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((short description|Former political party in present-day Western Sahara))
((redirect|PUNS|the figures of speech|Pun))
((More citations needed|date=December 2006))
((Infobox political party
| name = Sahrawi National Union Party
| native_name = ((lang|ar|حزب الاتحاد الوطني الصحراوي))<br/>''Hizb Al-Ittihad Al-Qawmi Aṣ-Ṣaḥrāwīyyah''
| lang1 = Spanish
| name_lang1 = Partido de Unión Nacional Saharaui
| colorcode = yellow
| logo =
| leader = 
| chairman = 
| president = 
| secretary_general = [[Khelli Henna Ould Rachid]] <small>(November 1974-14 May 1975)</small><br/>Dueh Sidna Naucha<br/><small>(14 May 1975-14 November 1975)</small>
| spokesperson = 
| slogan = 
| founder = 
| founded = ((Start date|November 1974))
| dissolution = 14 November 1975
| split = 
| headquarters = [[El Aaiun]], [[Spanish Sahara]]
| youth_wing = PUNS Youth
| wing1_title = 
| wing1 = 
| wing2_title = 
| wing2 = 
| wing3_title = 
| wing3 = 
| membership_year = 1974
| membership = 3,200
| ideology = [[Reformism]]<br/>[[Autonomism (political doctrine)|Autonomism]]<br/>[[Sahrawi nationalism]]
| position = 
| national = 
| international = 
| colors = [[Blue]], [[Yellow]] and [[Red]]<br/> ((Color box|blue|border=darkgray)) ((Color box|yellow|border=darkgray)) ((Color box|red|border=darkgray))
| affiliation1_title = 
| affiliation1 = 
| website = 
| country2 = 
| flag = [[File:Flag of the Sahrawi National Union Party.svg|150px]]
| country = Western Sahara
))

The '''Sahrawi National Union Party''', or '''''Partido de Unión Nacional Saharaui''''' ('''PUNS'''), was a short-lived [[political party]] set up by [[Francoist Spain]] to rally [[indigenous peoples|indigenous]] support in its rebellious [[Spanish Sahara]] [[colonialism|colony]] (presently [[Western Sahara]]).

== Creation of PUNS ==
((Western Sahara history))
The PUNS was created in late 1974 as the '''Partido Revolucionario Progresivo''' (Revolutionary Progressive Party),((citation needed|date=September 2010)) but soon changed its name. It was composed mainly of members of the [[Djema'a]], a [[tribalism|tribalist]] political body set up for similar purposes in the 1950s. Its flag is based on the Spanish flag for the [[Ifni]]-Sahara maritime province (1946-1975).<ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es~eh.html Ifni-Sahara Maritime Province 1946-1975 (Spain)] Crwflags.com</ref>

PUNS was during its time the only legal party within the territory of Francoist Spain, except the ruling [[Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista|Falange Española]].<ref>((cite book|last=Algueró Cuervo|first=José Ignacio|title=El Sahara y España: claves de una descolonización pendiente|publisher=Ediciones Idea - Cuadernos del Magreb|location=Santa Cruz de Tenerife|year=2006|isbn=84-96640-31-0|pages=148–149|language=es))</ref> PUNS was allowed to send delegates to the [[Cortes Generales|Cortes]] (Parliament) in [[Madrid]]. It had no decision-making powers, and was more an instrument of the military governors in Western Sahara. Its leaders and creators, [[Khellihenna Ould Errachid]] and [[Dueh Sidna Naucha]], worked in close collaboration with Spanish authorities.

== Political profile ==

The party's political program was supportive of Spain, and changed according to the rapid evolution of Spanish policy. In first months of its existence, its political activity mainly consisted of statements denouncing the [[Polisario Front]], a [[nationalist]] [[guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] which had by then taken over most of the countryside. PUNS also advocated independence as a distant goal to be preceded by autonomy within Spain, and conditional on good relations with the government in Madrid.

As the prospect of [[Morocco|Moroccan]] invasion began to seem ever likelier after the 1975 [[International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion on Western Sahara]] on Western Sahara, the colonial authorities allowed the PUNS to increase its demands for independence and campaign intensely against Moroccan ambitions, even threatening armed struggle against an invasion.

As the difference of opinion rapidly shrank, the rank-and-file PUNS membership gravitated towards the Polisario, and as early as May 1975, the leaders of PUNS met with POLISARIO's Secretary General, [[El-Ouali]], who consistently condemned the party as a "puppet" of [[fascism]] and [[colonialism]]. Many members were also present at the [[Ain Ben Tili]] and [[Guelta Zemmur]] conferences, although not as representatives of the party, but rather of the Djema'a or their  tribal groupings.

