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((About|the city|the adjacent town|Salamanca (town), New York))
((Use mdy dates|date=July 2023))
((More citations needed|date=June 2011))
((Infobox settlement
| name                            = Salamanca
| native_name                     = ((native name|see|Onë:dagö:h))
| official_name                   = City of Salamanca
| settlement_type                 = [[Administrative divisions of New York#City|City]]
| nickname                        = 
| motto                           = <!-- Images -->
| named_for                       = [[José de Salamanca, Marquis of Salamanca|José de Salamanca]]
| image_skyline                   = File:Salamanca Downtown.jpg
| image_caption                   = Downtown Salamanca looking north with the Allegheny River running through the middle and the Main Street Bridge toward the center.
| image_flag                      =
| image_seal                      = <!-- Maps -->
| pushpin_map                     = New York
| pushpin_label                   = Salamanca
| pushpin_label_position          = 
| pushpin_map_caption             = Location in the state of New York
| pushpin_mapsize                 = 
| image_map                       = 
| mapsize                         = 
| map_caption                     = 
| image_map1                      = 
| mapsize1                        = 
| map_caption1                    = <!-- Location -->
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = [[United States]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[New York (state)|New York]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[List of counties in New York|County]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Cattaraugus County, New York|Cattaraugus]]
| subdivision_type3               = [[List of Indian reservations in the United States|Reservation]]
| subdivision_name3               = [[Allegany Indian Reservation|Allegany]]
| government_footnotes            = 
| government_type                 = [[council-manager government|Council-Manager]]
| leader_title                    = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name                     = Sandra Magiera ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])
| leader_title1                   = [[City Council]]
| leader_name1                    = ((Collapsible list
 |title       = Members' List
 |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
 |title_style = <!-- (optional) -->
 |list_style  = text-align:left;display:none;
 |1           = • W1: John "Jack" Hill ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])
 |2           = • W2: Kylee Johnson ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])
 |3           = • W3: Barry Smith (I)
 |4           = • W4: Paul Myers ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])
 |5           = • W5: Janet L. Koch ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])
))
| established_title               = 
| established_date                = <!-- Area -->
| unit_pref                       = Imperial
| area_footnotes                  = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">((cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 20, 2022))</ref>
| area_magnitude                  = 
| area_total_km2                  = 16.15
| area_land_km2                   = 15.52
| area_water_km2                  = 0.63
| area_total_sq_mi                = 6.24
| area_land_sq_mi                 = 5.99
| area_water_sq_mi                = 0.24

<!-- Population -->| population_as_of                = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_footnotes            = 
| population_total                = 5929
| population_density_km2          = 381.93
| population_density_sq_mi        = 989.16

<!-- General information -->| timezone                        = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
| utc_offset                      = -5
| timezone_DST                    = EDT
| utc_offset_DST                  = -4
| elevation_footnotes             = 
| elevation_m                     = 421
| elevation_ft                    = 1381
| coordinates                     = ((coord|42|9|31|N|78|42|57|W|region:US-NY|display=inline,title))
| postal_code_type                = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code                     = 14779
| area_code                       = [[Area code 716|716]]
| blank_name                      = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info                      = 36-009-64749
| blank1_name                     = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info                     = 0964291
| website                         = ((URL|www.salmun.com))
| footnotes                       = 
| pop_est_as_of                   = 
| pop_est_footnotes               = 
| population_est                  = 
))
'''Salamanca''' ([[Seneca language|Seneca]]: ''Onë:dagö:h'')<ref name="English-Seneca Dictionary">((cite web |last1=Chafe |first1=Wallace |title=English-Seneca Dictionary |page=141 |url=https://senecalanguage.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/SENECA-DICTIONARY-FINAL.pdf |access-date=6 February 2019))</ref> is a [[city]] in [[Cattaraugus County, New York]], United States, inside the [[Allegany Indian Reservation]], one of two governed by the [[Seneca Nation of New York]]. The population was 5,929 at the 2020 census.<ref name="Census 2010">((cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US3664749| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212184935/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US3664749| url-status=dead| archive-date=February 12, 2020| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Salamanca city, New York| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=October 23, 2014))</ref> It was named after [[José de Salamanca, 1st Count of los Llanos|José de Salamanca]], a Spanish nobleman and cabinet minister of the mid-19th century. Salamanca invested in railroads around the globe, including the [[Atlantic and Great Western Railroad]] in [[New York State]], [[Pennsylvania]], and [[Ohio]].<ref>((Cite web |last=Zito |first=Salena |title=Portrait of a Failed American City |url=https://townhall.com/columnists/salenazito/2011/06/05/portrait_of_a_failed_american_city |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=townhall.com |language=en))</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has an area of ((convert|16.15|sqkm|order=flip)), of which ((convert|15.52|sqkm|order=flip)) is land and ((convert|0.63|sqkm|order=flip)), or 3.88%, is water.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

