The Schottenkirche (English: Scots Church) is a parish church in Vienna attached to the Schottenstift, founded by Irish (in Medieval Latin scoti) Benedictine monks in the 12th century. In 1418, the Duke Albert V of Austria transferred it to the German-speaking Benedictine monks from the Melk Abbey during the Melker Reform initiated after the Council of Constance.[4] The church was elevated to the rank of Basilica Minor in 1958.
Irish missionaries out of monasteries in Ireland and Scotland (Iro-Schotten, Hiberno-Scottish) were instrumental in the spread of Christianity in Continental Europe during the Middle Ages.[5] Of special importance in Austria is Saint Koloman of Stockerau (of Melk) killed near Vienna in 1012. This Irish monk of royal lineage killed at Stockerau while on pilgrimage to Jerusalem has been patron saint of Austria until 1663.[citation needed]
The first church was a three-aisled Romanesque pillar church with a single apse, destroyed by a fire in 1276.
An earthquake circa 1443 greatly damaged the existing church on the site. Restorations were completed by 1449 but poorly done, due to lack of money, and on 21 May 1634, the roof collapsed in full view of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.[citation needed]
The collapse of the tower, struck by a lightning bolt in 1638, was seized as an opportunity to completely rebuild the church in Baroque style. From 1638 to 1641, the reconstruction was undertaken by the architects Carlo Antonio Carlone and Marco Spazzio. From 1643 to 1648, Andrea Allio the Old, Andrea Allio the Young and Silvestro Carlone reworked the nave and the west side.[6][7][8] In the process, the length of the church was somewhat reduced, with the result that the tower no longer stands directly beside the basilica.
After the Turkish siege, the church was restored again.[9] As the baroque west tower was barely higher than the facade itself, its extension has often been discussed, but these plans have never come to fruition. The choir tower was dedicated only in the year 1893.
Interior
View of the Freyung and the Schottenkirche, painted by Canaletto in 1758Interior of the Schottenkirche.
Inside, the church is now in high-baroque style with several chapels. Joachim von Sandrart provided the church with a new altar-piece, which today is kept in the prelates' hall.
Between 1883 and 1889, the high altar was built after sketches of Heinrich Ferstel, with Innsbruck glass mosaics by Michael Rieser. Julius Schmid (Austrian, 1854–1935) was artist for the fine ceiling paintings.
After composer Joseph Haydn died in Vienna, a great memorial service was held in the Schottenkirche on 15 June 1809, at which Mozart's Requiem K.626 was performed.
Noted film director Fritz Lang was born in the parish and baptized in the Schottenkirche.
Princess Maria-Annunciata von Liechtenstein married Emanuele Musini in this church on 4th September 2021
^ abcEstimated from satellite images provided by Google Earth
^Niederkorn-Bruck, Meta (1994). Die Melker Reform im Spiegel der Visitationen. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. p. 262. ISBN3-486-64830-6.
^The Latin term Scotti refers to certain Gaelic-speaking people of Ireland (Hibernia) and Western Scotland. In early medieval times Ireland was known, not only as Éire, but also as Scotia as well as Hibernia, the Roman name for Ireland. By late Medieval times it referred more exclusively to what is now Scotland.
^Storch, Maria-Luise. "Andrea Allio der Ältere". Italien Artists in Austria (in German). Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 19 November 2007.
^Storch, Maria-Luise. "Andrea Allio der Jüngere". Italien Artists in Austria (in German). Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 19 November 2007.
^Menin, Patrizia. "Silvestro Carlone". Italien Artists in Austria (in German). Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2007.
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