Sansang of Goguryeo
Hangul
산상왕
Hanja
Revised RomanizationSansang-wang
McCune–ReischauerSansang-wang
Birth name
Hangul
고연우 or 이이모
Hanja
Revised RomanizationGo Yeon-u or I-imo
McCune–ReischauerKo Yŏnu or Iimo
Monarchs of Korea
Goguryeo
  1. Chumo c. 37–19 BC
  2. Yuri 19 BC–18 AD
  3. Daemusin 18–44
  4. Minjung 44–48
  5. Mobon 48–53
  6. Taejodae 53–146
  7. Chadae 146–165
  8. Sindae 165–179
  9. Gogukcheon 179–197
  10. Sansang 197–227
  11. Dongcheon 227–248
  12. Jungcheon 248–270
  13. Seocheon 270–292
  14. Bongsang 292–300
  15. Micheon 300–331
  16. Gogugwon 331–371
  17. Sosurim 371–384
  18. Gogugyang 384–391
  19. Gwanggaeto the Great 391–413
  20. Jangsu 413–491
  21. Munja 491–519
  22. Anjang 519–531
  23. Anwon 531–545
  24. Yangwon 545–559
  25. Pyeongwon 559–590
  26. Yeongyang 590–618
  27. Yeongnyu 618–642
  28. Bojang 642–668

King Sansang of Goguryeo (died 227, r. 196–227[1] ) was the 10th ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the third son of the eighth king Sindae and the younger brother of the ninth king Gogukcheon, who died without an heir.[2]

Family

  1. Queen, of the U clan (왕후 우씨, 王后 于氏); daughter of U So (우소, 于素) – No issue.
  2. Unnamed woman from Jutong village (주통촌)[3]
    1. Prince Uwigeo (우위거, 憂位居)

Background and rise to the throne

Upon Gogukcheon's death, his queen Lady U supported Sansang's claim and had him placed on the throne. She then became Sansang's queen.[4] This indicates that the custom of Levirate marriage was still practiced in Goguryeo,[5] but also demonstrated Lady U's power in court.[6]

Balgi, older brother to Sansang, led a rebel force attacking the capital, gaining military support of Chinese faction.[2] Sansang had his younger brother Gyesu repel the attack, and Balgi committed suicide.[7]

Goguryeo was invaded by warlord Gongsun Kang in 204 after the older brother of the Goguryeo King Sansang of Goguryeo, Balgi, went to Gongsun Kang and requested 30,000 soldiers to invade Goguryeo so that Balgi could become king.[8] Around this time, Kang established the Daifang Commandery by separating the southern half from the Lelang commandery. Although Goguryeo defeated the first invasion and killed Balgi,[8] in 209, Kang invaded Goguryeo again seized some of its territory and weakened Goguryeo.[9]

Pressure from Liaodong forced Goguryeo to move their capital in the Hun River valley to the Yalu River valley near Hwando.[10] In 217, he granted refuge to a thousand families from the Liaodong region.[2][5][11]

Successor

In the eleventh lunar month of 208, the king chased a sacrificial boar to the village of Jutongchon, where he met a young woman and spent the day with her. The queen heard of this and sent royal forces, failing to kill her owing to her assertion that she conceived.[7] The woman gave birth to a son and became a royal concubine.[12] The son was made crown prince in 213 and later became King Dongcheon.[13]

Sansang died during 227, the 31st year of his reign, and was buried in Sansang-neung.

In Popular Culture

See also

References

  1. ^ Yi, Ki-baek (1984). A new history of Korea. Harvard University Press. p. 13. ISBN 067461576X. Retrieved 2016-01-29.
  2. ^ a b c "Kings and Queens of Korea". KBS Radio. KBS. 2015-03-09.
  3. ^ Called as Little Queen (소후, 小后) or Queen Lady (후녀, 后女) and described to had a beautiful face in Samguk Sagi. In 208, the king secretly went to her house at night, consented not to throw it away if she became pregnant and then committed adultery with her. However, Queen Wu who heard this became jealous and secretly sent soldiers to kill this pregnant lady. Sansang then went to her house and confirmed that she was pregnant his child, even gave her a great gift.
  4. ^ Pae-yong Yi, 《Women in Korean History 한국 역사 속의 여성들》, Ewha Womans University Press, 2008. ISBN 8973007726, pp.122-123
  5. ^ a b Lee, Peter H; Ch'oe, Yongho; Kang, Hugh G.H. (2013). Introduction to Asian civilizations: Sources of Korean Tradition: Volume One: From Early Times Through the Sixteenth Century. Columbia University Press. pp. 30–32. ISBN 9780231515313. Retrieved 2016-01-29.
  6. ^ Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2015). World Clothing and Fashion: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Social Influence. Routledge. ISBN 978-1317451662. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  7. ^ a b Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Literature: Encyclopedia of Korean Folklore and Traditional Culture Vol.3. Seoul: Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Literature: Encyclopedia of Korean Folklore and Traditional Culture. 2014. pp. 150–151. ISBN 9788928900848. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  8. ^ a b "History: King Sansang". KBS. March 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  9. ^ de Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms, Brill, p. 988
  10. ^ 'Gina L. Barnes', "State Formation in Korea", 2001 Curzon Press, pp. 22–23'
  11. ^ Horesh, Niv; Kavalski, Emillian; Kim, Hyunjin (2014). Asian Thought on China's Changing International Relations. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 175. ISBN 9781137299338. Retrieved 2016-01-29.
  12. ^ "산상왕" (in Korean). Doopedia. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
  13. ^ Cho, Hyunseol. "King Sansang(山上王)". Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
Sansang of Goguryeo House of Go Died: 227 Regnal titles Preceded byGogukcheon King of Goguryeo 197–227 Succeeded byDongcheon
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