You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.199.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 12:56, 12 May 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:55, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:55, 18 May 2025
Your current IP address is 44.199.189.47. The blocked range is 44.199.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Type of burial structure))
((More citations needed|date=May 2019))[[File:Kheops-Pyramid.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The iconic [[Great Pyramid of Giza]] is one of the best-known examples of a shaft and chamber tomb]]

[[File:Great Pyramid Diagram.svg|thumb|right|300px|Cross-section diagram of the [[ancient Egypt]]ian shaft and chamber tomb inside the [[Great Pyramid of Giza]]]]

A '''shaft and chamber tomb''' is a type of [[chamber tomb]] used by some ancient peoples for burial of the dead. They consist of a shaft dug into the outcrops of rock with a square or round chamber excavated at the bottom where the dead were placed. These chambers can consist of a single shaft and chamber like the Mexican tombs or sometimes quite elaborate as was built in [[ancient Egypt]].

Shaft and chamber [[tomb]]s are found at [[Xemxija]] in [[Malta]] which are [[Neolithic]] and ''Dayeh-va-dokhtar'' tombs in [[Fars Province|Fars]] province of [[Iran]]. They were also employed by the ancient Egyptians. The late [[Mesoamerican chronology#Preclassic Era|pre-Classic]] and early [[Mesoamerican chronology#Classic Era|Classic]] Era cultures of west Mexico (what are now the states of [[Colima]], [[Nayarit]], and [[Jalisco]]) used tombs of this kind and much of what little is known about these cultures is known from art objects found in these tombs. As a result, these early West Mexico cultures are sometimes referred to as the [[West Mexico shaft tomb culture]].((Citation needed|date=May 2015))

== Early Egyptian shaft and chamber tombs ==
The first shaft and chamber tomb known to have been used by the ancient Egyptians is the [[mastaba]] tomb.((Citation needed|date=May 2019))

== Western Mexico ==
The West Mexico Tombs are known as the "Shaft and Chamber culture". The Aztecs and Toltecs are part of this area. The Maya culture is south of Western Mexico.((Citation needed|date=May 2019))

The Tombs of Western Mexico and Central America have similar tombs and in part of Ecuador and Columbia these practices were used until the 20th century.<ref name=":0">((Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Michael E.|date=1977|title=A Model for the Diffusion of the Shaft Tomb Complex from South America to West Mexico |url=http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-78-ShaftTombs.pdf|journal=Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society|volume=9|issue=1/2))</ref> The tombs were known for having funerary goods. looting of these tombs was not uncommon. Mexican artists took an interest in collecting these looted ceramics from these tombs and their traditions. Artists such as Frieda Kahlo and Diego Rivera.<ref name=":0" /> Deep-shaft-and-chamber tombs are found in western Mexico and northwestern South America. These two areas have been discovered to of been similarly designed, in regards to, the ideology, religion, form, and geographical significance. The tombs were not just a way of communicating for the living and the dead, but also, they were, grounds to store supernatural properties. Items such as conch shells and shamanistic attributes (a horn being, associated with supernatural powers) were also stored in the tombs. Shamanistic art has been identified in the Western Mexico tombs, according to the ethnohistorical accounts. Spanish writers, referred to the shamans as sorcerers. The Peruvian data claimed that the shamans were buried alongside shamanistic rites when they died. The conch shells were also manifestations of shamanistic ideals as well as practices. Evidence is provided of this as these shells were painted on the Moche V stirrup spout vessels that originated from Peru. One of the Huaca shrines, shaft tombs had a wall in the shape of a conch shell.((Citation needed|date=May 2019))

The Jalisco and Nayarit cultures are incorporated with the Western Mexico culture Colima. The Colima culture has had an agrarian reputation. Most shaft tombs as well as the Colima culture have stored religious art in their tombs. Figurines of animals and people are stored in the shaft tombs of Colima. These figurines are known as Colima flats.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.landsbeyondprecolumbian.com/gallery/gallery.cfm?category=Western%20Mexico&subcategory=Colima|title=Colima|website=Lands Beyond Pre-Columbian))</ref>((Better source|date=May 2019))

[[File:Colima - Dog Effigy - Walters 20092051 - Three Quarter Left.jpg|thumb|Among the Mexica (Aztecs) of highland Mexico, dogs were associated with the deity Xolotl, the god of death.]]