Salamanca is within the [[Allegany Indian Reservation]] of the [[Seneca Nation of New York]] (one of the six tribes of the [[Iroquois Confederacy]]). The city population of about 5,900 is about 19% Native American; this does not include Seneca people living in the nearby hamlets of [[Jimerson Town, New York|Jimerson Town]] (one of the two capitals of the nation) and [[Kill Buck]]. The city lies along the [[Allegheny River]] and is adjacent to [[Allegany State Park]].

Salamanca is one of the two cities in Cattaraugus County, the other being [[Olean, New York|Olean]].

==Climate==
((Weather box
|location = Salamanca, New York
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 72
|Feb record high F = 68
|Mar record high F = 80
|Apr record high F = 89
|May record high F = 90
|Jun record high F = 94
|Jul record high F = 97
|Aug record high F = 94
|Sep record high F = 97
|Oct record high F = 87
|Nov record high F = 81
|Dec record high F = 70
|year record high F= 97
|Jan high F = 30
|Feb high F = 33
|Mar high F = 42
|Apr high F = 55
|May high F = 66
|Jun high F = 75
|Jul high F = 78
|Aug high F = 76
|Sep high F = 69
|Oct high F = 58
|Nov high F = 46
|Dec high F = 34
|year high F=
|Jan low F = 14
|Feb low F = 15
|Mar low F = 21
|Apr low F = 32
|May low F = 41
|Jun low F = 51
|Jul low F = 55
|Aug low F = 54
|Sep low F = 47
|Oct low F = 37
|Nov low F = 30
|Dec low F = 20
|year low F=
|Jan record low F = −25
|Feb record low F = −25
|Mar record low F = −18
|Apr record low F = 7
|May record low F = 19
|Jun record low F = 24
|Jul record low F = 25
|Aug record low F = 31
|Sep record low F = 20
|Oct record low F = 13
|Nov record low F = −4
|Dec record low F = −22
|year record low F= −25
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.08
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.46
|Mar precipitation inch = 2.86
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.63
|May precipitation inch = 3.85
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.92
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.68
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.96
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.11
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.72
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.94
|Dec precipitation inch = 3.55
|year precipitation inch= 44.76
|source = The Weather Channel <ref>((cite web
|url = http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USNY1275
|title = Climate Statistics for Salamanca, NY
|access-date = May 6, 2012))</ref>
))

== History ==
What is now known as the city of Salamanca was originally two separate communities, one on [[Little Valley, New York|Little Valley Creek]] and the other on [[Great Valley, New York|Great Valley Creek]]; the westernmost one of the two was called "Hemlock", a name derived from the numerous [[Tsuga|hemlock]] trees throughout the surrounding mountains. The eastern community (from modern-day Conrath Avenue eastward) was [[Kill Buck, New York|Kill Buck's Town]]; the eastern half of what is now Kill Buck remains an unincorporated [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]] independent of the city of Salamanca.<ref name=twowordsorone>((cite news|url=https://scontent-iad3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/119168806_3219114118184263_4395288855824699083_o.jpg?_nc_cat=100&_nc_sid=825194&_nc_ohc=Cj6dqpSuTMoAX-XeKf1&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.xx&oh=25e8a33f3324c537caa3276be15d1dc4&oe=5F8409E1|title=Killbuck or Kill Buck? One word or two? What's proper spelling|first=Rod|last=Hensel|work=Salamanca Press|access-date=September 12, 2020))</ref> Hemlock was later renamed "West Salamanca" and (although it was marked on road signs as late as the 1990s) was eventually incorporated into the single city of Salamanca. The city was incorporated in 1913.  
[[File:Salamanca BRP station.jpg|right|thumb|Salamanca station, now the Salamanca Rail Museum]]
At one time the city was a thriving railroad hub, with the [[Erie Railroad]] (later [[Conrail]]), [[Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh Railway]] (BR&P) (later [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]]) both having facilities there. Generations of Salamanca residents worked for the railroads, and much of the housing was originally built for them by the railroads. The city also benefited from the then-thriving lumber industry that dominated much of southwestern Cattaraugus County at the turn of the century, as [[boomtown]]s along the Allegheny River such as [[Elko, New York|Elko]], [[South Valley, New York|South Valley]] and [[Red House, New York|Red House]] (all much-less-populated [[ghost town]]s today) all used the railroads to ship their goods upstream. At the time of the city's incorporation, it peaked at under 10,000 residents, not far behind [[Olean, New York|Olean]], 19 miles to the east, the major hub of the county; Olean, however, would continue to grow rapidly into the 1950s, while Salamanca's population would begin falling behind almost immediately. The Salamanca Rail Museum was opened in the former BR&P depot in 1984 to house its archives.<ref>Burleson, Kevin and Fordham, Gerald. ''Life on the Rails: A Photographic Tour Through the Archives of the Salamanca Rail Museum'' (1999, Feruguson Press).</ref>

