You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 34.203.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪ST47‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a web host's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and they should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 00:10, 24 April 2026.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 05:38, 21 February 2024
- Expiry of block: 05:38, 21 February 2029
Your current IP address is 34.203.203.107. The blocked range is 34.203.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((refimprove|date=January 2023))

'''Science outreach''', also called '''education and public outreach''' ('''EPO''' or '''E/PO''') or simply '''public outreach''',((citation needed|date=October 2015)) is an [[umbrella term]] for a variety of activities by [[research institute]]s, [[University|universities]], and institutions such as [[science museum]]s, aimed at promoting [[Public awareness of science|public awareness (and understanding) of science]] and making informal contributions to [[science education]].<ref>((cite journal|author=Varner, Johanna|title=Scientific outreach: toward effective public engagement with biological science |journal=BioScience|volume=64|issue=4|year=2014|pages=333–340|doi=10.1093/biosci/biu021|doi-access=free))</ref>

== Scope and history ==
While there have always been individual scientists interested in educating the public, science outreach has recently become more organized. For example, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ([[NASA]]) now requires all of its projects to organize suitable outreach activities.((citation needed|date=April 2007)) Also working to inform the public are organizations such as Communicating Astronomy to the Public<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.communicatingastronomy.org/meetings/|title=Communicating Astronomy to the Public|website=www.communicatingastronomy.org|accessdate=Oct 17, 2022))</ref> and the Washington Declaration on Communicating Astronomy to the Public<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.nrao.edu/ccap/conf_wash.shtml|title=Washington Declaration on Communicating Astronomy to the Public|accessdate=Oct 17, 2022))</ref> that organize conferences for the public on science issues and make efforts to put outreach on a more general institutional footing.

Recently, an increasing number of projects have hired designated outreach scientists (part-time or full-time) that handle public relations for their project. There are also specialized outreach providers such as the Education branch of the [[Space Science Institute]]<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.spacescience.org/education.php|title=SSI - Education|website=www.spacescience.org|accessdate=Oct 17, 2022))</ref> in Boulder, Colorado and the [[NASA Education and Public Outreach Group at Sonoma State University|Education and Public Outreach Group]] at [[Sonoma State University]] which offer to organize a project's outreach activities on a contractual basis.

In addition to outreach by research institutions, an important part of informal science education are outreach programs such as [[science museum]]s and [[science festival]]s.

== Activities ==

Science outreach can take on a variety of forms.

=== Public talks/lectures/discussions ===
[[File:Universum für Alle - New book showcases ESO images.jpg|thumb|Universum für Alle: 70 short popular lectures at [[Heidelberg University]], [[Germany]].<ref>((cite news|title=New Book Showcases ESO Images|url=http://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann12091/|access-date=3 December 2012|newspaper=ESO Announcements))</ref>]]

Lectures are probably the oldest form of science outreach, dating back to the 1820s when [[Michael Faraday]] organized the first of the [[Royal Institution|Royal Institution's]] [[Royal Institution Christmas Lectures|Christmas Lectures]].<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.rigb.org/rimain/events/christmaslectures.jsp|title=The RI Christmas Lectures (Royal Institution Website)|website=www.rigb.org|accessdate=Oct 17, 2022))</ref>

Public talks can be part of a lecture series, given at a [[science festival]] or in cooperation with a special interest group such as a local [[astronomy club]]. Public presentations can have a variety of formats, including straightforward lecture formats with or without [[Scientific demonstration|experimental demonstrations]], guided live interviews, and discussions with several participants and a moderator. There are also less formal initiatives such as [[Café Scientifique]], in which a café or bar is the venue for regular meetings involving guest scientists that come to talk about their work or take part in discussions with members of the public, and collaborations with museums <ref name="Duckett">((cite journal|last1=Duckett|first1=Catherine|title=Nights at the museum: integrated arts and microbiology public engagement events enhance understanding of science whilst increasing community diversity and inclusion|journal=Access Microbiology|year=2021|volume=3|issue=5|page=000231 |doi=10.1099/acmi.0.000231 |pmid=34151182 |pmc=8209632 |doi-access=free))</ref>

