Salghurids سلغُریان
1148–1282
Map of the Salghurids in 1180 CE.[1]
Status	Atabegate
Capital	Shiraz
Common languages	Persian (official, court literature)[2][3] Turkic (ruling dynasty)
Religion	Sunni Islam
Government	Monarchy
Atabeg
• 1148–1161	Sunqur ibn Mawdud
• 1264–1282	Abish Khatun
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Established	1148
• Disestablished	1282
Preceded by Succeeded by Seljuk Empire Ilkhanate

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History of the Turkic peoples pre–14th century
Turkic peoples Oghuz Turks Karluks Kipchaks Onogurs Kumyks Yakuts Dolgans Krymchaks Sabir people Crimean Karaites
Turkic Languages Turkish Azerbaijani Uzbek Kazakh Uyghur Turkmen Tatar Kyrgyz Bashkir Chuvash Qasgqai Karakalpak Sakha Kumyk Karachay-Balkar Tuvan Gagauz Karaim Krymchak
Turkic Mythology Belief system: Tengrism and Shamanism Chief gods and goddesses: Kayra and Ülgen Epics and heroes: Ergenekon and Asena Major concepts: Sheka and Grey wolf
Pre-14th century Yenisei Kyrgyz People 202 BCE–13th CE Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate Dingling 71 BC–?? AD Tiele (Gaoche) Göktürks First Turkic Khaganate 552–581 Western Turkic Khaganate 581–657 (Tokhara Yabghus, Turk Shahis) Eastern Turkic Khaganate 581–650 Second Turkic Khaganate 682–744 Sabiri People Khazar Khaganate 618–1048 Xueyantuo 628–646 Kangar union 659–750 Turk Shahi 665-850 Türgesh Khaganate 699–766 Kimek confederation 743–1035 Uyghur Khaganate 744–840 Oghuz Yabgu State 750–1055 Karluk Yabgu State 756–940 Kara-Khanid Khanate 840–1212 Western Kara-Khanid Eastern Kara-Khanid Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom 848–1036 Qocho 856–1335 Pecheneg Khanates 860–1091 Ghaznavid Empire 963–1186 Seljuk Empire 1037–1194 Sultanate of Rum Cuman–Kipchak confederation 1067–1239 Khwarazmian Empire 1077–1231 Kerait Khanate 11th century–13th century Atabegs of Azerbaijan 1136–1225 Delhi Sultanate 1206–1526 Mamluk dynasty Khalji dynasty Tughlaq dynasty Qarlughid Kingdom 1224–1266 Golden Horde 1242–1502 Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) 1250–1517 Bahri dynasty Ottoman State 1299–1922
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The Salghurids (Persian: سلغُریان), also known as the Atabegs of Fars (اتابکان فارس), were a Persianate^[4] dynasty of Salur^[5] Turkoman origin^[6] that ruled Fars, first as vassals of the Seljuks then for the Khwarazm Shahs in the 13th century.

History

The Salghurids were established by Sunqur in 1148, who had profited from the rebellions during the reign of Seljuq sultan Mas'ud ibn Muhammad. Later the Salghurids were able to solidify their position in southern Persia to the point of campaigning against Kurds and involving themselves in the succession of the Kirman Seljuqs,^[7] holding Seljuq sultan Malik-Shah III's son Mahmud as a possible claimant to the Seljuq throne.^[8] They briefly occupied Isfahan in 1203-4,^[6] and later occupied Bahrain taken from the Uyunid dynasty in 1235.^[9]

Under Sa'd I ibn Zangi, the Salghurids experienced a significant prosperity, which was marred by his acknowledging the Khwarazm Shahs as his overlord. Saadi Shirazi, the Persian poet, dedicated his Bostan and Gulistan to Sa'd I and Sa'd II.^[7] Following Sa'd I's death, his brother Zangi ibn Mawdud took power in 1161. Tekele followed his father, Zangi, only after eliminating Sonqur's son Toghril.^[6]

During the closing years of Abu Bakr ibn Sa'd and Sa'd II, Fars fell under the dominion of Mongol empire and later the Ilkhanate of Hulegu. Under the Mongols, Abu Bakr was given the title of Qutlugh Khan. Later Salghurids were powerless figureheads, until the daughter of Sa'd II, Abish Khatun was given the title of Atabegate of Fars. She was the sole ruler of Fars for one year whereupon she married, Mengu Temur, eleventh son of Hulegu.^[10] Following their deaths, Fars was ruled directly by the Ilkhanate.^[7]

Culture

During the 13th century, the Salghurids patronized a cultural and intellectual atmosphere which included, Qadi Baydawi, Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, Saadi Shirazi and the historian Wassaf.^[10] The Salghurids knowingly promoted themselves as an Iranian and Islamic dynasty, partly through their links to the ruins of the pre-Islamic Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC).^[11] Under them, Shiraz became a hub for Persian culture.^[12]

List of Atabegs

• Sunqur ibn Mawdud (1148–1161)
• Zangi ibn Mawdud (1161–1178)
• Tekele ibn Zangi (1178–1198)
• Sa'd I ibn Zangi (1198–1226)
• Abu Bakr ibn Sa'd (1226–1260)
• Sa'd II (1260–1260)
• Muhammad I ibn Sa'd (1260–1262)
• Muhammad II ibn Salghur (1263)
• Saljuk Shah ibn Salghur (1263)
• Abish Khatun (1263–1282)