The majority of the city, with the exception of a northeastern spur along Great Valley Creek, was constructed on the [[Allegany Indian Reservation]] held by the [[Seneca Nation of New York]], as established in various treaties. Under the nation's policy, non-Seneca residents are barred from owning [[real property]] on the reservation, and non-Senecas can only [[lease]] the property from the Seneca Nation.<ref name=zito/> As arranged by the railroads, the previous leases had nominal payments and covered only the land; improvements (i.e., buildings and houses) were considered to be owned by the non-native citizens.

When the leases expired in the early 1990s, the nation tried to gain more from its leases, raising their costs and asserting not only the land, but the improvements were also subject to the native leases. Numerous people living in the city did not agree on the amount of lease payments or the legitimacy of the Senecas' absolute ownership claim. The controversy aroused bitterness, lawsuits, and appeals to government officials. Congress passed a law explicitly placing the improvements under Seneca jurisdiction, the new leases were put into effect, and fifteen houses were seized and their owners evicted for refusing to sign the leases.<ref name=zito>Zito, Selena (June 5, 2011). [http://triblive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/opinion/columnists/zito/s_740364.html "Smokes cheap, tensions high"], ''Pittsburgh Tribune'' (Also titled [http://townhall.com/columnists/salenazito/2011/06/05/portrait_of_a_failed_american_city "Portrait of a Failed American City"], ''Pittsburgh Tribune-Review''. Retrieved July 28, 2012.)</ref><ref name=bn728>Herbeck, Dan and Kathleen Ronayne (July 28, 2012). [http://www.buffalonews.com/city/article969736.ece Senecas plan to evict Snyder Beach residents]. ''The Buffalo News''. Retrieved July 28, 2012.</ref> The current leases are in effect until 2030, with an option to extend until 2070; proceeds from the lease payments are distributed quarterly to enrolled Seneca Nation members, providing a [[basic income guarantee]].

Despite the lack of ownership, leased land held by non-Senecas is subject to [[property tax]], which the lessee must pay to the city, Cattaraugus County and the Salamanca City Central School District. Seneca-owned land is exempt under the [[Third Treaty of Buffalo Creek|Treaty of Buffalo Creek]]. Once a Seneca acquires the land, it is taken off the tax rolls; for this reason, the city of Salamanca does not auction-off abandoned properties on the reservation in a property-tax auction, for fear Seneca individuals will buy the land, removing it from the tax rolls.

==Government==
The city has a council-mayor system, with the mayor elected [[at-large]] and five trustees selected from wards, generally numbered from west to east.

"Between 2004-05 and 2009-10, State aid for the City, including casino revenues, increased by an average annual rate of nearly 50 percent (starting at $0.8 million in 2004-05 and peaking at $7.3 million in 2008-09). Salamanca’s average annual expenditure increases on debt service, general government, transportation, utilities and public safety between 2004-05 and 2009-10 were all in the double digits."<ref name="2012profile">[http://www.osc.state.ny.us/localgov/pubs/fiscalprofiles/salamanca.pdf "2012 FISCAL PROFILE: CITY OF SALAMANCA"], Office of the State Comptroller, New York, 2012</ref> This was attributable to revenues from the Seneca Allegany Casino.