=== Visiting primary and secondary schools ===
School students and teachers are an important target group for science outreach. Outreach activities can include scientists visiting schools, giving talks at assemblies, discussions with students, or participation in events such as [[Job fair|career fair]]s and science and technology camps. One organization that focuses on this kind of science outreach is [[Robogals]]. Many universities also have science outreach programs that are dedicated to building relationships between high school students, university scientists, and [[K–12]] teachers. A few of the most prominent university science outreach programs include Carolina Science Outreach,<ref>((cite web|title=Carolina Science Outreach|url=http://www.csousc.org))</ref> the Vanderbilt Student Volunteers for Science,<ref>((cite web|title=Vanderbilt Student Volunteers for Science|url=http://studentorgs.vanderbilt.edu/vsvs/))</ref> the Rockefeller University Science Outreach Program,<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.rockefeller.edu/outreach/|title=RockEDU: Rockefeller University's Science Outreach Program|website=www.rockefeller.edu|accessdate=Oct 17, 2022))</ref> the Present Your Ph.D. thesis to a 12-Year Old Outreach Project at [[University of Texas at Austin]] in [[Austin, Texas|Austin, TX]],<ref>((cite journal
|title=Science Educational Outreach Programs That Benefit Students and Scientists|journal=PLOS Biology|volume=14|issue=2|pages=e1002368|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002368|pmid=26844991|pmc=4742226|year=2016
|last=Clark|first=Greg |doi-access=free ))</ref> the Present Your PhD graduate organization at [[Baylor University]] in [[Waco, TX]],<ref>((Cite web |title=Present Your PhD ((!)) Bringing science to you: A guest speaker program connecting graduate students with the community |url=https://blogs.baylor.edu/presentyourphd/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=blogs.baylor.edu))</ref> the Discover STEM Polymer Day<ref>((cite journal|last=Ting|first=Jeffrey M.|date=2017-11-14|title=Polymer Day: Outreach Experiments for High School Students|journal=Journal of Chemical Education|volume=94|issue=11|pages=1629–1638|doi=10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00767|issn=0021-9584|bibcode=2017JChEd..94.1629T|doi-access=free))</ref> and Energy and U<ref>((cite journal|last=DeWilde |first=Joseph F.|date=2019-02-28|title=Evaluating Large-Scale STEM Outreach Efficacy with a Consistent Theme: Thermodynamics for Elementary School Students|journal=ACS Omega|volume=4|issue=2|pages=2661–2668 |doi=10.1021/acsomega.8b03156| pmc=6647983|pmid=31459501|issn=2470-1343|doi-access=free))</ref> at the [[University of Minnesota]], and the [[Stanford University]] Office of Science Outreach.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://oso.stanford.edu/|title=Office of STEM Outreach|website=oso.stanford.edu|accessdate=Oct 17, 2022))</ref> Using [[Canada]] as an example, it has been estimated that with sufficient organization, every classroom from kindergarten through graduation could in practice receive a visit from one or more scientists annually with participation from only 10-15% of the scientific enterprise.<ref>Bechara J. Saab, [http://www.hypothesisjournal.com/?p=902 "Engaging the Clutch of the Science Communication Continuum – Shifting Science Outreach into High Gear"], ''Hypothesis'', Volume 8, Issue 1 (September 2010)</ref> Some examples of science outreach programs in Canada include: [[Let's Talk Science]], [[Actua (Canadian charity)|Actua]], [[Chemical Institute of Canada|The Chemical Institute of Canada]], and [[Science Rendezvous]].

=== Workshops/schools for teachers and/or students ===
[[File:Cover of the ALMA radioastronomy manual.jpg|thumb|Cover of the [[Atacama Large Millimeter Array|ALMA]] [[radioastronomy]] manual.<ref>((cite web|title=ALMA Material for Teachers|url=http://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann15052/|access-date=7 July 2015))</ref>]]

Inviting groups of school students to a research institution for a workshop is another popular form of outreach. Formats range from a one-day visit to more involved week-long events such as [[Perimeter Institute]]'s International Summer School for Young Physicists, a two-week-long programs for a total of a hundred Canadian and international students from grade 11.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/Outreach/Education/ISSYP_Overview|title=International Summer School for Young Physicists|website=www.perimeterinstitute.ca|accessdate=Oct 17, 2022))</ref>

Another method of science outreach invites school teachers to participate in workshops where they are able to learn effective strategies to engage students in science. This approach was especially embraced by the [[Canadian Space Agency]] (CSA) which held an annual "Space Educators" conference up until 2012 to provides teachers with access to resources to educate their students in space-related science.<ref>((cite web|title=Canadian Space Agency Educators Resources|url=http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/educators/default.asp|date=2017-07-10))</ref>

=== Supporting science fairs and similar events ===
[[File:Cloud chamber as science for general public.jpg|thumb|One of the major goals of [[science festival]]s is to make [[science]] more accessible to [[Public|general public]]. [[Cloud chamber]]s are popular at [[science fair]]s for their capacity to visualize the otherwise [[invisible]] [[radiation]] which surrounds us.]]