In mid-1975, PUNS seemed to simultaneously be slipping out of Spanish control and losing its political relevance, since Spain had agreed in principle to relinquish control of the Western Sahara and consequently no longer had a need for a loyalist political party there. In addition to this, Polisario remained distrustful, and did not accept the demand of PUNS leaders to form a common political front while preserving the party's internal structure. El-Ouali instead insisted that the PUNS dissolve itself and that its supporters could join the Polisario Front as regular members.((Citation needed|date=December 2012))

== Collapse in 1975 ==
On July 6, 1975, the first clashes between PUNS and Polisario membership took place in [[El Aaiun]], with several wounded. The night before, the PUNS offices in [[Smara]] were burned by POLISARIO members.<ref>((cite news|title=Primer enfrentamiento entre el PUNS y el POLISARIO|url=http://gaveta.prensacadiz.org/data/media/HOJA_DEL_LUNES_OCR/HL75/pdf/HL75-325.pdf|publisher=Hoja del Lunes ([[Cádiz]])|date=1975-07-07|access-date=2012-12-04|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817041537/http://gaveta.prensacadiz.org/data/media/HOJA_DEL_LUNES_OCR/HL75/pdf/HL75-325.pdf|archive-date=2016-08-17))</ref>
In October, PUNS sent telegrams to the 1975 UN visiting mission members protesting the portray given in their report of Errachid as PUNS Secretary General, as he had been expelled of the party on May 14 for his [[treason]].<ref>[http://www.march.es/ceacs/biblioteca/proyectos/linz/PDatos.asp?Reg=r-14577 Telegrama del PUNS al Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU] Informaciones ([[Europa Press (news agency)|Europa Press]]), 21 October 1975 ((in lang|es))</ref> In the night of November 14, 1975, the remaining members of the party, headed by last Secretary General Dueh Sidina Naucha, dissolved the PUNS, giving the affiliates the chance to join the Polisario Front.<ref>((cite book|last=Bárbulo|first=Tomás|title=La historia prohibida del Sáhara Español|publisher=Ediciones Destino / Colección Imago Mundi vol. 21|location=Barcelona|year=2002|isbn=978-84-233-3446-9|pages=184–185))</ref>

As Morocco and Mauritania invaded in November 1975, after the [[Madrid Accords]], Spain abandoned PUNS, and what little remained of the party instantly collapsed. Its membership dispersed: many were swept away in the refugee exodus to [[Tindouf]], [[Algeria]], where they joined the Polisario. A small number, including some prominent leaders, instead went to Morocco, where they denounced their own earlier nationalist campaign and lent their support to the claims of [[King of Morocco|King]] [[Hassan II]] to Western Sahara — notably, PUNS leader Khellihenna Ould Errachid, who still today (2012) acts as the Moroccan monarchy's main Sahrawi face to its claims to Western Sahara. Dueh Sidina Naucha went to Spain in 1975. In 1987 he surprisingly reappeared in the [[Free Zone (region)|Liberated Territories]] during a UN technical visiting mission. He declared that even though not a Polisario member, he is a [[Sahrawi people|Sahrawi]], so he support the Polisario Front as the legitimate representative of the Sahrawi people. Naucha added that after the [[Green March]] "our 20,000 (PUNS) militants integrated the POLISARIO: in war it is needed to fight united".<ref>((cite news|title=El regreso del PUNS|url=http://elpais.com/diario/1988/01/02/internacional/568076403_850215.html|publisher=[[El País]]|date=1988-01-02|access-date=2012-12-04|language=es))</ref> He now lives in the [[Canary Islands]].((Citation needed|date=December 2012)) A very small number of activists went to Mauritania, supporting the [[Mokhtar Ould Daddah|Ould Daddah]] government's claims on the territory until its collapse in 1978.((Citation needed|date=February 2007))

==References==
((Reflist))

==Further reading==
*Tony Hodges (1983), ''Western Sahara: The Roots of a Desert War'', Lawrence Hill Books (((ISBN|0-88208-152-7)))
*Anthony G. Pazzanita and Tony Hodges (1994), ''Historical Dictionary of Western Sahara'', Scarecrow Press (((ISBN|0-8108-2661-5)))

[[Category:Western Sahara conflict]]
[[Category:Political parties in Western Sahara]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in Spain]]
[[Category:History of Western Sahara]]
[[Category:Sahrawi nationalism]]
[[Category:Francoist Spain]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1974]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1975]]

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