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((Short description|Chinese jet airliner prototype))
((More citations needed|date=January 2007))
{|((Infobox aircraft begin
 |name= Y-10
 |image= File:Y-10-6.jpg
 |caption= 
))((Infobox aircraft type
 |type= [[Narrow-body aircraft|Narrow-body jet airliner]]
 |manufacturer= [[Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Factory]] 
 |designer=Shanghai Aircraft Research Institute<ref name = "Chinese"/>
 |first flight= 26 September 1980<ref name = "Chinese"/>
 |introduced= 
 |retired=
 |status=
 |primary user=
 |more users= 
 |produced=
 |number built=3
 |developed from =
 |variants with their own articles= 
))
|}
[[File:Shanghai Y-10 model.jpg|thumb|Model]]
[[File:Y-10-7.jpg|thumb|Commemorative plaque]]

The '''Shanghai Y-10''' or '''Yun-10''' (((zh|s=运-10|l=Transporter-10))) is a four engined [[narrow-body aircraft|narrow-body jet airliner]] developed in the 1970s by the Shanghai Aircraft Research Institute. The plane used Boeing's 707-320C as reference, designed according to [[Federal Aviation Regulation]] (Part 25, 1970 edition).<ref>上海民用航空产业发展研究，P7, ((ISBN|978 7 313 09555 8))</ref>

Due to unavailability of the intended [[List of Chinese aircraft engines|WS-8]] [[turbofan]] engines the prototype aircraft used [[Pratt & Whitney JT3D]]-7 [[turbofan]] engines, acquired as spare engines for [[Civil Aviation Administration of China|CAAC]]'s small fleet of [[Boeing 707]] aircraft.  The cabin could be configured to seat 178 in high-density, 149 in economy, or 124 in mixed-class and the large flight deck accommodated five crew members: [[Aviator|pilot]], [[First Officer (civil aviation)|co-pilot]], [[flight engineer]], [[navigator]], and [[Radioman|radio operator]].<ref name = "Chinese"/>

==History==
Development work, given code name 708, began in Shanghai in August, 1970 for [[Civil Aviation Administration of China]] (CAAC).  The plane was intended to serve as a demonstrator and help the Chinese industry obtain experience in large aircraft design and flight testing.  The Y-10 development costs totalled 537.7 million [[Renminbi|yuan]]. The Chinese government prided itself on the program, citing a Reuters report which said, "After developing this kind of highly complex technology, one could no longer regard China as a backward country."<ref name="civilaviationresource">((cite web | url=http://i.carnoc.com/detail/144238|title=  航空工业六十年：从运十到COMAC919|work=民航资源网 | accessdate=August 10, 2017
|date=September 27, 2009|quote=路透社评论：“在得到这种高度复杂的技术时，再也不能视中国为一个落后国家了。”))</ref> The project was heavily tainted by politics from the beginning because it was spearheaded by [[Wang Hongwen]], one of the [[Gang of Four]]. The guiding philosophy during the 1980s the political-economic reforms and opening up which emphasizes importing technology from the west and exporting low-end goods diverted resources from domestic high-tech manufacturing and R&D.  The strategic vision of an independently developed large transport plane had long been voiced by [[Mao Zedong]] and, in 2006, a similar project with updated design goals made its way into the [[Eleventh Five-Year Plan (People's Republic of China)|Eleventh Five-Year Plan]], periodic strategic socio-economical development plans drawn up by the Chinese government.<ref name = "Chinese"/>

Three aircraft were built by the Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Factory (now known as [[Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Company]]) at Dachang Air Base north of Shanghai. The first prototype (01) was used for static testing, the second prototype (02) was used for flight testing and the third (03) for fatigue testing. The plane first flew on September 26, 1980, making 130 flights with 170 hours of flying time, visiting [[Beijing]], [[Harbin]], [[Urumqi]], [[Zhengzhou]], [[Hefei]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Kunming]], [[Lhasa]] and [[Chengdu]] before its retirement in 1984.<ref name = "Chinese"/>

The Y-10 is an indigenous Chinese design.((r|globalsecurity)) In 1970, the factory got a Pakistan Boeing 707 that crashed in [[Hetian]], Xinjiang to study it.<ref>[http://mall.cnki.net/magazine/Article/HKSY199403016.htm 运-10研制经纬谈].</ref> While the planes were [[Reverse engineering|reverse-engineered]] copies of the [[Boeing 707]]&mdash;one report claimed that after Chinese engineers disassembled a 707 to study it, neither the reassembled original nor the copy would fly<ref name="crane1981">((cite journal | jstor=30173489 | title=The Harrier Jump-Jet and Sino-British Relations | author=Crane, David | journal=Asian Affairs |date=March–April 1981 | volume=8 | issue=4 | pages=227–250 | doi=10.1080/00927678.1981.10553811))</ref>&mdash;both the Y-10's designers and Boeing denied this. While the Y-10 resembles the 707, its dimensions are closer to the [[Boeing 720]] than the 707, and the internal design is very different.<ref name="globalsecurity">((cite web | url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/y-10.htm | title=Y-10 | work=globalsecurity.org | accessdate=September 7, 2011))</ref>

