Shamong Township, New Jersey
Township
Samuel Richards Mansion in Atsion, a settlement within Shamong Township
Samuel Richards Mansion in Atsion, a settlement within Shamong Township
Shamong Township highlighted in Burlington County. Inset map: Burlington County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.
Shamong Township highlighted in Burlington County. Inset map: Burlington County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of Shamong Township, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Shamong Township, New Jersey
Shamong Township is located in Burlington County, New Jersey
Shamong Township
Shamong Township
Location in Burlington County
Shamong Township is located in New Jersey
Shamong Township
Shamong Township
Location in New Jersey
Shamong Township is located in the United States
Shamong Township
Shamong Township
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 39°47′06″N 74°43′02″W / 39.785003°N 74.717178°W / 39.785003; -74.717178[1][2]
Country United States
State New Jersey
County Burlington
IncorporatedFebruary 19, 1852
Government
[6]
 • TypeTownship
 • BodyTownship Committee
 • MayorMichael Di Croce (R, term ends December 31, 2023)[3][4]
 • Administrator / Municipal clerkSusan Onorato[5]
Area
[1]
 • Total45.01 sq mi (116.58 km2)
 • Land44.45 sq mi (115.14 km2)
 • Water0.56 sq mi (1.44 km2)  1.24%
 • Rank41st of 565 in state
6th of 40 in county[1]
Elevation
[7]
56 ft (17 m)
Population
 (2020)[8][9]
 • Total6,460
 • Estimate 
(2022)[8][10]
6,480
 • Rank329th of 565 in state
25th of 40 in county[11]
 • Density145.3/sq mi (56.1/km2)
  • Rank523rd of 565 in state
35th of 40 in county[11]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Code
08088[12]
Area code(s)609 exchanges: 268, 801, 859[13]
FIPS code3400566810[1][14][15]
GNIS feature ID0882084[1][16]
Websitewww.shamong.net

Shamong Township is a township in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 6,460,[8][9] a decrease of 30 (−0.5%) from the 2010 census count of 6,490,[17][18] which in turn reflected an increase of 28 (+0.4%) from the 6,462 counted in the 2000 census.[19] The township, and all of Burlington County, is a part of the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley.[20]

Shamong was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 19, 1852, from portions of Medford, Southampton and Washington townships. Portions of the township were taken to form Woodland Township (March 7, 1866) and Tabernacle Township (March 22, 1901).[21] In April 1902, portions of Hammonton and Waterford Township were annexed to the township.[22] The township's name comes from Native American terms meaning "place of the big horn", from the words oschummo ("horn") and onk ("place").[23][24]

New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Shamong Township as its 6th best place to live in its 2008 rankings of the "Best Places To Live" in New Jersey.[25]

History

This area, along with much of present-day southern New Jersey, was inhabited by Lenape Native Americans at the time of European encounter. They spoke Unami, one of the three major dialects of the Lenape language, which belonged to the Algonquian language family. The Lenape territory ranged from the New York metropolitan area and western Long Island, extending into New Jersey, eastern Pennsylvania along the Delaware River, and Delaware.

By the mid-18th century, English colonists had displaced the local Lenape of southern New Jersey onto what was previously known as the Brotherton Indian Reservation. This reservation was in the area of present-day Indian Mills, which was named after mills built and operated by the Brotherton people, who were converted Christian Indians. Some of them were relocated in 1765 from Cranbury, New Jersey.[26] With sustained pressure following the American Revolutionary War, the Brotherton Indians of New Jersey migrated to New York. They accepted an offer by the Stockbridge Indians, also Christian converts, to settle on their reservation in the central part of the state, where they had been allocated land by the Oneida people, one of the Iroquois nations.[27] Some of the Munsee-speaking Lenape from the northern part of their territory also migrated there. These remaining communities were attempting to reorganize after years of disease and conflict with colonists and major powers. The Brotherton Indians sold their last property in New Jersey in 1818 and had essentially been absorbed by the Munsee.[28]

Following the Revolutionary War, settlers from New England flooded into New York, encroaching on Indian territory. Ultimately, the Stockbridge and Munsee were relocated to Wisconsin in the 1820s and 1830s, forced out along with the Oneida by the United States Indian Removal policy, which sought to relocate Native Americans to the west of the Mississippi River. Today, the Stockbridge-Munsee Community is a federally recognized tribe, with a 22,000-acre (8,900 ha) reservation in Shawano County, Wisconsin.

