The Salesian Preventive System is the educational method of the Salesians, built upon the pedagogical experience of Saint John Bosco with poor children in 19th-century Turin. It is based on the three pillars of reason, religion, and loving kindness and is opposed to school punishment, or what Don Bosco refers to as the repressive system of education.[1] Don Bosco is the principal historical representative of this method of formation of the young; he was preceded in its development by such luminaries as Philip Neri and Francis de Sales.
Don Bosco wrote only one essay explaining his pedagogical method, The Preventive System in the Education of the Young (1877);[2] this was included in the first Salesian Constitutions.
History
The beginnings of the Salesian Preventive System can be traced to the life and apostolate of Saint John Bosco (1815–1888). During the second half of the 19th century, Don Bosco began work among poor youth in Turin, especially the homeless and orphans. In addition, the industrial revolution had led to a smaller proportion of poor children who would not live to adulthood and, consequently, more living children who needed direction.
Don Bosco based his pedagogy upon two preventive aspects.[3] The first is a timely awareness of the dangers to which youths may be exposed; by this, the educators can help their young charges avoid such harmful experiences in time. The second aspect is the immediate rehabilitation of youths who have already been victims of such dangers before the consequential onset of bad habits; this aspect includes sanitation therapies, empowerment of energies, and the possibility of alternative work opportunities.
Carlo Nanni defined Don Bosco as a man of action rather than a scholar, and, indeed, Don Bosco did not write extensively on the matter. As such, students of the Preventive System may wish to study the life and actions of Don Bosco.[4]