By the time the prototype was first flown, debate about its viability surfaced,  based on a design that was already 30 years old. CAAC, which already owned a modest Western fleet, would not purchase the plane.  China was beginning to embrace trade with the West, and some saw the isolationist design as an inefficient throwback to [[Maoism]].  China in the early reform era was ruled by rehabilitated cadres previously persecuted in the [[Cultural Revolution]] by [[Wang Hongwen]], the project initiator, resulting in the cancellation of the project in 1983, officially due to cost and market concerns.  During its maiden flights, no governmental officials attended the ceremonies for fear of the connection to Wang Hongwen and the Gang of Four.  By 1985, Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Factory had been granted production licensing for the [[McDonnell Douglas MD-80]] and shifted all efforts towards that program.

A model of an AWACS variant has been seen, resembling the Boeing E-3 Sentry AWACS aircraft.<ref name = "Chinese"/>

<gallery caption="Panels">
File:Y-10-1.jpg|Cockpit
File:Y-10-5.jpg|Overhead
File:Y-10-3.jpg|Flight engineer's station
File:Y-10-4.jpg|Navigator's station
</gallery>

==Specifications (Y-10)==
((Aircraft specs
|ref=Chinese Aircraft:China's aviation industry since 1951<ref name="Chinese">((cite book |last1=Gordon |first1=Yefim |title=Chinese Aircraft:China's aviation industry since 1951 |year=2008 |publisher=Hikoki Publications |location=Manchester |isbn=978-1-902109-04-6 |last2=Komissarov |first2=Dmitry |pages=229–231))</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=5 (pilot, co-pilot, flight engineer, navigator, radio operator)
*'''Passenger capacity:''' 
**'''High density:''' 178 
**'''All economy:''' 149
**'''Mixed class:''' 124
*'''Max payload:''' ((cvt|16700|kg|0))
|length m=42.93
|length note=
|span m=42.24
|span note=
|height m=13.42
|height note=
|wing area sqm=244.5
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=58120
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=102000
|max takeoff weight note=(Some sources quote ((cvt|110227|kg|0)))
|fuel capacity=((cvt|51000|kg|0))
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=4
|eng1 name=[[Pratt & Whitney JT3D-3B]]
|eng1 type=[[turbofan]] engines
|eng1 kn=84.7
|eng1 note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=974
|max speed note=
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed note=
*'''Max Cruise Speed:''' ((cvt|917|km/h|mph kn))
**'''Economical Cruise Speed:''' ((cvt|830|-|850|km/h|mph kn))
*'''Landing speed:''' ((cvt|250|km/h|mph kn))
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=
|range note=
*'''Range:''' 
**'''Max payload:''' ((cvt|5560|km|mi nmi))
**'''Max fuel:''' ((cvt|8000|km|mi nmi))
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=12330
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|thrust/weight=0.313 ((citation needed|date=September 2019))
|more performance=<!--</br>
*'''Take-off run:''' ((cvt||m|0))
*'''Take-off run to ((cvt|15|m|0)):''' ((cvt||m|0))
*'''Landing run:''' ((cvt||m|0))
*'''Landing run from ((cvt|15|m|0)):''' ((cvt||m|0))-->

|avionics=
))

==See also==
((aircontent
|related=
|similar aircraft=
* [[Convair 880]]
* [[Convair 990 Coronado]]
* [[Douglas DC-8]]
* [[Boeing 707]]
* [[Boeing 720]]
* [[Ilyushin Il-62]]
* [[Vickers VC10]]
|see also=
* [[COMAC C919]]
* [[COMAC ARJ21]]
|lists=
* [[List of jet airliners]]
))

==References==
((reflist))

==Further reading==
Taylor, W. R. (Ed.).  Jane's All the World's Aircraft, 1980–81.  (London: Jane's Publishing Company), pp.&nbsp;40 ff.

==External links==
((commons category))

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050107153750/http://www.samf.cn/fjzzEN.htm Official Shanghai Y-10 website]
* [http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?aircraft_genericsearch=Shanghai%20Y-10&distinct_entry=true Photo of Shanghai Y-10] (airliners.net)
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/23269353@N00/sets/72157625540815099/ Various published photos of the Shanghai Y-10]

((PRC transport aircraft))

[[Category:1980s Chinese airliners]]
[[Category:Shanghai aircraft]]
[[Category:Abandoned civil aircraft projects]]
[[Category:Quadjets]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1980]]

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