Genus of spiders
Scytodes spitting spiders that occur all around the world. The most widely distributed species is Scytodes thoracica palearctic distribution, but has been introduced to North America, Argentina, India, Australia, and New Zealand.[1] Pierre André Latreille in 1804.[2]
Behavior
Reproduction
Scytodes species are typically solitary until mating or hunting due to their aggressive nature. Males are cautious when trying to find a mate. Females carry their eggs until they hatch, typically under their body or in their chelicerae. This is the most vulnerable stage in life, the egg-carrying period. Upon hatching, the juvenile spiders remain in their mother's web. They cooperatively capture and feed on prey caught in the web. Upon reaching sexual maturity, the young spiders leave the web, move a short distance away and exhibit solitary behavior.[3]
Spitting
The spitting from which its name derives is used as a method of trapping prey[4] [5] [4]
Species
As of November 2022[update] Scytodes contains 219 species and 1 subspecies. Spitting spiders often are found in temperate and terrestrial habitat regions such as forests in South America, the Caribbean, Central America, Africa, Europe, Asia, North America, Oceania, and on the Pacific Islands :.[1]
Scytodes glabula Scytodes intricata
S. adisi Rheims & Brescovit , 2009 – Brazil S. aethiopica Simon , 1907Ethiopia S. affinis Kulczyński , 1901S. aharonii Strand , 1914Israel S. akytaba Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – BrazilS. alayoi Alayón, 1977 – Mexico , Cuba S. albiapicalis Strand, 1907 – China S. alcomitzli Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – MexicoS. alfredi Gajbe, 2004 – India S. altamira Rheims & Brescovit, 2000 – BrazilS. annulipes Simon, 1907 – Algeria , Tunisia , Libya S. antonina Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. apuecatu Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – BrazilS. arboricola Millot, 1946 – Ivory CoastS. arenacea Purcell , 1904Namibia , South Africa S. armata Brescovit & Rheims, 2001 – Costa Rica S. aruensis Strand, 1911 – Indonesia (Aru Is.)S. arwa Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten, 2006 – Yemen , Iran S. atlacamani Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – MexicoS. atlacoya Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – MexicoS. atlatonin Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – MexicoS. auricula Rheims & Brescovit, 2000 – BrazilS. balbina Rheims & Brescovit, 2000 – BrazilS. becki Rheims & Brescovit, 2001 – BrazilS. bertheloti Lucas, 1838 – Mediterranean to TurkmenistanS. blanda Bryant, 1940 – CubaS. bocaina Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. bonito Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. brignolii Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. broomi Pocock , 1902S. brunnea González-Sponga, 2004 – Venezuela S. caffra Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaS. caipora Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – BrazilS. camerunensis Strand, 1906 – Cameroon S. canariensis Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.S. caratinga Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. caure Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – BrazilS. cavernarum Roewer , 1962Malaysia S. cedri Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaS. cellularis Simon, 1907 – Congo S. championi F. O. Pickard-Cambridge , 1899S. chantico Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – MexicoS. chapeco Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. chiconahui Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – MexicoS. chiquimula Brescovit & Rheims, 2001 – Guatemala S. chopim Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. clavata Benoit, 1965 – CongoS. cogu Brescovit & Rheims, 2001 – Costa RicaS. congoanus Strand, 1908 – CongoS. constellata Lawrence, 1938 – South AfricaS. coronata Thorell , 1899West Africa S. cotopitoka Rheims, Barreiros, Brescovit & Bonaldo, 2005 – BrazilS. cubensis Alayón, 1977 – Cuba, Trinidad S. curimaguana González-Sponga, 2004 – VenezuelaS. curupira Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – BrazilS. darlingtoni Alayón, 1977 – CubaS. diminuta Valerio, 1981 – Costa RicaS. dissimulans Petrunkevitch , 1929Puerto Rico S. dollfusi Millot, 1941 – Ivory CoastS. domhelvecio Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. dorothea Gertsch , 1935S. drakensbergensis Lawrence, 1947 – South AfricaS. edwardsi Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013 – ChinaS. eleonorae Rheims & Brescovit, 2001 – BrazilS. elizabethae Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaS. farri Alayón, 1985 – Jamaica S. flagellata Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaS. florifera Yin & Xu, 2012 – ChinaS. fourchei Lessert, 1939 – Central, East Africa S. fusca Walckenaer , 1837Seychelles , Myanmar , China, Japan , Hawaii S. genebra Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. gertschi Valerio, 1981 – Panama S. gilva (Thorell, 1887) – India, MyanmarS. globula Nicolet, 1849 – Bolivia , Brazil, Argentina , Uruguay , Chile S. gooldi Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaS. grammocephala Simon, 1909 – Vietnam S. guapiassu Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. guttipes Simon, 1893 – Venezuela, TrinidadS. hahahae Rheims & Brescovit, 2001 – BrazilS. humilis L. Koch , 1875S. iabaday Rheims & Brescovit, 2001 – BrazilS. iara Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – BrazilS. ilhota Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. imbituba Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. immaculata L. Koch, 1875 – Egypt S. insperata Soares & Camargo , 1948 – BrazilS. intricata Banks , 1909S. itabaiana Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. itacuruassu Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – BrazilS. itapecerica Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. itapevi Brescovit & Rheims, 2000 – BrazilS. itzana Chamberlin & Ivie , 1938S. itzli Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – MexicoS. janauari Brescovit & Höfer, 1999 – BrazilS. jousseaumei Simon, 1907 – Djibouti S. jurubatuba Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. jurupari Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – BrazilS. jyapara Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – BrazilS. kaokoensis Lawrence, 1928 – NamibiaS. karrooica Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaS. kinsukus Patel, 1975 – IndiaS. kinzelbachi Wunderlich, 1995 – Turkey , Jordan S. kumonga Zamani & Marusik, 2020 – Iran S. lanceolata Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaS. lawrencei Lessert, 1939 – Central, East AfricaS. leipoldti Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaS. leprosula Strand, 1913 – Central Africa S. lesserti Millot, 1941 – Guinea S. lewisi Alayón, 1985 – JamaicaS. lineatipes Taczanowski , 1874S. liui Wang, 1994 – ChinaS. longipes Lucas, 1844 – Southern America. Introduced to Pacific Is., Guinea, Congo, Indonesia (New Guinea), Australia (Queensland )S. lorenzoi Alayón, 1977 – CubaS. luteola Simon, 1893 – VenezuelaS. lycosella Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaS. lyriformis Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaS. major Simon, 1886 – Africa S. mangabeiras Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. mapia Rheims & Brescovit, 2000 – BrazilS. mapinguari Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – BrazilS. maquine Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. maresi Rheims & Brescovit, 2001 – BrazilS. maritima Lawrence, 1938 – South AfricaS. marlieria Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. maromba Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. marshalli Pocock, 1902 – South AfricaS. martiusi Brescovit & Höfer, 1999 – BrazilS. mawphlongensis Tikader , 1966Nepal , Thailand S. mayahuel Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – MexicoS. montana Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaS. monticola González-Sponga, 2004 – VenezuelaS. multilineata Thorell, 1899 – West, Central AfricaS. nambiobyrassu Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. nambiussu Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – BrazilS. nanahuatzin Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – MexicoS. nigristernis Simon, 1907 – Guinea-Bissau S. noeli Alayón, 1977 – CubaS. obelisci Denis, 1947 – EgyptS. opoxtli Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – MexicoS. oswaldi Lenz, 1891 – Madagascar S. paarmanni Brescovit & Höfer, 1999 – BrazilS. pallida Doleschall , 