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((Short description|Continental shelf of Western Australia))
((For|the paleocontinent|Sahul))
((Coord|-9.6|131.7|dim:2000000|display=title))
((Use dmy dates|date=January 2019))

[[File:Map of Sunda and Sahul.svg|300px|thumb|Map of Sahul and [[Sunda Shelf|Sunda]]]]
[[File:Western continental shelves of Australia.png|thumb|Continental shelves of [[Western Australia]], showing the Sahul Shelf in the northeast. More broadly defined, the Sahul Shelf extends southwest to encompass the Rowley Shelf.]]

[[Geology|Geologically]], the '''Sahul Shelf''' (((IPAc-en|s|ə|ˈ|h|uː|l))) is a part of the [[continental shelf]] of the [[Australia (continent)|Australian continent]], lying off the northwest coast of [[mainland Australia]].

==Etymology==
The name "Sahull" or "Sahoel" appeared on 17th century Dutch maps applied to a submerged [[shoal|sandbank]] between [[Australia]] and [[Timor]]. On his 1803 map, [[Matthew Flinders]] noted the "Great Sahul Shoal" where [[Malay race|Malays]] came from [[Makassar]] to fish for ''trepang'' ([[sea cucumber]]).<ref name=ballard>((cite conference |first=Chris |last=Ballard |title=Stimulating minds to fantasy? A critical etymology for Sahul |book-title=Sahul in review: pleistocene archaeology in Australia, New Guinea and island Melanesia |pages=17 |publisher=Australian National University | location= Canberra |year=1993 |isbn=0-7315-1540-4 ))</ref> The name Sahul Shelf (((lang-nl|Sahoel-plat))) was coined in 1919 by [[Gustaaf Adolf Frederik Molengraaff|G.A.F. Molengraaff]], an authority on the geology of the then [[Dutch East Indies]].<ref name=ballard/>

==Geography==
((moresources|section|date=October 2022))
The Sahul Shelf proper stretches northwest from Australia much of the way under the [[Timor Sea]] towards Timor, ending where the seabed begins descending into the [[Timor Trough]]. To the northeast, the Sahul Shelf merges into the Arafura Shelf, which runs from the northern coast of Australia under the [[Arafura Sea]] north to [[New Guinea]]. The [[Aru Islands]] rise from the Arafura Shelf. The Sahul Shelf is sometimes taken to also include the Rowley Shelf to the southwest of [[Cape Leveque]], girding the north coast of [[Western Australia]] as far as [[North West Cape]].

The existence of an extensive Sahul Shelf was suggested in 1845 by [[George Windsor Earl]] who called it the "Great Australian Bank" and noted that [[Macropodidae|macropods]] (kangaroos) were found on Australia, New Guinea, and the Aru Islands. Earl also suggested the existence of the [[Sunda Shelf]] (which he called the "Great Asiatic Bank") covering the western [[Malay Archipelago]] and the [[Malay Peninsula]].<ref>((cite journal |author=Earle, W. (G.W. Earl) |year=1845 |title=On the physical structure and arrangement of the islands of the Indian Archipelago |journal=Journal of the Royal Geographical Society |volume=15 |pages=358–365|doi=10.2307/1797916 |publisher= Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 15 |jstor= 1797916 ))</ref> In the 1970s, [[biogeography|biogeographers]] coined "[[Sundaland]]" and "[[Australia (continent)|Sahul]]" as contrastive names for the continental regions extending from the adjacent shelves.

==Geology==
When sea levels fell during the [[Pleistocene]] [[ice age]], including the [[Last Glacial Maximum]] about 18,000 years ago, the Sahul Shelf was exposed as dry land. Evidence of the shoreline of this time has been identified in locations which now lie 100 to 140 metres below sea level.<ref name="aims">((cite web | year = 2001 | url = http://www.aims.gov.au/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=703cba58-6526-44e4-91eb-7ef84e4ba25d&groupId=30301 | title = Big Bank Shoals of the Timor Sea: An environmental resource atlas | publisher = Australian Institute of Marine Science | access-date = 28 August 2006 | archive-date = 27 September 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927084419/http://www.aims.gov.au/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=703cba58-6526-44e4-91eb-7ef84e4ba25d&groupId=30301 | url-status = dead ))</ref>

A [[Adobe Flash|Flash]]-based interactive timeline of sea level changes was developed by Monash University in the 2000s.<ref name="SahulTime">((cite web |first=Matthew|last=Coller|publisher=Monash University|url=http://sahultime.monash.edu.au/|title=SahulTime |year=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413062820/http://sahultime.monash.edu.au/|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 April 2021))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://collection.temporalearth.net/sahultime/sahultime.html|website=temporalearth.net|title=''SahulTime'': interactive visualisation of ancient Australia|first=Matthew|last=Coller|access-date=29 May 2023))</ref>

==Ecology==
The Arafura Shelf formed a [[land bridge]] between Australia, New Guinea, and the Aru Islands, and these lands share many [[Marsupial]] mammals, land birds, and freshwater fish as a result. [[Richard Lydekker#Biogeography|Lydekker's Line]], a [[biogeography|biogeographical]] line, runs along the northwestern edge of the Sahul Shelf where it drops off into the deep waters of the [[Wallacea]] biogeographical area. Wallacea sits in a gap between the Sahul Shelf and the [[Sunda Shelf]], part of the continental shelf of Southeast Asia.<ref name="wirantaprawira">((cite web | last = Wirantaprawira | first = Willy | year = 2003 | url = http://www.wirantaprawira.net/indon/land.html | title = Republik Indonesia. Geography | publisher = Wirantaprawira | access-date = 28 August 2006 | archive-date = 24 August 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120824195519/http://www.wirantaprawira.net/indon/land.html | url-status = dead ))</ref> The land bridge enabled [[prehistory of Australia|early human migrations to Australia]].

==See also==
*[[Australia (continent)]]
*[[Australian Plate]]
*[[Indo-Australian Plate]]
*[[Sahul]]
*[[Sunda Shelf]]
*[[Sundaland]]

== References ==
((reflist))

((Continents of Earth))
((Submerged landmasses))

[[Category:Continental shelves]]
[[Category:Geology of the Pacific Ocean]]
[[Category:Landforms of Oceania]]
[[Category:Landforms of Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Landforms of the Pacific Ocean]]
[[Category:Landforms of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Landforms of Papua New Guinea]]
[[Category:Landforms of Western New Guinea]]
[[Category:Coastline of the Northern Territory]]
[[Category:Coastline of Western Australia]]

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