In 1992, a non-binding referendum gave voters the opportunity to consider renaming the township to Indian Mills, the name of an unincorporated community within the township.[29]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 45.01 square miles (116.58 km2), including 44.45 square miles (115.14 km2) of land and 0.56 square miles (1.44 km2) of water (1.24%).[1][2] Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Atsion, Dellette, Flyat, Hampton Furnace, High Crossing, Indian Mills, and Smalls.[30]

The township borders Medford Township, Tabernacle Township, and Washington Township in Burlington County; Hammonton in Atlantic County; and Waterford Township in Camden County.[31][32][33]

The township is one of 56 South Jersey municipalities that are included within the New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve, a protected natural area of unique ecology covering 1,100,000 acres (450,000 ha), that has been classified as a United States Biosphere Reserve and established by Congress in 1978 as the nation's first National Reserve.[34] All of the township is included in the state-designated Pinelands Area, which includes portions of Burlington County, along with areas in Atlantic, Camden, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester and Ocean counties.[35]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18601,008—
18701,149*14.0%
18801,097−4.5%
1890958−12.7%
1900910−5.0%
1910483*−46.9%
1920414−14.3%
193047514.7%
19405056.3%
195071241.0%
19607748.7%
19701,31870.3%
19804,537244.2%
19905,76527.1%
20006,46212.1%
20106,4900.4%
20206,460−0.5%
2022 (est.)6,480[8][10]0.3%
Population sources:
1860–2000[36] 1860–1920[37]
1860–1870[38] 1870[39] 1880–1890[40]
1890–1910[41] 1910–1930[42]
1940–2000[43] 2000[44][45]
2010[17][18] 2020[8][9]
* = Lost territory in previous decade.[21]

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 6,490 people, 2,168 households, and 1,825 families in the township. The population density was 146.2 per square mile (56.4/km2). There were 2,227 housing units at an average density of 50.2 per square mile (19.4/km2). The racial makeup was 96.86% (6,286) White, 0.92% (60) Black or African American, 0.20% (13) Native American, 0.59% (38) Asian, 0.02% (1) Pacific Islander, 0.26% (17) from other races, and 1.16% (75) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.30% (149) of the population.[17]

Of the 2,168 households, 40.2% had children under the age of 18; 71.7% were married couples living together; 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present and 15.8% were non-families. Of all households, 12.7% were made up of individuals and 4.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.99 and the average family size was 3.28.[17]

26.8% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 21.7% from 25 to 44, 34.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.9 years. For every 100 females, the population had 97.4 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 98.3 males.[17]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $104,063 (with a margin of error of +/− $7,752) and the median family income was $110,848 (+/− $10,655). Males had a median income of $80,188 (+/− $22,205) versus $53,591 (+/− $14,752) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $38,817 (+/− $3,645). About 2.4% of families and 3.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.6% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over.[46]

2000 census

As of the 2000 U.S. census,[14] there were 6,462 people, 2,132 households, and 1,820 families residing in the township. The population density was 144.2 inhabitants per square mile (55.7/km2). There were 2,175 housing units at an average density of 48.5 per square mile (18.7/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.25% White, 0.82% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.67% Asian, 0.31% from other races, and 0.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.05% of the population.[44][45]

There were 2,132 households, out of which 44.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.2% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.6% were non-families. 11.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.03 and the average family size was 3.29.[44][45]

In the township, the population was spread out, with 29.4% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 29.2% from 45 to 64, and 6.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.8 males.[44][45]

The median income for a household in the township was $77,457, and the median income for a family was $82,534. Males had a median income of $55,664 versus $35,440 for females. The per capita income for the township was $30,934. About 2.3% of families and 2.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.7% of those under age 18 and 2.1% of those age 65 or over.[44][45]

Government

Local government

Shamong Township municipal building

Shamong Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state.[47] The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle.[6][48] At an annual reorganization meeting held each January, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor and another as Deputy Mayor.