===Casino revenues===
[[File:Seneca Allegany Resort & Casino.jpg|right|thumb|[[Seneca Allegany Casino]]  (June 2015)]]
The [[Seneca Nation]] opened a [[gambling]] [[casino]] in Salamanca in May, 2004. About 1,000 new jobs were created by the casino operation, resulting in a housing shortage in the small town as new workers entered the city. Under the arrangement with the state, a 25% share of the casino's revenue goes to the city and county, which they can use for needed projects. Revenues for the city increased dramatically (see above).

Significant change did not quickly take place in the city, with new construction in only a few select areas. Main Street and US Route 219 (which runs through the city) remain largely untouched. Redevelopment was delayed when the Nation stopped casino payments in late 2010, in a dispute with the state over its opening [[racino]]s elsewhere in the state; payments were resumed in 2013. The state provided the city with emergency funds to help support it until the dispute was settled.<ref name="2012profile"/> The Senecas again announced it would halt payments to the state in 2017, stating that a clause in the gaming compact had expired and its obligation to continue paying the state was no longer in effect. The Seneca Nation and the state of New York agreed to a settlement in January 2022, with the Senecas agreeing to pay the money owed, ahead of negotiations for a renewal of the compact in 2023.<ref>((Cite web|last=Miller|first=Rick|title=Senecas sign agreement with NY to discontinue litigation over compact|url=https://www.salamancapress.com/news/senecas-sign-agreement-with-ny-to-discontinue-litigation-over-compact/article_24252166-7436-11ec-9bab-a3b9eadf8298.html |access-date=2022-01-13|website=The Salamanca Press|language=en))</ref>

Because of the contentious relations between Seneca and non-Seneca residents, columnist Selena Zito described Salamanca as a "failed American city" in 2011, in a column that soon drew the rebuke of city officials.<ref name=zito/>

==Economy==
Retail shops include several Seneca-owned cigarette, tobacco, coffee shops, and gas stations; there are several empty storefronts, especially in the city's central business district on and near Main Street. The Seneca Nation has made efforts to diversify, establishing a tribal [[holding company]] in 2009 and an [[economic development corporation]] in 2011. In 2021, many of the city's vacant buildings and former smoke shops were converted into [[Cannabis dispensaries in the United States|cannabis dispensaries]], leading to a glut of retailers for the recently legalized product.

The city's only [[shopping mall]], [[Salamanca Mall]], hosts a regional hardware chain, a local antique shop, and a small taqueria Three hotels operate in the city.

A number of industrial factories, among them McHone Industries (a metal fabricating company) and Salamanca Lumber, operate in the center part of the city.

==Transportation==

=== Ground ===
The [[Southern Tier Expressway]] ([[Interstate 86 (Pennsylvania–New York)|Interstate 86]] and [[New York State Route 17]]) passes south of the city. Running through the city are [[U.S. Route 219 in New York|U.S. Route 219]] and New York State Routes [[New York State Route 417|417]] and [[New York State Route 353|353]], the last two of which terminate within a mile of each other on Salamanca's west end.

Salamanca serves as a [[transport hub|hub]] for the area's [[public transport|public bus service]]. [[Coach USA]], Fullington [[Trailways]], the Seneca Transit System, and the Olean Area Transit System all converge on the city. The city's only active (freight) rail depot is on the east side of the city, serviced by the [[Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad]].

In the past, the [[Erie Railroad]] and then, starting in 1960, the [[Erie Lackawanna Railway]] had operated passenger trains through Salamanca. Into the 1960s, the ''[[Erie Limited]]'' and the ''[[Atlantic Express and Pacific Express|Atlantic Express''/''Pacific Express]]'' made stops there.<ref>Erie Railroad timetable, April 27, 1958, Tables 1, 4</ref><ref>Erie Lackawanna timetable, October 29, 1961, Table 1</ref> The last passenger train making stops there was the ''[[Lake Cities (train)|Lake Cities]]'' which was discontinued on January 6, 1970. The [[New York and Lake Erie Railroad]] operated between Salamanca and [[Gowanda, New York|Gowanda]] until 1990. Today, the station houses the Salamanca Rail Museum. Two miles to the east, the [[Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh Railway]] had an "East Salamanca" station. The successor railroad, the [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] last had passenger trains at the latter in the mid-1950s.<ref>((cite journal |title=Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Table 25 |journal=Official Guide of the Railways |publisher=National Railway Publication Company |volume=88 |issue=4 |date=September 1955))</ref> Into the early 1940s, the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] ran passenger trains into a third station for trains between [[Olean, New York|Olean]] and [[Oil City, Pennsylvania]].<ref>((cite journal |title=Pennsylvania Railroad, Table 161 |journal=Official Guide of the Railways |publisher=National Railway Publication Company |volume=74 |issue=1 |date=June 1941))</ref>