Besides organizing independent events, many outreach organizations sponsor existing events that promote sciences awareness. A notable examples are [[science fair]]s, [[public science]] events in which working scientists can participate both as judges and as sponsors of student projects.

=== Online aggregation of science activities, resources, and programs ===
The internet is a rich source of science activities, resources, and programs. For example, research laboratories often maintain educational outreach projects aimed at translating their science into something meaningful for the general public, often [[K–12]] students, as an effort to increase research broader impacts required by funding agencies such as the [[National Science Foundation]] (NSF).<ref>((cite web |url=https://www.nsf.gov/od/oia/special/broaderimpacts/|title=Broader Impacts - National Science Foundation|website=nsf.gov|access-date=2016-07-11)) ((PD-notice))</ref> These may include activities using fast-growing plants that exhibit distinctive mutants with unique [[phenotype]]s useful to teach K–12 students about both [[Mendelian inheritance|Mendelian]] and [[molecular genetics]].<ref>((cite web |url=http://fpsc.wisc.edu/program/index.shtm|title=FPsc: genetics, evolution, modern genetic sciences|website=fpsc.wisc.edu|access-date=2016-07-11))</ref> Some institutions and organizations maintain large<ref>((cite web|url=http://science.wisc.edu/|title=Home ((!)) science.wisc.edu ((!)) University of Wisconsin–Madison|website=science.wisc.edu|access-date=2016-07-11))</ref> or small<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.sanfordlab.org/education/updates|title=Education and Outreach ((!)) Sanford Underground Research Facility|website=sanfordlab.org|access-date=2016-07-11))</ref> aggregations of their activity resources,<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.sanfordlab.org/education/curriculum-modules|title=Curriculum Modules ((!)) Sanford Underground Research Facility|website=sanfordlab.org|access-date=2016-07-11))</ref> outreach programs,<ref>((cite web|url=http://science.wisc.edu/outreachprograms.htm|title=Outreach Programs ((!)) science.wisc.edu ((!)) University of Wisconsin–Madison|website=science.wisc.edu|access-date=2016-07-11))</ref> upcoming events calendars,<ref>((cite web|url=http://today.wisc.edu/events/feed/2/|title=Science / UW-Madison Events Calendar|website=today.wisc.edu|access-date=2016-07-11))</ref> and partnering programs.<ref>((cite web|url=http://science.wisc.edu/sciencealliance.htm|title=Science Alliance ((!)) science.wisc.edu ((!)) University of Wisconsin–Madison|website=science.wisc.edu|access-date=2016-07-11))</ref>

== Awards ==
A number of awards honor commitment to science outreach. Examples include:
* Award for Public Understanding of Science and Technology, [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]<ref>[http://www.aaas.org/aboutaaas/awards/public/index.shtml Award for Public Understanding of Science and Technology], American Association for the Advancement of Science</ref>
* Descartes Prize for Excellence in Science Communication, [[European Commission]]<ref>((Cite web|url=http://cordis.europa.eu/science-society/descartes/home.html|title=CORDIS &#124; European Commission|website=cordis.europa.eu|accessdate=Oct 17, 2022))</ref>
* [[Michael Faraday Prize]] for communicating science to a [[United Kingdom|UK]] audience ([[Royal Society]])
* Communicator award, [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]]<ref>[https://www.dfg.de/en/research_funding/scientific_prizes/communicator_award.html Communicator award], Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft</ref>
* Synapse Mentorship Awards, often given for exceptional contributions to science outreach, [[Canadian Institutes of Health Research]]<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/32408.html|title=Synapse Mentorship Awards|website=www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca|accessdate=Oct 17, 2022))</ref>
* Nicholson Medal for Human Outreach, [[American Physical Society]]<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/nicholson.cfm|title=Dwight Nicholson Medal for Outreach|website=www.aps.org|accessdate=Oct 17, 2022))</ref>
* [[Charles A. Black Award]], for exemplary contributions to public understanding of food and agricultural science
* [[Kalinga Prize]] for popularisation of science is an award given by [[UNESCO]] since 1952 for exceptional skill in presenting scientific ideas to lay people

== See also ==
* [[List of Astronomy Outreach Resources in Europe]]
* [[Science Communication Observatory]]
* [[Science festival]]
* [[Science museum]]
* [[Scientific literacy]]
* [[Physics Outreach]]
* [[Popular science]]
* [[Public science]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

== External links ==
* [http://nasascience.nasa.gov/ NASA Science]

((Science and the public|state=autocollapse))
[[Category:Science in society]]
[[Category:Science communication]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Science outreach (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Citation needed (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite news (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:PD-notice (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Refimprove (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Science and the public (edit)
Template:Source-attribution (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Science outreach.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_outreach"