As of 2023, members of the Shamong Township Committee are Mayor Michael S. DiCroce (R, term on committee ends December 31, 2025; term as mayor ends 2023), Deputy Mayor Martin D. Mozitis (R, term on committee and as deputy mayor ends 2023), Neil R. Wilkinson (R, 2025), Brian Woods (2024) and Chris Zehnder (2024).[3][49][50][51][52]

Township Committee member Chris Norman left office in January 2012, citing potential conflicts of interest in his employment with a law firm that does business with the township[53] and was replaced by Tim Gimbel on an interim basis before Gimbel won election in November 2012 to serve the balance of Norman's term ending December 2013.[54][55]

Emergency services

Law enforcement in the township is provided from the New Jersey State Police barracks in Southampton Township.[56]

Federal, state, and county representation

Shamong Township is located in the 3rd Congressional District[57] and is part of New Jersey's 8th state legislative district.[58][59][60] Prior to the 2010 Census, Shamong Township had been split between the 2nd Congressional District and the 3rd Congressional District, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.[61]

For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 3rd congressional district is represented by Andy Kim (D, Moorestown).[62] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[63] and Bob Menendez (Englewood Cliffs, term ends 2025).[64][65]

For the 2024-2025 session, the 8th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the New Jersey Senate by Latham Tiver (R, Southampton Township) and in the General Assembly by Andrea Katz (D, Chesterfield Township) and Michael Torrissi (R, Hammonton).[66]

Burlington County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners comprised of five members who are chosen at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year; at an annual reorganization meeting, the board selects a director and deputy director from among its members to serve a one-year term.[67] As of 2024, Burlington County's Commissioners are: Director Felicia Hopson (D, Willingboro Township, 2024),[68] Tom Pullion (D, Edgewater Park, 2026),[69] Allison Eckel (D, Medford, 2025),[70] Deputy Director Daniel J. O'Connell (D, Delran Township, 2024)[71] and Balvir Singh (D, Burlington Township, 2026).[72][67][73][74][75][76]

Burlington County's Constitutional Officers are: Clerk Joanne Schwartz (D, Southampton Township, 2028)[77][78] Sheriff James H. Kostoplis (D, Bordentown, 2025)[79][80] and Surrogate Brian J. Carlin (D, Burlington Township, 2026).[81][82]

Politics

As of March 2011, there were a total of 4,549 registered voters in Shamong Township, of which 830 (18.2% vs. 33.3% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 1,584 (34.8% vs. 23.9%) were registered as Republicans and 2,132 (46.9% vs. 42.8%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 3 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens.[83] Among the township's 2010 Census population, 70.1% (vs. 61.7% in Burlington County) were registered to vote, including 95.8% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 80.3% countywide).[83][84]

In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 2,084 votes here (59.9% vs. 40.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,348 votes (38.7% vs. 58.1%) and other candidates with 40 votes (1.1% vs. 1.0%), among the 3,480 ballots cast by the township's 4,710 registered voters, for a turnout of 73.9% (vs. 74.5% in Burlington County).[85][86] In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 2,073 votes here (56.8% vs. 39.9% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,510 votes (41.4% vs. 58.4%) and other candidates with 44 votes (1.2% vs. 1.0%), among the 3,648 ballots cast by the township's 4,564 registered voters, for a turnout of 79.9% (vs. 80.0% in Burlington County).[87] In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 2,188 votes here (62.4% vs. 46.0% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 1,286 votes (36.7% vs. 52.9%) and other candidates with 22 votes (0.6% vs. 0.8%), among the 3,507 ballots cast by the township's 4,452 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.8% (vs. 78.8% in the whole county).[88]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,474 votes here (76.1% vs. 61.4% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 409 votes (21.1% vs. 35.8%) and other candidates with 24 votes (1.2% vs. 1.2%), among the 1,937 ballots cast by the township's 4,679 registered voters, yielding a 41.4% turnout (vs. 44.5% in the county).[89][90] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,586 votes here (66.2% vs. 47.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 634 votes (26.5% vs. 44.5%), Independent Chris Daggett with 128 votes (5.3% vs. 4.8%) and other candidates with 23 votes (1.0% vs. 1.2%), among the 2,394 ballots cast by the township's 4,542 registered voters, yielding a 52.7% turnout (vs. 44.9% in the county).[91]