Two of the former rail rights-of-way are now [[rail trail]]s: the NY&LE right-of-way is now the state-owned [[Pat McGee Trail]] (which officially ends at the city line before entering the city) and the Pennsylvania Railroad path is now the Pennsy Trail. The [[Finger Lakes Trail]] also cuts across the city, mainly using city roads.

=== Air ===
Salamanca has no local major airports. Although [[Great Valley Airport]] is nearby, this airport is mostly used for [[general aviation]], and no commercial passenger service operates out of it. The nearest public airports are [[Buffalo Niagara International Airport]] and [[Bradford Regional Airport]].

==Religion==
The [[Catholic Church]], [[Southern Baptist Convention]] (House of Prayer), [[Seventh-day Adventists]], [[Free Methodist Church]], and Lighthouse Baptist Church all have branches in the city bounds. At least two other independent churches also operate; the local [[United Methodist Church]] disaffiliated in the late 2010s.

==Media==
Radio stations [[WQRS]] (on the FM band at 98.3) and [[WGGO]] (on the AM band at 1590) are licensed to Salamanca. WQRS (The Goat, historically known as 98 Rocks) carries a [[classic rock]] format run by Seven Mountains Media out of Olean; WGGO is an owned and operated station of [[The Station of the Cross]], a regional Catholic radio network, with its nominal studio in Kill Buck. W288EK (FM 105.5) is also licensed to Salamanca and simulcasts [[WOLY (AM)|WOLY]] (Big Oly), another Seven Mountains station out of Olean.

From 2010 to 2021, [[WCGS (FM)|WGWE]] (FM 105.9) was operated out of Salamanca. The station, licensed to [[Little Valley (village), New York|Little Valley]], shut down and sold its assets to a broadcaster who plans to operate the station elsewhere.

The ''[[Salamanca Press]]'' is the local newspaper. A daily paper (publishing Monday through Saturday) for most of the 20th century, the paper reverted to a weekly publication in 2009.

There is no direct television broadcasting in Salamanca; the city is ostensibly part of the Buffalo media market, and local cable and satellite providers carry those stations (as well as some from Erie, Pennsylvania and Toronto, Ontario), but the hilly terrain around the city makes television reception problematic. Two low-powered stations based in Olean can occasionally be received over the air. [[Breezeline]] is the local cable provider.

==Demographics==
((US Census population
|1880= 2531
|1890= 3692
|1900= 4251
|1910= 5792
|1920= 9276
|1930= 9577
|1940= 9011
|1950= 8861
|1960= 8480
|1970= 7877
|1980= 6890
|1990= 6566
|2000= 6097
|2010= 5815
|2020= 5929
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">((cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015))</ref> 2020<ref name="QF2020"/>
))
As of the 2020 United States census, Salamanca had a population of 5,929. The ethnic and racial makeup of the population was 69.3%   White, 2.6% African-American, 18.6% Native American, 0.7% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 6.7% reporting two or more races, and 6.7% Hispanic or Latino of any race. 66.3% of the population was non-Hispanic white.<ref name="QF2020">((Cite web|title=Quick Facts: Salamanca city, New York|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/salamancacitynewyork/PST045219|website=census.gov |access-date=2021-10-04))</ref>

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">((cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website))</ref> of 2000, there were 6,097 people, 2,469 households, and 1,575 families residing in the city.  The population density was ((convert|1,015.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off)). There were 2,749 housing units at an average density of ((convert|457.9|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off)).  The racial makeup of the city was 74.26% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.66% [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 20.74% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.33% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.08% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.18% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.75% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.82% of the population.

There were 2,469 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $24,579, and the median income for a family was $30,996. Males had a median income of $25,549 versus $19,180 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $12,812. About 18.0% of families and 22.2% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 32.7% of those under age 18 and 15.9% of those age 65 or over.

