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((Short description|Small piece of a single crystal used to initiate growth of a larger crystal))
((More references|date=December 2009))
((crystallization))
A '''seed crystal''' is a small piece of [[single crystal]] or [[polycrystal]] material from which a large [[crystal]] of typically the same material is grown in a laboratory. Used to replicate material, the use of seed crystal to promote growth avoids the otherwise slow randomness of natural crystal growth and allows manufacture on a scale suitable for industry.

==Crystal enlargement==
The large crystal can be [[Crystal growth|grown]] by dipping the seed into a [[supersaturated solution]], into molten material that is then cooled, or by growth on the seed face by passing vapor of the material to be grown over it.

==Theory==
The theory behind this effect is thought to derive from the physical intermolecular interaction that occurs between compounds in a supersaturated [[Solution (chemistry)|solution]] (or possibly vapor). In solution, liberated (soluble) molecules ([[solute]]) are free to move about in random flow. This random flow permits for the possibility of two or more molecular compounds to interact. This interaction can potentiate intermolecular forces between the separate molecules and form a basis for a [[crystal lattice]]. The placement of a seed crystal into solution allows the [[Recrystallization (chemistry)|recrystallization]] process to expedite by eliminating the need for random molecular collision or interaction. By introducing an already pre-formed basis of the target crystal to act upon, the intermolecular interactions are formed much more easily or readily, than relying on random flow. Often, this phase transition from solute in a solution to a [[crystal lattice]] will be referred to as [[nucleation]]. Seeding is therefore said to decrease the necessary amount of time needed for nucleation to occur in a recrystallization process.

==Uses==
One example where a seed crystal is used to grow large [[boule (crystal)|boules]] or [[ingot]]s of a single crystal is the [[semiconductor]] industry where methods such as the [[Czochralski process]] or [[Bridgman technique]] are employed.

Also during the process of [[tempering chocolate]], seed crystals can be used to promote the growth of favorable type V crystals<ref>((Cite web|url=https://chocolatealchemy.com/cocoa-butter-silk|title = Cocoa butter Silk))</ref>

==See also==
* [[Crystal structure]]
* [[Crystallization]]
* [[Laser heated pedestal growth]]
* [[Micro-pulling-down]]
* [[Polycrystal]]
* [[Single crystal]]
* [[Wafer (electronics)]]
* [[Disappearing polymorphs]]

((portal|Chemistry|Physics))

==References==
((Reflist))

[[Category:Crystals]]


((crystal-stub))

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