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((Short description|Praetorian prefect to Roman emperor Commodus (died 185)))
((More citations needed|date=February 2008))
((Infobox military person
|name= Sextus Tigidius Perennis
|birth_date=
|death_date= 185
|birth_place= 
|death_place= [[Rome]]
|image= 
|caption= 
|allegiance= [[Roman Empire]]
|serviceyears= ??&ndash;185
|rank= [[Praetorian prefect]]
|unit= 
|commands= [[Praetorian Guard]]
|battles=
|relations=
|laterwork=
))

'''Sextus Tigidius Perennis'''<ref>''[[Oxford Classical Dictionary]]'', "[https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.6447 Tigidius Perennis, Sextus]"</ref> (died 185) served as [[Praetorian Prefect]] under the [[Roman Emperor|Roman emperor]] [[Commodus]]. Perennis exercised an outsized influence over Commodus and was the effective ruler of the Roman Empire. In 185, Perennis was implicated in a plot to overthrow the emperor by his political rival, [[Marcus Aurelius Cleander]], and executed on the orders of Commodus.

==Sources==
[[Herodian]], [[Cassius Dio]], and the ''[[Augustan History]]'' provide conflicting accounts of the rise and fall of Perennis, but all three agree on the essential points of his powerful position under Commodus and his swift execution in 185. His name also appears among the signatories on the Tabula Banasitana, dated to 177.

==Rise to power==
Perennis perhaps served as ''[[praefectus annonae]]'' during the reign of Marcus Aurelius.<ref>Franke, Thomas (Bochum), [http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e1214000 "Tigidius"], ''Brill's New Pauly'', Antiquity volumes, Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (ed.), English Edition by: Christine F. Salazar, Classical Tradition volumes edited by: Manfred Landfester, English Edition by: Francis G. Gentry. Consulted online on 27 December 2019</ref> The precise date of his elevation to Praetorian Prefect is uncertain. Herodian's account indicates that he did not assume the post until the accession of Commodus, but it is possible that he served as the junior partner of [[Publius Tarrutenius Paternus]] as early as 177. Paternus was alleged to have displeased Commodus by ordering the death of the emperor's lover and friend [[Saoterus]] for his questionable involvement in an assassination plot headed by [[Lucilla]] and [[Marcus Ummidius Quadratus Annianus]]. Whatever the extent of his involvement in the removal of Paternus, Perennis thenceforth wielded enormous power as the lone prefect.

==Career under Commodus==
[[Herodian]] describes how Perennis capitalized on Commodus's distrust of the [[Roman Senate]] (following the aforementioned assassination attempt to which the Senate was linked) by destroying many powerful Senators and claiming their wealth as his own.<ref>[https://www.livius.org/sources/content/herodian-s-roman-history/herodian-1.8 History of the Roman Empire, Herodian, Book One, Chapter VIII]</ref> So too was Perennis thought to have held ambitions of military power: soldiers were given lavish gifts in an attempt to seduce them to his cause, and his sons were appointed to commanding army roles.<ref>[https://www.livius.org/sources/content/herodian-s-roman-history/herodian-1.9 History of the Roman Empire, Herodian, Book One, Chapter IX]</ref> The [[Augustan History]] suggests Perennis also persuaded Commodus to allow him political control, freeing the Emperor for his more hedonistic personal pursuits.<ref>[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Commodus*.html Life of Commodus, Augustan History, Chapter V]</ref>

==Downfall==
Herodian wrote that Perennis began to plot against Commodus.  Gifts from his newly acquired fortune were to curry favor with the army and his sons were secretly recruiting additional forces in anticipation of the coming revolt.  Before they could act, however, the plot was exposed.  First, during a public festival honoring [[Jupiter (mythology)|Capitoline Jupiter]], an unknown person took the stage before the performers and warned the emperor and the assembled crowd of Perennis' plans.  He wasn't believed, and Perennis had him executed.  Later, a group of soldiers came to Commodus and relayed the details of the plot, and showed him coins with Perennis' portrait that they had stolen from one of prefect's sons.<ref>History of the Roman Empire, Herodian, Book One, [https://www.livius.org/sources/content/herodian-s-roman-history/herodian-1.9/? Chapters VIII & IX]</ref><ref>[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/73*.html Roman History, Cassius Dio, Book Seventy Three, Chapter IX]</ref>  The emperor had him and his sons executed. Also instrumental in Perennis' downfall was [[Marcus Aurelius Cleander]], who would go on to fulfill a similar role in the next period of Commodus's reign.

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
Primary Sources
*[[Cassius Dio]], ''Roman History'', [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/73*.html Book 73], English translation
*[[Herodian]], ''Roman History'', [https://www.livius.org/sources/content/herodian-s-roman-history/herodian-1.8/ I.8], [https://www.livius.org/sources/content/herodian-s-roman-history/herodian-1.9/ I.9], English translation
*''[[Historia Augusta]]'', [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Commodus*.html Life of Commodus], Latin text with English translation
*[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Tabula_Banasitana Tabula Banasitana, Latin text]
Secondary Sources
*[[Peter Brunt|Brunt, P]]. (1973). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/classical-quarterly/article/fall-of-perennis-dioxiphilinus-72-9-2/D14C5144FD535AF15C0B9B823D2F48CE The Fall of Perennis: Dio-Xiphilinus 72. 9. 2. The Classical Quarterly, 23(1), 172-177.] 
*[http://www.jstor.org/stable/43847860 Pflaum, H. (1978). La préfecture de l'annone (à propos d'un ouvrage récent). Revue Historique De Droit Français Et étranger (1922-), 56(1), quatrième série, 49-77.]
*Rossignol, B. (2007). [http://www.jstor.org/stable/24359945 LES PRÉFETS DU PRÉTOIRE DE MARC AURÈLE. Cahiers Du Centre Gustave Glotz, 18, 141-177.]
*Brill's New Pauly "[https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/tigidius-e1214000?lang=en Tigidius]"

((DEFAULTSORT:Tigidius Perennis, Sextus))
[[Category:185 deaths]]
[[Category:2nd-century executions]]
[[Category:2nd-century Romans]]
[[Category:Executed ancient Roman people]]
[[Category:People executed by the Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Praetorian prefects]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]

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