During the construction of the Tequila Valleys of Central Jalisco, labor-intensive construction was at hand. Known as the Core of the "shaft tomb" tradition due to the wealth of the tomb, the labor involved in building the tomb, and the social distinctions key role within these cultures' identities. Ceramic Data is an essential component to the Tequila Valley tomb.<ref>((Cite journal|last=Beekman|first=Christopher S.|date=July 2006|journal=Ancient Mesoamerica|language=en|volume=17|issue=2|pages=239–249|doi=10.1017/S0956536106060111|issn=0956-5361|title=The Chronological Context of the Central Jalisco Shaft Tombs|s2cid=161373885 ))</ref>

==Central American and Mesoamerican tombs==

Research into New World shaft tombs and the Western Mexico and Central American tombs has been difficult due to looting. Shaft tombs did not prosper in Mesoamerica, as they did in northwestern South America, which has led to Joseph B. Mountjoy and Mary K. Sandford suggesting that northwestern South America could be the origin of these tombs.<ref>((Cite journal|last1=Mountjoy|first1=Joseph B.|last2=Sandford|first2=Mary K.|title=Burial Practices During the Late Formative/Early Classic in the Banderas Valley Area of Coastal West Mexico |date=2006|journal=Ancient Mesoamerica|volume=17|issue=2|pages=313–327|issn=0956-5361|jstor=26309482|doi=10.1017/S0956536106060184|s2cid=55683484 |url=http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/J_Mountjoy_Burial_2006.pdf))</ref>

Shaft tombs appeared in Western Mexico during the Mesoamerican period (1500 BCE – 200 CE) and also during the Pre classic period (300 BCE – 150 CE). Shaft tombs vary from 10 to 65 feet deep and built under structures. A reason why they are called shaft tombs is because they use shaft stones to mark the location of the tomb. The labor required to build these tombs indicate that higher social classes were buried in them. In 1993 the first un-looted tomb was discovered at Huitzilapa in Jalisco. Shaft tombs were normally found in three Western Mexican states: Jalisco, Nayarit, and Colima.<ref>((Cite book|title=World history encyclopedia|last=White|first=Kim Kennedy|date=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1851099306|editor1=Andrea, Alfred J.|editor2=Neel, Carolyn |location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|chapter=Shaft Tombs from Western Mexico.|oclc=732082267))</ref>

In Jalisco the tombs found have figurines that are made from clay, have elongated faces and high foreheads. At Nayarit there are sculptures that have painted details and wildly separate eyes. These figures are called Chinnesco because their widely separate eyes give them a Chinese like appearance. Tombs at Colima have hallow figures of animals, humans and plants which are made from warm brown slip (watery clay molded by hand). Other figurines that are also found at this site are ceramic dogs. Ceramic dogs are hairless dogs and are very important to their culture as they have multiple roles in the underworld. These include being the watch dog to the dead, healers, and a source of food. Shaft tombs also contain other offerings such as pottery containing food, beads, crystals, jade and conch shells.((Citation needed|date=May 2019))

The Sipan tomb has been deemed Lord of Sipan, enclosed with eight other individuals, presumably wives and servants of Sipan.<ref>((Cite journal|last=Bower|first=B.|date=1988-09-17|title=Mausoleum Brings Moche Culture to Life|journal=Science News|volume=134|issue=12|pages=181|doi=10.2307/3972866|jstor=3972866))</ref> The paintings in the looted tombs of the Moche are essential because they did not have a written language. The pottery scenes and the wall drawings depict how sacrifice was a core component to the Moche and their beliefs. Sacrifice was essential for the Moche so they could offer their warrior-priest blood in a goblet to appease him. There were two Sipan tombs that were unlooted. In both tombs, there was a moche elite as well as a warrior. It was confirmed by archaeologists that the warriors had no feet. It is assumed that there were ritual amputations performed to make sure that the warriors could not abandon their post in the afterlife.

The Tomb of the Triclinium celebrated the deceased because they were embracing the afterlife. This tomb is an Etruscan chamber tomb. It is located in Italy.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/ancient-mediterranean-ap/ap-ancient-etruria/a/tomb-of-the-triclinium|title=Tomb of the Triclinium|website=Khan Academy|language=en|access-date=2019-05-29))</ref>((Better source|date=May 2019|reason=this isn't awful, but there should be a stronger source))

==See also==
* [[Essaqwand Rock Tombs]]
* [[Imperial cult]]
* [[Shaft tomb]]
* [[Sorkh Deh chamber tomb]]
* [[Veneration of the dead]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==Sources==
* http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-78-ShaftTombs.pdf

((DEFAULTSORT:Shaft And Chamber Tomb))
[[Category:Burial monuments and structures]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Shaft and chamber tomb (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Better source (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Better source needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Citation needed (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Shaft and chamber tomb.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft_and_chamber_tomb"