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'''Secret prisons of SBU''' are secret detention facilities operated by [[Security Service of Ukraine]] (SBU) in Eastern Ukraine to incarcerate [[Russian people's militias in Ukraine|Russian-backed separatists]]. 

==Background==
According to multiple reports of UN monitoring mission in Ukraine,<ref>((Cite news |last=Kiev |first=Maxim Tucker |title=Kiev allows torture and runs secret jails, says UN |language=en |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/kiev-allows-torture-and-runs-secret-jails-says-un-vwlcrpsjn |access-date=2022-05-11 |issn=0140-0460))</ref> [[Amnesty International]] and [[Human Rights Watch]] the practice of unacknowledged detention is accompanied by widespread [[Torture in Ukraine|torture]] and various forms of human rights abuses.<ref>((Cite web |title=Watchdogs: Civilians Detained, Tortured in Eastern Ukraine |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/watchdogs-civilians-detained-tortured-in-ukraine/3428561.html |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=VOA |language=en))</ref> 
The Ukrainian authorities refuse to acknowledge the existence of the prisons, but the enforced disappearances keep happening when Ukrainian security forces detain people and try to conceal their fate.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/08/29/human-rights-groups-sound-alarm-on-secret-detentions-in-ukraine/ Human rights groups sound alarm on secret detentions in Ukraine] The Telegraph</ref>

== Investigative history ==
A first evidence of enforced disappearances in Eastern Ukraine committed by the [[Security Service of Ukraine]] was reported by the [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights]] (OHCHR, [[United Nations]]) in August 2014.

In 2015, UN monitoring mission in Ukraine published a testimonies of detainees, who were held incommunicado in secret SBU detention facility located in Kharkiv. The Ukrainian secret service has denied the allegations.<ref>[https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/9thOHCHRreportUkraine.pdf Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine 1 December 2014 to 15 February 2015] Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</ref>

An official report of UN [[Amnesty International]] and [[Human Rights Watch]] issued in 2016 has presented multiple cases of unlawful, unacknowledged detention in SBU premises in [[Kharkiv]], [[Izyum]], [[Kramatorsk]], and [[Mariupol]]. Investigation revealed that Ukrainian pro-government forces, including members of [[Ukrainian volunteer battalions (since 2014)|volunteer battalions]], held civilian victims in prolonged, secret captivity. Later the detained individuals were handed over to the Security Service of Ukraine. During the incarceration the detainees were tortured, beaten, subjected to electric shocks, threatened with sexual abuse, execution, and retaliation against family members in order to retrieve their confessions. Eventually some of them were transferred into a regular criminal justice system, some other ones were later exchanged for people captured by the rebel forces or released without trial.<ref>((Cite web |title=Ukraine: "You don't exist": Arbitrary detentions, enforced disappearances, and torture in Eastern Ukraine |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur50/4455/2016/en/ |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=Amnesty International |language=en))</ref>

By August 2016 the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights made a conclusion that "Ukrainian authorities have allowed the deprivation of liberty of individuals in secret for prolonged periods of time".<ref>((cite report|date=15 September 2016|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/report-human-rights-situation-ukraine-7|title=Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine 16 May to 15 August 2016|publisher=[[OHCHR]]|at=para. 45))</ref>

For example, one of the prisoners, Mykola Vakaruk, spent in the custody more than 600 days, suffering from repeated beatings and freezing cold. As a result of improper conditions he lost a kidney. Being in hospital he was forced to adopt a fake identity before undergoing kidney surgery. Finally he was released with compensation around [[Ukrainian hryvnia|₴]]100 (less than $4).<ref>((Cite web |date=2016-09-02 |title=Tortured and a kidney lost: Life in Ukraine’s illegal ‘secret prisons’ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/tortured-and-a-kidney-lost-life-in-ukraine-s-illegal-secret-prisons/story-2lhm82qnBLniFYhwkFIRbK.html |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en))</ref>

In 2018, the Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International said that the victims of arbitrary detention in government-controlled secret prisons in Eastern Ukraine continue to face new, serious obstacles to justice.<ref>((Cite web |date=2018-03-19 |title=Ukraine: Justice Needed for Former Secret Prison Detainees |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/03/19/ukraine-justice-needed-former-secret-prison-detainees |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite web |date=2018-03-19 |title=Human Rights Watch: Justice needed for former secret prison detainees - KyivPost - Ukraine's Global Voice |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/human-rights-watch-justice-needed-former-secret-prison-detainees.html |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=KyivPost))</ref>

==References==
((Reflist))

[[Category:Black sites]]
[[Category:Penal system in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Locations in the history of espionage|Black sites]]
[[Category:Human rights abuses in Ukraine]]
[[Category:2016 in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Security Service of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Torture in the Russo-Ukrainian War]]

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