref> legumes, potato<ref name="Nazli">((cite book|last=Nazli|first=Caesar B. Cororaton, Abdul Salam, Zafar Altaf, David Orden and Reno Dewina, Nicholas Minot, Hina|title=Cotton-Textile-Apparel Sectors of Pakistan: Situations and Challenges Faced|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WgFIAAnZ1GYC&pg=PA47|access-date=18 July 2011|publisher=Intl Food Policy Res Inst|page=47|id=GGKEY:1W7L1FH7N4N))</ref> and oil seeds. Cotton goods and lacquered woodwork are manufactured.<ref name="inc1991">((cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopdia07ency|title=The New Encyclopædia Britannica: Micropædia|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1991|isbn=978-0-85229-529-8|access-date=18 July 2011|url-access=registration))</ref><ref name="Committee1983">((cite book|title=Cotton handbook of Pakistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ypo_AAAAYAAJ|access-date=18 July 2011|year=1983|publisher=Pakistan Central Cotton Committee|page=217))</ref>

==History==
((Main|Sahiwal District))
Following the [[Umayyad dynasty|Ummayad Arab]] conquest of the Punjab cities of Uch and Multan, led by Muhammad bin Qasim, Arabs of the Emirate of Multan ruled the region of Sahiwal for a few centuries. Then Sahiwal remained part of the Multan province of the Mamluk dynasty. Sahiwal also remained associated with the historic city of Depalpur.<ref>((Cite book |last1=Firishtah |first1=Muḥammad Qāsim Hindū Shāh Astarābādī |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_G1AAAAIAAJ&q=history+of+hindustan+by+firishta |title=The History of Hindostan: Translated from the Persian ... |last2=Dow |first2=Alexander |date=1812 |publisher=J. Walker |language=en))</ref>

The modern-day city of Sahiwal was founded in 1865 when a train station was built at the site of a small village on the [[Punjab Railway|Karachi-Lahore railway line]]. The site was named Montgomery for [[Sir Robert Montgomery]], then lieutenant governor of the Punjab and it replaced [[Gogera]] as the capital of the recently created Montgomery district.<ref>((cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_416.gif |title=Montgomery District, Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 17, p. 410., 1860–1922 |publisher=Dsal.uchicago.edu |access-date=2013-02-18))</ref> Two years later in 1867, it was constituted a municipality.<ref name="Sahiwal">((cite web |title=Sahiwal |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sahiwal |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=17 January 2021))</ref>

In 1914 construction began of the [[Lower Bari Doab Canal]] which now irrigates both the city and the wider region.<ref name="Sahiwal"/>

During the [[Partition of India]] in 1947 the city, being part of Montgomery district, was allocated to Pakistan by the [[Radcliffe Line|Punjab Boundary Commission]]. This was on the basis of being a Muslim-majority area, despite claims from the [[Indian National Congress]] and Sikh groups on the basis of greater property ownership and revenues paid to the state.<ref>((cite book |last1=Ranjan |first1=Amit |title=Partition of India Postcolonial Legacies |date=20 November 2018 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9780429750526))</ref>

==Climate==
The climate of Sahiwal district is extreme, reaching 47&nbsp;°C in summer, and down to 5&nbsp;°C in winter. The soil of the district is very fertile. The average rainfall is about 2000&nbsp;mm.<ref name="gpgcs.edu.pk">((cite web|url=http://www.gpgcs.edu.pk/sahiwal.html |title=Govt. Post Graduate College Sahiwal |publisher=Gpgcs.edu.pk |access-date=2017-11-08))</ref>

==Education==
[[File:New Campus Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal.jpeg|thumb|[[Sahiwal Medical College]]]]
Notable educational institutes of the city include:
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a college to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
*[[University of Sahiwal]]<ref>((cite web |url=https://uosahiwal.edu.pk |title = University of Sahiwal))</ref>
*[[COMSATS University Islamabad|COMSATS University]], Sahiwal Campus
*[[Barani Institute of Sciences]]<ref>((cite web |url=http://baraniinstitute.edu.pk |title = Barani Institute of Sciences))</ref>
*[[Sahiwal Medical College]]
*[[Quaid-e-Azam College of Engineering and Technology, Sahiwal]]
*[[Punjab College of Science]]
*[[The Superior College]]
*[[Army Public Schools & Colleges System]] (APSCS)
*[[Beaconhouse School System (Pakistan)|Beaconhouse School System]]
*[[The City School (Pakistan)|The City School]]
*[[Divisional Public School and College, Sahiwal|Divisional Public School and College]]
*[[The Educators]]
*[[Government Postgraduate College Sahiwal]]
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a college to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->

==Twin city==
Sahiwal is [[Town twinning|twinned]] with the town of [[Rochdale]], in [[Greater Manchester]], England. Approximately eight per cent of Rochdale's population is of Asian origin, most of whom have links with Pakistan. The twinning arrangement was agreed between Rochdale and Sahiwal in 1998.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.pap.gov.pk/index.php/members/profile/en/9/231 |title=Punjab Assembly |publisher=Pap.gov.pk |access-date=2010-03-24))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.rochdale.gov.uk/leisure_and_culture/tourism_and_travel/town_twinning.aspx |title=Town twinning |publisher=rochdale.gov.uk |access-date=8 August 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071029173635/http://www.rochdale.gov.uk/leisure_and_culture/libraries/town_twinning.aspx <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 29 October 2007))</ref>

==Notable people==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
* [[Mushtaq Ahmed (cricketer)|Mushtaq Ahmed]], former test cricketer
* [[Majeed Amjad]], Urdu poet
* [[Tariq Aziz (TV personality)|Tariq Aziz]], television anchor
* [[H. K. L. Bhagat|H.K.L Bhagat]], politician and former Union Minister of Parliamentary Affairs of India
* [[Dildar Pervaiz Bhatti]], (TV artist, compere, comedian, anchor)
* Brigadier [[Kuldip Singh Chandpuri]], Indian Army Officer
* [[Attash Durrani]], Urdu writer and scholar
* [[Manzoor Elahi]], former test cricketer
* [[Mehdi Hasan (Pakistani journalist)|Mehdi Hasan]], journalist and historian
* [[Rana Mohammad Hanif Khan]], politician and former Finance Minister of Pakistan
* [[Nazir Naji]] journalist and Urdu columnist for various media groups.
* [[Emmanuel Neno]], Christian author and translator
* [[Kunwar Mohinder Singh Bedi Sahar]], Urdu poet
* [[Nouraiz Shakoor]], politician and former federal minister
* [[Saieen Zahoor]], Sufi musician
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->

==See also==
((Portal|Pakistan|Punjab))
*[[Sahiwal killings]]
* [[Zafar Ali Stadium]]
*[[University of Sahiwal]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
* ((Official website|http://www.sahiwal.org/ ))
* [http://nimls.edu.pk/ NIMLS COLLEGE Sahiwal]
* [https://archive.org/details/MontgomerytoSahiwal ''Montgomery to Sahiwal''] by S. A. Naeem (in Urdu), digitised at [[Internet Archive]]

((Neighbourhoods of Sahiwal))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Sahiwal| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Sahiwal District]]
[[Category:Sahiwal District]]
[[Category:Populated places in Punjab, Pakistan]]

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