The TTSeawise Giant—earlier Oppama; later Happy Giant, Jahre Viking, Knock Nevis, and Mont—was a ULCC supertanker and the longest self-propelled ship in history, built in 1974–1979 by Sumitomo Heavy Industries in Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. She possessed the greatest deadweight tonnage ever recorded. Fully laden, her displacement was 657,019 tonnes.
The heaviest self-propelled ship of any kind, with a laden draft of 24.6 m (81 ft) and a length of 1,504.10 ft, she was incapable of navigating the English Channel,[5] the Suez Canal or the Panama Canal. Overall, she is generally considered the largest self-propelled ship ever built.[6][7] In 2013 her overall length was surpassed by 30 m by the floating liquified natural gas installation Shell Prelude (FLNG), a monohull barge design 488 m (1,601 ft) long and 600,000 tonnes displacement. Seawise Giant's engines were powered by Ljungström turbines.
The vessel was sold to Indian ship breakers, and renamed Mont for a final journey in December 2009. After clearing Indian customs, the ship sailed to Alang Ship Breaking Yard, Alang, Gujarat, where she was beached for scrapping, which was completed in 2010.[8][9]
History
Seawise Giant during her repairs in Singapore on December 27, 1990 after being hit by Iraqi Exocet during the Iran–Iraq War.Jahre VikingKnock Nevis, ex-Seawise Giant (in red) compared to large ships and buildings:
Seawise Giant was ordered in 1974 and delivered in 1979 by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. (S.H.I.) at Oppama shipyard in Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan, as a 418,611-ton Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC).[10] The vessel remained unnamed for a long time, and was identified by her hull number, 1016. During sea trials, 1016 exhibited severe vibration problems while going astern. The Greek owner refused to take delivery and the vessel was subject to a lengthy arbitration proceeding. Following settlement, the vessel was sold and named Oppama by S.H.I.[6]
The shipyard exercised its right to sell the vessel and a deal was brokered with Hong Kong Orient Overseas Container Line founder C. Y. Tung to lengthen the ship by several metres and add 146,152 tonnes of cargo capacity through jumboisation. Two years later the ship was relaunched as Seawise Giant.[6][11] "Seawise", a pun on "C.Y.'s", was used in the names of other ships owned by C.Y. Tung, including Seawise University.[12]
After the refit, the ship had a capacity of 564,763 tonnes deadweight (DWT), a length overall of 458.45 m (1,504.1 ft) and a draft of 24.611 m (80.74 ft). It had 46 tanks, and 31,541 m2 (339,500 sq ft) of deck space. When Seawise Giant was fully loaded, her 25 meter/81 foot draft was too deep for the ship to safely navigate the relatively shallow waters of the English Channel.[6] The rudder weighed 230 tons, and the propeller weighed 50 tons.[13]
Seawise Giant was damaged in 1988[citation needed] during the Iran–Iraq War by an Iraqi Air Force attack while anchored off Larak Island, Iran on 14 May 1988 and carrying Iranian crude oil. The ship was struck by bombs.(citation needed) Fires ignited aboard the ship and on oil that escaped into the surrounding water, which blazed out of control.[14] Contrary to some more recent online reports, the vessel did not sink; images of the burnt-out but still afloat vessel have been published online.[15]
After the fires were extinguished, the remaining cargo was discharged to other tankers.[16] The ship was declared a constructive total loss, which means the ship was intact but so damaged that it would cost more to repair it than the value of the repaired vessel.[17]
Shortly after the Iran–Iraq war ended, a Norwegian investment firm managed by Finanshuset bought the damaged vessel, which had by then been towed to a lay-up location off Labuan. The manager was Norman International AS, a Norwegian ship manager that was subsequently dissolved in 1992. The vessel was subsequently towed from Labuan to Singapore and repaired.[citation needed] The ship was renamed Happy Giant after the repairs, in line with Norman International’s tradition of naming tankers with the prefix «Happy» and bulkers with the prefix «Norman».[4] These repairs were done at the Keppel Corporation shipyard in Singapore after towing the vessel from the lay-up location at Labuan. She entered service in October 1991 as Happy Giant.[17]
Jørgen Jahre bought the tanker in 1991 for US$39 million and renamed her Jahre Viking. From 1991 to 2004, she was owned by various Norwegian investment firms and flew the flag of Norway.[17]
Knock Nevis was renamed Mont and reflagged to Sierra Leone by new owners Amber Development for a final voyage to India where she was scrapped at Alang by Priya Blue Industries.[18] The vessel was beached on 22 December 2009.[3][9][19] Due to the length and the size of the vessel, scrapping only finished at the end of 2010. The ship's 36 tonne anchor was saved and donated to the Hong Kong Maritime Museum in 2010.[20] It was later moved to a Hong Kong Government Dockyard building on Stonecutters Island.[21]
Seawise Giant was the longest ship ever constructed, at 458.45 m (1,504.1 ft), longer than the height of many of the world's tallest buildings, including the 451.9 m (1,483 ft) Petronas Towers.[22]
Despite a great length, Seawise Giant was not the largest ship by gross tonnage, ranking sixth at 260,941 GT, behind the crane ship Pioneering Spirit and the four 274,838 to 275,276 GT Batillus-class supertankers. She was the longest and largest by deadweight: 564,763 tonnes.[23][24]
Seawise Giant was featured on the BBC series Jeremy Clarkson's Extreme Machines while sailing as Jahre Viking. According to her captain, S. K. Mohan, the ship could reach up to 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h) in good weather. It took 9 km (5+1⁄2 mi) for the ship to stop from that speed, and the turning circle in clear weather was about 3 km (2 mi).[25]
^Clarkson Research Studies Ltd. (1987). Tanker Register 1987. International Publication Service. ISBN0-8002-4143-6.
^Sandra Burton (23 December 1996). "Beijing's Capitalist". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on 14 December 2007. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
^"The Tung Dynasty". Far Eastern Economic Review. 116 (17): 76–78: 76. 23 April 1982. Like other "Seawise" ships in Tung's fleet, this vessel punned on C. Y.'s initials for its name.
