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((Short description|11th-century Khwarazmshah and last ruler of the Oghuz Yabgu state))
((Distinguish|Malik Shah (Rûm)))
'''Shah Malik''' was the head of the [[Oghuz Turks|Oghuz]] [[Oghuz Yabgu State|Yabghus]] of [[Jand (Transoxania)|Jand]] and [[Otrar|Yengi-kent]] (two towns near the mouth of the [[Syr Darya]]), and was also [[Khwarezmid Empire|Khwarazm]] Shah (1041&ndash;1042).

==Life==
((refimprove|date=May 2021))
''Shah Malik'' held the title of [[Yabgu]] (the traditional leader of the Oghuz). In 1034, the [[Seljuks]], representatives of the [[Qiniq (tribe)|Qiniq]] tribe of the [[Oghuz Turks]] who earlier we part of the [[Oghuz Yabgu State]], split from the Yabghus and moved into [[Khwarazm]] at the invitation of its [[Ghaznavid]] governor, [[Harun, Ghaznavid Governor of Khwarezm|Harun]]. In a battle between Shah Malik and the Seljuks, the latter were defeated and forced to seek refuge in [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid]] [[Greater Khorasan|Khurasan]].

In 1038, the Ghaznavid sultan [[Mas'ud I of Ghazni|Mas'ud]] invested Shah Malik with the title of Khwarazm Shah. He did so in the hopes that Shah Malik would overthrow Harun's successor, Isma'il, who had become an enemy of the Ghaznavids. In the winter of 1040/1041, Shah Malik led his forces across the desert into Khwarazm. After fighting a long battle against Isma'il's troops he emerged victorious, forcing Isma'il to flee. He occupied the capital, [[Kunya Urgench|Gurganj]] and placed Mas'ud's name in the [[khutba]], although by this time Mas'ud was dead.

==Death==
The Seljuks, however, would not allow Shah Malik to remain in Khwarazm. The Seljuk ruler [[Tughril]] and his brother Chaghri descended upon Khwarazm in 1042 and forced him from the province. He chose to flee to [[Kerman]] and then [[Makran]] (his territories of Jand and Yengi-kent may have been occupied by the [[Kipchaks]], preventing him from returning there). He was eventually captured in Makran and turned over to [[Chaghri Beg]], who ended his life.

Shah Malik's wife [[Altun Jan Khatun]] married Tughril around 1043, and their son Anoushirvan remained with her after her marriage.<ref>((cite book|author=Ann K. S. Lambton|title=Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia|publisher=SUNY Press|date=January 1, 1988|pages=262|isbn=978-0-887-06133-2|ref=Lambton))</ref><ref>((cite book|title=Türk dünyası araştırmaları - Issue 173|publisher=Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Vakfı|year=2008|pages=112))</ref>

==Bibliography==
*"Altuntas." ''Encyclopædia Iranica.'' 15 November 2006. <http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/altuntas>

==References==
((Reflist))

((s-start))
((s-bef | before=[[Ismail Khandan]]))
((s-ttl | title=Governor of [[Khwarazm]] and [[Khwarazmian dynasty|Shah]]| years=[[Khwarazm|Governor]]: 1038&ndash;1041 / [[Khwarazmian dynasty|Shah]]: 1041&ndash;1042))
((s-aft | after=[[Seljuk Empire|Seljuk]] rule))
((s-end))


((authority control))

[[Category:Khwarezmid rulers]]
[[Category:11th-century deaths]]
[[Category:11th-century monarchs in Asia]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:11th-century rulers]]
((CAsia-hist-stub))
((Asia-royal-stub))

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