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((Short description|Italian musical dance))
((Italic title))
((refimprove|date=October 2014))
[[File:Pinelli Saltarello.JPG|thumb|''Saltarello''. [[Illustration]] by [[Bartolomeo Pinelli]].]]
The '''''saltarello''''' is a musical dance originally from [[Italy]]. The first mention of it is in [[Add MS 29987]], a late-fourteenth- or early fifteenth-century manuscript of [[Tuscany|Tuscan]] origin, now in the [[British Library]].((r|grove)) It was usually played in a fast [[meter (music)|triple meter]] and is named for its peculiar leaping step, after the [[Italian language|Italian]] verb ''saltare'' ("to jump"). This characteristic is also the basis of the German name ''Hoppertanz'' or ''Hupfertanz'' ("hopping dance"); other names include the French ''pas de Brabant'' and the Spanish ''alta'' or ''alta danza''.((r|grove))

==History==
[[File:Saltarello dance pattern.png|thumb|right|250px|Saltarello [[rhythm]]<ref name="Blatter">Alfred Blatter (2007). ''Revisiting Music Theory: A Guide to the Practice''. Abingdon; New York: Routledge. ((nobreak|p 28.)) ((ISBN|9780415974394)).</ref>]]

The saltarello enjoyed great popularity in the courts of [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Europe]]. ((Citation needed|date=December 2017))<!--According to tho the rest of this article, the dance is not known at all before the end of the 14th century, and even then seems confined to Italy. If Sachs actually makes this preposterous claim, then a second source needs to be added, confirming how reckless his statement is.--> During the 14th century, the word saltarello became the name of a particular dance step (a double with a hop on the final or initial upbeat), and the name of a meter of music (a fast triple), both of which appear in many choreographed dances. Entire dances consisting of only the saltarello step and meter are described as being improvised dances in 15th-century [[Italy|Italian]] dance manuals. (The first dance treatise that dealt with the saltarello was the 1465 work of [[Antonio Cornazzano]].) A clearer, detailed description of this step and meter appears in a 16th-century manuscript in Madrid's Academia de la Historia.<ref>[[Curt Sachs]] (1937). ''World History of the Dance'', translated by [[Bessie Schonberg|Bessie Schönberg]]. New York: W. W. Norton & Company Inc. ((nobreak|p 323)).</ref> During this era, the saltarello was danced by bands of [[courtesan]]s [[drag king|dressed as men]] at [[masquerade ball|masquerade]]s. The saltarello gave birth to the ''[[quadernaria]]'' in [[Germany]], which was then fused into the ''saltarello Tedesco'' (German saltarello) in Italy. ((Citation needed|date=June 2015)) This "German saltarello", in contrast to the Italian variety, was in duple time and began on the downbeat, and was also known by the name ''quaternary''.<ref>Curt Sachs (1937). ''World History of the Dance'', translated by Bessie Schönberg. New York: W. W. Norton & Company Inc.  ((nobreak|p 294)).</ref>

In 1540, [[Hans Neusidler]] published an Italian dance under the name ''Hupff auff'' (introductory skip), and identified it with a parenthetical subtitle: "saltarella".<ref>Curt Sachs (1937). ''World History of the Dance'', translated by Bessie Schönberg. New York: W. W. Norton & Company Inc.  ((nobreak|p 324)).</ref>

==As a folk dance==
((Unreferenced section|date=June 2015))
Although a Tuscan [[court dance]] in origin, the ''saltarello laziale''<ref>''A Carnevale ogni scherzo vale!: filastrocche della tradizione'', AliRibelli</ref> became the typical [[Italian folk dance]] of [[Lazio]] and a favorite tradition of [[Rome]] in the [[Carnival]] and vintage festivities of [[Monte Testaccio]]. After witnessing the Roman Carnival of 1831, the [[Germany|German]] [[composer]] [[Felix Mendelssohn]] incorporated the dance into the finale of one of his masterpieces, the [[Symphony No. 4 (Mendelssohn)|Italian Symphony]]. The only example of a saltarello in the [[Northern Italy|North]] is ''saltarello romagnolo'' of [[Romagna]].

