You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 3.83.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪ST47‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a web host's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and they should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 21:48, 22 February 2026.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 15:08, 18 June 2022
- Expiry of block: 15:08, 18 April 2025
Your current IP address is 3.83.212.75. The blocked range is 3.83.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((short description|Multi-file text editor))
((multiple issues|
((more footnotes|date=September 2012))
((more citations needed|date=September 2012))
))
((Infobox software
| name                   = Sam
| logo                   =
| screenshot             = Sam text editor.png
| caption                = A screenshot of ''Sam''
| collapsible            =
| author                 = [[Rob Pike]]
| developer              = [[Bell Labs]]
| released               = early 1980s
| latest release version =
| latest release date    = ((start date and age|2003|07|04))
| latest preview version =
| latest preview date    =
| programming language   = [[C (programming language)|C]]
| operating system       = [[Unix]], [[Plan 9 from Bell Labs|Plan 9]], [[Microsoft Windows|Win32]]
| platform               =
| size                   =
| language               = English
| genre                  = [[Text editor]]
| license                = 2021: [[MIT License|MIT]]<br />2014: [[GNU General Public License|GPL-2.0-only]]<br />2002: [[Lucent Public License|LPL-1.02]]
| website                = ((URL|sam.cat-v.org))
))

'''Sam''' is a multi-file [[text editor]] based on structural [[regular expressions]]. It was originally designed in the early 1980s at [[Bell Labs]] by [[Rob Pike]] with the help of [[Ken Thompson (computer programmer)|Ken Thompson]] and other Unix developers for the [[Blit (computer terminal)|Blit]] windowing terminal running on [[Unix]]; it was later ported to other systems. Sam follows a classical [[modularity (programming)|modular]] [[Unix]] aesthetic. It is internally simple, its power leveraged by the composability of a small command language and [[extensibility]] through shell integration.

==Design and features==
Sam is designed as two synchronous programs: a command interpreter and a mouse-oriented bitmap windowing interface. The interpreter's command set is modeled after the UNIX editor [[ed (text editor)|ed]] and may be used to operate the editor from a standard text terminal. By default, however, Sam presents its own [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) window, ''samterm'', which additionally allows point-and-click operations through pop-up context menus. This two-process structure allowed sam to access files on networked host systems through remote execution of the file-access process while running the windowing interface locally, thereby bypassing latency over slow connections.

Samterm presents windows to files being edited and to a persistent command window which accepts input as sam commands. Most common editing operations are quickly and naturally accomplished with the point-and-click interface, which also functions inside the command window. This latter fact allows commands to be edited (and resubmitted) just as any other text, a function inherited from the [[Blit (computer terminal)|DMD 5620]] terminal interface.

===Command syntax===
Sam's command syntax is formally similar to ed's or [[ex (text editor)|ex's]], containing (structural-) [[regular expression]] based conditional and loop functions and scope addressing, even sharing some of ed's syntax for such functions. But while ed's commands are line-oriented, sam's are selection-oriented.  Selections are contiguous strings of text (which may span multiple lines), and are specified either with the mouse (by ''[[Drag and drop|sweeping]]'' it over a region of text) or by a [[pattern matching|pattern match]]. Sam's commands take such selections as basic—more or less as other Unix tools treat lines; thus, multi-line and sub-line patterns are as naturally handled by Sam as whole-line patterns are by [[ed (text editor)|ed]], [[Vi (text editor)|vi]], [[AWK]], [[Perl]], etc. This is implemented through a model called ''structural regular expressions'', which can recursively apply regular-expression matching to obtain other (sub)selections within a given selection. In this way, sam's command set can be applied to substrings that are identified by arbitrarily complex context.

Sam extends its basic text-editing command set to handling of multiple files, providing similar pattern-based conditional and loop commands for filename specification. Any sequence of text-editing commands may be applied as a unit to each such specification.

===Infinite undos===
Sam was one of the first text editors to support "infinite" [[undo]] to revert any number of editing errors. This feature, combined with Sam's facility to easily edit its own commands and, fundamentally, its small, orthogonal command set (containing only 33 commands), represent the program's bias toward a low learning threshold over other more expressive "power editors."