1859Philippines , New GuineaS. panamensis Brescovit & Rheims, 2001 – PanamaS. panguana Brescovit & Höfer, 1999 – Peru S. paramera González-Sponga, 2004 – VenezuelaS. pholcoides Simon, 1898 – SeychellesS. pintodarochai Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. piroca Rheims & Brescovit, 2000 – BrazilS. piyampisi Rheims, Barreiros, Brescovit & Bonaldo, 2005 – BrazilS. propinqua Stoliczka , 1869Pakistan S. pulchella Berland , 1914S. punctipes Simon, 1907 – São Tomé and Príncipe S. quarta Lawrence, 1927 – NamibiaS. quattuordecemmaculata Strand, 1907 – ChinaS. quinqua Lawrence, 1927 – NamibiaS. redempta Chamberlin, 1924 – MexicoS. reticulata Jézéquel, 1964 – Ivory CoastS. robertoi Alayón, 1977 – CubaS. rubra Lawrence, 1937 – South AfricaS. ruizensis Strand, 1914 – Colombia S. rupestris González-Sponga, 2004 – VenezuelaS. saaristoi Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. saci Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – BrazilS. sansibarica Strand, 1907 – Tanzania (Zanzibar)S. schultzei Purcell, 1908 – South AfricaS. semipullata (Simon, 1909) – Tibet S. seppoi Bosmans & Van Keer, 2014 – Algeria, TunisiaS. sexstriata Roewer, 1960 – Afghanistan S. silvatica Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaS. sincora Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. skuki Rheims & Brescovit, 2001 – BrazilS. socialis Miller, 2006 – MadagascarS. sordida Dyal, 1935 – PakistanS. stoliczkai Simon, 1897 – IndiaS. strandi Spassky, 1941 – Iran, Central AsiaS. strussmannae Rheims & Brescovit, 2001 – BrazilS. subadulta Strand, 1911 – Indonesia (Aru Is.)S. subulata Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaS. symmetrica Lawrence, 1938 – South AfricaS. tabuleiro Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. tacapepucu Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – BrazilS. tapacura Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. tapuia Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. tardigrada Thorell, 1881 – Myanmar, New Guinea, Australia (Queensland)S. tegucigalpa Brescovit & Rheims, 2001 – Honduras S. tenerifensis Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.S. tertia Lawrence, 1927 – Angola , NamibiaS. testudo Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaS. tezcatlipoca Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – MexicoS. thoracica (Latreille, 1802) (type ) – Europe , North Africa , Turkey, Iran, temperate Asia to China, Korea , Japan. Introduced to North America, Argentina, India, Australia, New Zealand S. tinkuan Rheims & Brescovit, 2004 – BrazilS. tlaloc Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – MexicoS. triangulifera Purcell, 1904 – South AfricaS. trifoliata Lawrence, 1938 – South AfricaS. tropofila González-Sponga, 2004 – VenezuelaS. turvo Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. tuyucua Brescovit, Rheims & Raizer, 2004 – BrazilS. tyaia Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. tyaiamiri Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – BrazilS. tyaiapyssanga Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – BrazilS. tzitzimime Rheims, Brescovit & Durán-Barrón, 2007 – MexicoS. uligocetes Valerio, 1981 – Costa RicaS. una Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. univittata Simon, 1882 – Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, India. Introduced to Hawaii, Mexico, Cuba, Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay , Chile, Canary Is., Spain , Italy, Cyprus, Egypt
S. upia Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – BrazilS. vassununga Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. vaurieorum Brescovit & Rheims, 2001 – Mexico, GuatemalaS. velutina Heineken & Lowe, 1832 – Mediterranean, Cape Verde Is., SeychellesS. venusta (Thorell, 1890) – Sri Lanka to Indonesia (Java). Introduced to the NetherlandsS. vieirae Rheims & Brescovit, 2000 – BrazilS. vittata Keyserling , 1877S. xai Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – BrazilS. ybyrapesse Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – BrazilS. yphanta Wang, 1994 – ChinaS. yssaiapari Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 – BrazilS. ytu Rheims & Brescovit, 2009 – BrazilS. zamena Wang, 1994 – ChinaS. zamorano Brescovit & Rheims, 2001 – HondurasS. zapatana Gertsch & Mulaik, 1940 – USA .jpg)