The saltarello is still a popular folk dance played in the regions of southern-central Italy, such as [[Abruzzo]], [[Molise]] (but in these two regions the name is feminine: ''Saltarella''), [[Lazio]] and [[Marche]].  The dance is usually performed on the [[zampogna]] bagpipe or the [[organetto]], a type of diatonic button accordion, and is accompanied by a ((lang|it|tamburello)) or hand-drum.((cn|date=August 2021))

==Medieval saltarelli==
The principal source for the medieval Italian saltarello is the [[Tuscany|Tuscan]] manuscript [[Add MS 29987]], dating from the late 14th or early 15th century and now in the [[British Library]]. The musical form of these four early saltarelli is similar to that of the [[estampie]].<ref>Lawrence H. Moe (2003), "Saltarello", ''The Harvard Dictionary of Music'', fourth edition, edited by Don Michael Randel (Cambridge: Belknap Press for the Harvard University Press) ((ISBN|978-0-674-01163-2))</ref> However, they are in different metres: two are in ''[[senaria imperfecta]]'', and two in ''[[quaternaria (metre)|quaternaria]]''.((r|mcgee|page=168)) No choreographies survive from before the 1430s, and it is not clear that these four dances have any relationship to later saltarelli.((r|grove))

==In classical music==
[[File:Saltarello - Giorgio Mainerio (c.1535-1582) - viol consort & organ.webm|thumb|A saltarello published by [[Giorgio Mainerio]] in 1578. [[Ernst Stolz]] plays the [[viol consort]] and the organ. The images are paintings by [[Tiziano]].]]
*[[Tielman Susato]] included a saltarello in ''Het derde musikboexken: Danserye'' (1551).
* A guitar piece entitled "Saltarello" is attributed to [[Vincenzo Galilei]], written in the 16th century.
* [[Odoardo Barri]]: ''Six morceaux de salon'', for alto-viola and piano (no. 6 is a saltarello)
* [[Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy]] used the Saltarello for the fourth movement of his [[Symphony No. 4 (Mendelssohn)|Symphony No.&nbsp;4 "Italian"]].
* [[Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel]]: ''Il saltarello romano'', for piano, Op. 6, No. 4
* [[Charles-Valentin Alkan]] wrote a "Saltarelle" Op. 23, and in the final movement of his Sonate de Concert Op. 47 for piano and cello, "Finale alla Saltarella".
* [[Berlioz]] used a saltarello in the Carnival scene of ''Benvenuto Cellini'' which was reprised in the Roman Carnival Overture.
* [[Joachim Raff]]: Saltarello, for piano, Op. 108
* [[Charles Gounod]]: Saltarello for orchestra
* [[Camille Saint-Saëns]]: Saltarelle, for men's choir, Op. 74
* [[Camille Saint-Saëns]]: the last movement of the Piano Concerto No. 2, Op. 22 is a Saltarelle
* [[Eugène Ketterer]]: Saltarelle, for piano, Op. 266
* [[Daniel van Goens]]: Saltarello for cello and piano, Op. 35
* [[Ernst Haberbier]]: Saltarello for piano. Op. 54
* [[Max Mayer (composer)|Max Mayer]]: Fünf Klavierstücke, Op. 6 (no. 3 is "Alla saltarello")
* [[F. Laurent-Rollandez]]: Saltarello for piano, Op. 18
* [[Franz Ries]]: Nocturne et Saltarello, for violin and piano
* [[S. B. Mills]]: Saltarello, for piano, Op. 26 
* [[Bernhard Molique]]: Saltarella, for violin and piano, Op. 55
* [[H. T. Manicus]]: Saltarello, for piano
* [[George Grothe]]: Saltarello Galop, for piano
* [[Emil Kronke]]: Saltarello, for piano, Op. 32