==Endorsers==
Sam is the preferred text editor of several eminent programmers. It was the first full screen editor [[Ken Thompson (computer programmer)|Ken Thompson]] liked.<ref>[https://interviews.slashdot.org/story/04/10/18/1153211/rob-pike-responds Interview:Rob Pike Responds], Posted by Roblimo on Monday October 18, 2004, Slashdot</ref> Sam is the text editor used by [[Bjarne Stroustrup]],<ref>((cite interview |last=Rzeszótko |first=Jarosław |date=2006-10-16 |title=Stiff asks, great programmers answer |work=Stifflog |url=http://www.stifflog.com/2006/10/16/stiff-asks-great-programmers-answer |access-date=2008-11-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005145715/http://www.stifflog.com/2006/10/16/stiff-asks-great-programmers-answer |archive-date=October 5, 2011))</ref> [[Brian Kernighan]],<ref>((cite interview |last=Kernighan |first=Brian |date=July 2000 |title=An Interview with Brian Kernighan |interviewer=Budiu, Mihai |url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~mihaib/kernighan-interview/ |accessdate=2008-11-01))</ref><ref>((Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EF2-vcp1Te0&feature=youtu.be&t=44 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/EF2-vcp1Te0| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|title=Brian Kernighan's Programming Setup ((!)) Lex Fridman|date=19 July 2020|last=Fridman|first=Lex|type=|language=|publisher=YouTube|time=44 seconds|access-date=2020-10-03))((cbignore))</ref> [[Douglas McIlroy]] and [[Tom Duff]].((citation needed|date=February 2020)) Others, like [[Dennis Ritchie]], [[Rob Pike]] and Russ Cox, have transitioned to [[acme (text editor)|acme]], an editor with the same command language as sam, but with an assortment of additional features, including [[mouse chording]] and automatic tiling of opened files.

The latest version of sam was written as part of the Plan 9 operating system, but there are [[Microsoft Windows]], [[macOS]] and [[X Window System]]<ref>((cite web | url=https://github.com/deadpixi/sam | title=Deadpixi/Sam | website=[[GitHub]] | date=17 May 2022 ))</ref> ports available.

==See also==
((Portal|Free and open-source software))
* [[acme (text editor)]] — Rob Pike's other popular text editor and successor of sam.
* [[ed (text editor)]] — The original Unix text editor by [[Ken Thompson (computer programmer)|Ken Thompson]]
* [[Plan 9 from Bell Labs]]
* [[List of Unix commands]]

==Notes==
((Reflist))

==References==
*((cite journal |first=Rob |last=Pike |date=October 1987 |title=The Text Editor sam |journal=Software: Practice and Experience |doi=10.1002/spe.4380171105 |volume=17 |issue=11 |pages=813–845 |s2cid=36076160 |url=http://doc.cat-v.org/plan_9/4th_edition/papers/sam/|access-date=2008-11-01))
*((cite journal |last=Pike |first=Rob |title=Structural Regular Expressions |url=http://doc.cat-v.org/bell_labs/structural_regexps/ |access-date=2008-11-01))
*((cite journal |last=Pike |first=Rob |title=A tutorial for the sam command language |url=http://doc.cat-v.org/bell_labs/sam_lang_tutorial/ |access-date=2008-11-01))

==External links==
*[http://swtch.com/plan9port/man/man1/ssam.html ssam(1): stream interface to sam]
*[http://sam.cat-v.org Sam Resources]
*[http://man.cat-v.org/plan_9/1/sam sam(1): screen editor with structural regular expressions]
*[http://plan9.bell-labs.com/netlib/research/sam.exe A Win32 version of sam]
*[http://plan9.bell-labs.com/plan9/addons.html Another Win32 version of sam (and other Plan 9 utilities)]
*[http://ib.wmipf.de/pf9/ A new Win32 version of sam and other plan9 utilities based on plan9port]
*[http://swtch.com/plan9port A new Unix version of sam] as part of [[Plan 9 from User Space]]
*[http://www.deadpixi.com/an-updated-version-of-sam Another version of sam for Unix], without any [[Plan 9 from User Space]] dependencies and with scalable font support
*[http://sam.cat-v.org/cheatsheet/ A sam quick reference card]

((Ken Thompson navbox))
((Rob Pike navbox))

((DEFAULTSORT:Sam (Text Editor)))
[[Category:Free text editors]]
[[Category:Plan 9 from Bell Labs]]
[[Category:Inferno (operating system)]]
[[Category:Unix text editors]]
[[Category:MacOS text editors]]
[[Category:Windows text editors]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Sam (text editor) (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Cbignore (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Citation needed (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite AV media (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite interview (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox software (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox software/simple (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ken Thompson (edit)
Template:Ken Thompson navbox (edit)
Template:MONTHNAME (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:MONTHNUMBER (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:More footnotes (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:More footnotes needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Multiple issues (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Multiple issues/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Rob Pike (edit)
Template:Rob Pike navbox (edit)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Start date and age (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:Time ago (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Trim (view source) (protected)
Template:URL (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Date (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/f (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Time ago (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:URL (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Sam (text editor).

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_(text_editor)"