Education

The Shamong Township School District serves public school students in kindergarten through eighth grade. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of two schools, had an enrollment of 746 students and 64.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.6:1.[92] Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[93]) are Indian Mills Elementary School[94] with 394 students in grades PreK–4 and Indian Mills Memorial Middle School[95] with 348 students in grades 5–8.[96][97][98]

Public school students in Shamong Township in ninth through twelfth grades attend Seneca High School located in Tabernacle Township, which also serves students from Southampton Township, Tabernacle Township and Woodland Township.[99] The school is part of the Lenape Regional High School District, which also serves students from Evesham Township, Medford Lakes, Medford Township and Mount Laurel Township.[100][101] As of the 2018–2019 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 1,137 students and 109.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.4:1.[102]

Students from Shamong Township, and from all of Burlington County, are eligible to attend the Burlington County Institute of Technology, a countywide public school district that serves the vocational and technical education needs of students at the high school and post-secondary level at its campuses in Medford and Westampton Township.[103]

Transportation

U.S. Route 206 in Shamong Township

As of May 2010, the township had a total of 76.92 miles (123.79 km) of roadways, of which 53.03 miles (85.34 km) were maintained by the municipality, 17.42 miles (28.03 km) by Burlington County and 6.47 miles (10.41 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[104]

U.S. Route 206 is the most significant highway passing through Shamong Township.[105] County Route 534[106] and County Route 541[107] also serve the township.[108]

Wineries

Notable people

See also: Category:People from Shamong Township, New Jersey

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Shamong Township include:

