Map of Achkhoy-Martanovsky District with Samashki highlighted
Samashki is located on the left bank of the Sunzha River. It is 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) north of the town of Achkhoy-Martan and 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of the city of Grozny.
From the north, the hills of the Sunzhensky ridge reach the village, and from the south, the Samashki Forestry and the Sunzha River.
The name of the village comes from the Chechen: Саь-Маӏашка, which translates roughly as "the place of deers".
History
Samashki was founded in 1851,[7] as a part of the Sunzhensky Cossack line, on the site of the destroyed Chechen village of Lower Samashki.[8] In 1920, the entire Cossack population of the village was evicted by order of Sergo Ordzhonikidze.[9] The village was then given back to the Chechens, who repopulated it.
In 1958, after the Vainakh people returned and the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was restored, the village regained its old name, Samashki.[11]
Samashki in the Chechen Wars
During both Chechen Wars the village suffered greatly from the hostilities,[12] most notably in the notorious April 1995 incident known as Samashki massacre committed by the Internal Troops of Russia which resulted in the deaths of 100 to 300 civilians.
In March 1996 another attack on the town took the form of a full-scale assault with apparent disregard for civilian lives; according to Human Rights Watch, Russian forces used civilians as a human shields on APCs.[13] Reports suggested some 500 civilians were killed as a result of the April 1995 and March 1996 attacks.[14] The next month, Russian journalist Nadezhda Chaikova, who had filmed the effects of the 1996 attack, was killed execution-style in Chechnya.[15]
A devastating artillery and rocket attack on Samashki took place in October 1999 at the beginning of the Second Chechen War, despite the demilitarization of the village,[16] killing or injuring dozens of residents on October 27, 1999 alone, according to HRW.[17] At the time, the deputy commander of the North Caucasus Military District announced that there were only "bandits and terrorists" in Samashki,[14] but a report for the British parliament claimed civilians were killed in revenge for the heavy casualties suffered there by Russian forces during the first war.[18]
Federal forces reported a large-scale operation in Samashki in May 2000.[19]
According to the results of the 2010 Census, the majority of residents of Samashki (11,263 or 99.9%) were ethnic Chechens, with 12 people (0.1%) coming from other ethnic backgrounds.
Teips
Members of the following teips (clans) live in Samashki:
Nashkhoy
Zandak
Sharoy
Zumsoy
Terloy
Nuokhoy
Galay
Akkiy
Keloy
Cheberloy
Dai
Nizhloy
Gukhoy
Kesaloy
Khimoy
Khakmadoy
Shikaroy
Chanti
Buosoy
Famous natives
Lyoma Satuyev, Honored Artist of the Chechen Republic, theater and film actor;
Usman Dadayev, tightrope walker, People's Artist of the Chechen Republic, Honored Artist of the Republic of Ingushetia;
Mikhail Ivanyukov, Hero of Socialist Labor;
Prokofi Kalashnikov, Hero of the Soviet Union, colonel, tanker;
Shumisat Khazhmukhambetova, sambo wrestler and judoka, champion of the USSR, silver medalist of the Spartakiad of the peoples of the USSR, master of sports of the USSR in sambo and judo.
Transportation
The R217 federal highway "Caucasus" passes 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the village. Also, a railway line from Nazran to Grozny passes through the village. Part of the village is located beyond the railway.
References
^"Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
^Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
^Кавказский календарь на 1860 год [Caucasian calendar for 1860] (in Russian) (15th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1860. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019.