* [[George Frederick Bristow]]: Saltarello, for piano
* [[August Marten]]: ''4 Charakterstücke'' for violin and piano, Op. 8 (no. 2 is a saltarello)
* [[Georg Goltermann]]: Saltarello, for cello and piano, Op. 59, No. 2
* [[Gustav Satter]]: Saltarello, for piano, Op. 147
* [[Gabriel Verdalle]]: Salatarello for solo harp, Op. 23
* One of [[Frank Bridge]]'s ''Miniatures for Piano Trio'' is a saltarello (No 5)
* [[Jean Antiga]]: ''Saltarello: danse italienne'', for piano
* [[George Enescu]]: Nocturne et Saltarello, for cello and piano
* [[Theodor Kullak]]: Saltarello di Roma, for piano, Op. 49
* [[Carl Gottschalksen]]: ''Saltarello: Sorento ved Napoli: Italiensk Suite 3'', for piano
* [[Edward German]]: Saltarello, for flute or piccolo and piano
* [[Anton Strelezki]]: ''Saltarello, danza napolitana'', for piano, Op. 18
* [[Henri Piccolini]]: ''Saltarello one-step'', for orchestra
* [[Sydney Smith (composer)|Sydney Smith]]: Saltarello, for piano four-hands
* [[Jules Demersseman]]:  ''Solo de Concert'', Op. 82 No. 6 for flute and piano. The closing movement is entitled "Saltarello"
* [[Leonardo De Lorenzo]]: Saltarello, for flute, op. 27
* [[Paul Mason (composer)|Paul Mason]]: Saltarello, for piano
* [[Émile-Robert Blanchet]]: Saltarello, for piano
* [[Anton Schmoll]]: Saltarello, for piano, Op. 50, No. 19
* [[Jeraldine Saunders Herbison]]: Saltarello, for cello and piano, Op. 30, no. 2
* [[Maurice Jean Baptiste Ghislain Guillaume]]: Capriccietto, Canzona, and Saltarello, for clarinet and piano, Op. 23
* [[Guido Papini]]: Saltarello (Souvenir de Sorrento), for violin and piano, Op. 55, No. 2
* [[Charles Robert Yuille-Smith]]: Saltarello, for cello and piano
* [[Adolf Terschak]]: Saltarella for flute, 'cello, piano, Op. 20
* [[Charles Spinks]]: Dance Suite, for piano, Op. 12 (the second movement is a saltarello)
* [[Bernard Wagenaar]]: Saltarello for piano
* [[Germain Digmeloff]]: ''Pour un anniversaire: Saltarello''
* [[Kris Dorsey]]: ''Shanty Saltarello (What Can You Do with a Drunken Sailor?)'', for brass quintet
* [[Malcolm Forsyth]]: Saltarello for brass quintet
* [[Robert Planel]]: Prélude et saltarelle, for alto saxophone and piano
* [[Lauren Bernofsky]]: Saltarello for C (or E((Music|flat))) trumpet and piano
* [[Jean-François Michel]]: Intrada, canzonetta e saltarello, for B((Music|flat)) cornet or trumpet and piano
* [[Antonius Streichardt]]: Saltarello, for Zupforchester
* [[Germaine Tailleferre]]: String Quartet (third movement)

==Sources==
((reflist|refs=

<ref name=grove>Meredith Ellis Little ([n.d.]). "[http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/24412 Saltarello]", in: Deane Root (ed.), ''Grove Music Online''. ''Oxford Music Online''. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. Accessed December 2017. ((subscription required)).</ref>

<ref name=mcgee>Timothy J. McGee (2014). ''Medieval Instrumental Dances''. Bloomington; Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.((isbn|9780253013149)).</ref>

))

<!-- [[Category:Musical forms]] redundant -->
[[Category:Italian dances]]
[[Category:Renaissance dance]]
[[Category:Dance forms in classical music]]
[[Category:Culture in le Marche]]

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