==Notable people==
* [[George Abbott]] (1887-1995), theater producer
* [[Ray Caldwell]] (1888-1967), former MLB [[spitball]] pitcher
* [[Gordon Canfield]] (1898-1972), member of the House of Representatives for [[New Jersey]]'s 8th congressional district
* [[Chuck Crist]] (1961-2020), former National Football League safety; he returned to his hometown to serve as a principal in the city schools
* [[Robert DeLaurentis (aviator)|Robert DeLaurentis]] (1966-), an American aviator, the first solo pilot to fly a [[Piper PA-46|Piper Malibu Mirage]], a small, single-engine plane, around the world<ref>((cite news | url=http://www.sandiego6.com/news/local/Local-Pilot-breaks-record-on-round-the-world-flight-322749821.html | title=Local Pilot Breaks Record on Round the World Flight | work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] | date=August 24, 2015 | access-date=November 15, 2015))</ref><ref>((cite news | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/programs/hereandnow/american-pilot-making-epic-solo-flight-around-the-world-1.3082459 | title=American pilot making epic solo flight around the world | publisher=[[CBC News]] | date=July 16, 2015 | access-date=November 16, 2015))</ref>
* [[Maxine Crouse Dowler]] (1933-2015), teacher, Member of the Board of Seneca Nation Educational Foundation
* [[Ray Evans]] (1915–2007), musician/songwriter; composed the Christmas song "[[Silver Bells]]". The [[Ray Evans Seneca Theater]] is named in his honor; it was closed in 2011 due to disrepair and would not reopen until 2013.<ref>[http://www.salamancapress.com/news/article_8a59a354-2742-11e1-9822-0019bb2963f4.html], ''Salamanca Press''</ref>
* [[Albert T. Fancher|Albert T. "Ab" Fancher]] (1859-1930), New York state senator in the late 19th/early 20th century; co-owner (with E.B. Vreeland of the [[Seneca Oil Company]], a subsidiary of Standard Oil Company); donated much of the land to New York that now comprises [[Allegany State Park]], the largest state park in New York; developed the Fancher farm, on the western side of Salamanca, which boasts one of the largest barns in New York.
* [[Ira Joe Fisher]] (1947-), daytime television personality and weather reporter; born and worked in Salamanca, he spent most of his childhood in neighboring [[Little Valley (village), New York|Little Valley]]. 
* [[Ralph W. Gallagher]] (1881–1952), president and chairman of [[ExxonMobil|Standard Oil of New Jersey]]
* [[Marvin Hubbard]] (1945-2015),  former pro football player; born in Salamanca, he spent most of his childhood in nearby [[Red House, New York|Red House]]
* [[Paul Owens (baseball)|Paul Owens]] (1924-2003) player, scout, coach and general manager with the [[Philadelphia Phillies]] in the late 20th century. Raised in Salamanca's East End; graduated from local schools and [[St. Bonaventure University]], and began his baseball career with the still-extant [[Salamanca Merchants]] amateur team.
* [[Edward B. Vreeland]] (1856-1936), banker, congressman, co-author of the "Aldrich-Vreeland Bill" that transformed the United States Banking system in the early 20th century. Senator Aldrich represented Rhode Island and was the maternal grandfather of [[Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller]], governor of New York in the 1960s.
* [[Carson Waterman]], Seneca Indian artist known for public art and illustrations in the ''Allegany Seneca Storybook'' and ''Seneca Coloring Book.''<ref>[http://www.senecanation.com/Artists/Carson-Waterman.aspx Carson Waterman] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502174303/http://www.senecanation.com/Artists/Carson-Waterman.aspx |date=2013-05-02 )), Seneca Nation</ref>

==References==
((Reflist))

==Sources==
* Hogan, Thomas E, "City in a Quandary: Salamanca and the Allegany Leases", ''New York History 55'' [January 1974]

==External links==
((EB1911 poster|Salamanca (New York)))
((Wikivoyage|Salamanca (New York)))
* [http://www.salmun.com City of Salamanca official website]
* [http://www.salamancachamber.org Salamanca Area Chamber of Commerce]
* [http://wnyrails.net/cities/sal/sal_home.htm Salamanca, New York], Western New York Railroad Archive

((Cattaraugus County, New York))
((authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Salamanca (City), New York))
[[Category:Cities in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1870]]
[[Category:Cities in Cattaraugus County, New York]]
[[Category:Seneca Nation of New York]]
[[Category:1870 establishments in New York (state)]]

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