References

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  2. ^ a b US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  3. ^ a b Mayor and Township Committee, Shamong Township. Accessed April 25, 2023.
  4. ^ 2023 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, updated February 8, 2023. Accessed February 10, 2023.
  5. ^ Administration & Clerk's Office, Shamong Township. Accessed April 25, 2023.
  6. ^ a b 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 103.
  7. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Township of Shamong, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 14, 2013.
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  39. ^ Staff. A compendium of the ninth census, 1870, p. 259. United States Census Bureau, 1872. Accessed July 9, 2013.
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  53. ^ Tait III, Adam. "Norman steps down from Shamong Township Committee, citing conflict of interest with new position", Medford Central Record, January 30, 2012. Accessed December 1, 2013. "Committeeman Chris Norman resigned his seat on Jan. 17. The move was made necessary because Norman's new position as an attorney with the firm of Raymond, Coleman and Heinold, would have been a conflict of interest, as that firm represents Shamong in legal matters."
  54. ^ November 6, 2012 Summary Report Burlington County Amended Official Results, Burlington County, New Jersey. Accessed December 1, 2013.
  55. ^ Tait, Adam III. "Shamong swears new committeeman", ""Journal Register News, February 21, 2012. Accessed December 1, 2013. "Tim Gimbel was sworn in as the township's newest committeeman at the group's last meeting. Gimbel was chosen from among three candidates for the all-Republican board, with the oath of office administered by Solicitor Douglas Heinold."
  56. ^ New Jersey State Police, Shamong Township. Accessed April 25, 2023. "Shamong Township Police services are provided by the New Jersey State Police. The Troop 'C' Red Lion Station which is located on U.S. Route 206 in Southampton, NJ."
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  64. ^ Biography of Bob Menendez, United States Senate, January 26, 2015. "Menendez, who started his political career in Union City, moved in September from Paramus to one of Harrison's new apartment buildings near the town's PATH station.."
  65. ^ Home, sweet home: Bob Menendez back in Hudson County. nj.com. Accessed April 30, 2021. "Booker, Cory A. - (D - NJ) Class II; Menendez, Robert - (D - NJ) Class I"
  66. ^ Legislative Roster for District 8, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 12, 2024.
  67. ^ a b Board of County Commissioners, Burlington County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
  68. ^ Felicia Hopson, Burlington County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
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  88. ^ 2004 Presidential Election: Burlington County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed December 28, 2014.
  89. ^ 2013 Governor: Burlington County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, January 29, 2014. Accessed December 28, 2014.
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  91. ^ 2009 Governor: Burlington County Archived January 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed December 28, 2014.
  92. ^ District information for Shamong Township School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.
  93. ^ School Data for the Shamong Township Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.
  94. ^ Indian Mills Elementary School, Shamong Township School District. Accessed May 14, 2020.
  95. ^ Indian Mills Memorial Middle School, Shamong Township School District. Accessed May 14, 2020.
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  99. ^ Seneca High School 2015 Report Card Narrative, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed March 6, 2020. "Attendance Area: Shamong, Southampton, Tabernacle and Woodland Townships"
  100. ^ Lenape Regional High School District 2016 Report Card Narrative, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed December 5, 2017. "The Lenape Regional High School District (LRHSD) serves the eight municipalities of Evesham, Medford, Mount Laurel, Shamong, Southampton, Tabernacle and Woodland Townships and Medford Lakes Borough. Encompassing an area of 350 square miles the Lenape District is the largest school district in Burlington County."
  101. ^ Staff. "Regional School Districts", Burlington County Times, April 26, 2015. Accessed March 6, 2020. "Lenape Regional Serves: Evesham, Medford, Medford Lakes, Mount Laurel, Shamong, Southampton, Tabernacle, Woodland"
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  103. ^ Why Choose BCIT?, Burlington County Institute of Technology. Accessed December 1, 2013.
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  105. ^ U.S. Route 206 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated June 2017. Accessed February 6, 2023.
  106. ^ County Route 534 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated September 2013. Accessed February 6, 2023.
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  109. ^ Koller, Brock. "New Jersey's Daria Berenato taking risks, making history on path to WWE", WPVI-TV, June 28, 2015. Accessed February 23, 2017. "21-year-old Daria Berenato from Shamong Township, New Jersey was recently standing inside a wrestling ring in Full Sail University, in her bathing suit, on worldwide television, in front of a panel of judges made up of WWE hall of famers and legends including current Executive Vice President of Talent, Live Events and Creative, Paul Levesque, better known as superstar Triple H."
  110. ^ "Model in the Spotlight: Kacey Carrig", Details (magazine). Accessed October 2, 2015. "Hometown: Shamong, New Jersey"
  111. ^ Zangaro, Dave. "Comer picked 57th in MLB entry draft", Burlington County Times, June 7, 2011. Accessed November 28, 2017. "Kevin Comer watched the TV in his Shamong home with great anticipation. By the 50th pick of the Major League Baseball entry draft Monday night, the Seneca High School senior hadn’t heard his name called."
  112. ^ Staff. The New Jersey Law Journal, Volume 44, p. 95. Honeyman & Rowe, 1921. Accessed December 1, 2013. "Ex Congressman John J Gardner While not a lawyer it was not his fault that he was not a member of the New Jersey Bar This is to be said of Ex Congressman John J. Gardner of, formerly, Atlantic City, who died on his farm at Indian Mills, Burlington county on Feb. 7th last, of heart disease."
  113. ^ Leakan, Paul. "Reeve Paralysis Foundation cause hits home Med. Lakes family to host fund-raiser", Burlington County Times, March 6, 2005. Accessed August 30, 2012. "Dana Reeve, country-music star Kenny Rogers, Philadelphia Eagles offensive tackle Jon Runyan, who lives in Mount Laurel, and former Philadelphia Flyers right-winger Keith Jones, a resident of Shamong, are among those scheduled to attend, Miles said."
  114. ^ Hafetz, David. "Ambitious 17-year-old Proves She's In A Class By Herself", The Philadelphia Inquirer, May 17, 1997. Accessed December 1, 2013. "When Juliet Richardson takes her trip down memory lane, she might not know which way to turn: The 17-year-old from Shamong has been a student in high school and college at the same time."
  115. ^ McGuire, William; and Wheeler, Leslie. American Social Leaders, p. 431. ABC-CLIO, 1993. ISBN 9780874366334. Accessed January 7, 2019. "William Still was born in Shamong, New Jersey, the youngest of eighteen children. Both his parents were former slaves."
  116. ^ Staff. "SJ Faces: Joe Vento", Courier-Post, January 2, 2005. Accessed August 30, 2012. "But he and Eileen, his wife of 43 years, have called a Shamong horse farm home since the mid-1970s (their son, Geno, 33, lives in Cherry Hill)."
  117. ^ Wells, Steven. "Vento Venting: The Geno's proprietor doesn't speak for South Philly", Philadelphia Weekly, July 19, 2006. Accessed April 9, 2008.

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