Ernest Sheldon Friel
Born1888
Waterford, Ireland.
Died2 February 1970
Dublin, Ireland[1]
EducationTrinity College, Dublin, Ireland
Years active1909–1970
Medical career
ProfessionDentist
Sub-specialtiesOrthodontics
ResearchOcclusion
AwardsVillain Prize in Orthodontics
Albert H. Ketcham Award in Orthodontics

Ernest Sheldon Friel (1888 – 2 February 1970), was an Irish dentist who was the first specialist orthodontist to practise in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,[2] and the second in Europe,[1] going on to become the first Professor of Orthodontics in Europe. His obituary in The Journal of the Irish Dental Association described him as the most distinguished dentist that Ireland had ever produced.[3]

Academic and clinical career

Friel studied at Trinity College, Dublin, graduating in 1908 and receiving a master's degree in dental science in 1909. During this period he also undertook specialist orthodontic studies under the father of modern orthodontics, Edward Angle, in the United States. In 1909 he established an orthodontic practice in Dublin, the first in the British Isles.[4] In 1910 he was appointed as Lecturer in Orthodontics at Trinity,[5] receiving a Doctor of Science degree in 1928. In 1941 the college created the first professorship in orthodontics in Europe and appointed Friel to the position.[6] For many years following this he was the only professor of orthodontics in the British Isles.[7]

Friel was a pioneer in the use of stainless steel, rather than the previously preferred gold, for the manufacture of orthodontic devices.[4] Other research interests were muscle testing and training, the relation of function to the size and form of jaws, the migration of teeth and occlusion.[6]

Professional societies

Friel was a founder member of the British Society for the Study of Orthodontics[4] and was prominent in the society in its early years,[2] acting as its president in 1924.[5] He was president of the Irish Dental Association in 1932,[8] of the European Orthodontic Society from 1935 to 1937,[9] and of the Odontological Section of the Royal Society of Medicine in 1949.[6]

In 1945 Friel undertook a campaign in the profession for the greater specialisation of orthodontics in Britain at a time when much treatment was undertaken by non-specialist dentists.[4]

Awards and fellowships

In 1948 Friel was awarded a Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons of England,[10] and in 1951 of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.[6] He received the Villain Prize in orthodontics from the Fédération Dentaire Internationale in 1957,[11] and in 1960 he became the first person outside North America to receive the Ketcham Award from the American Board of Orthodontics.[2] In 1962 he was elected an honorary fellow of Trinity College Dublin.[12]

Legacy

Three years after Friel's death his family provided funding to the European Orthodontic Society for the annual Sheldon Friel Memorial Lecture.[13]

References

  1. ^ a b Lee, John B. (1972). The history of the Irish Dental Association, 1922–1972. Irish Dental Association. p. 37. OCLC 4035098.
  2. ^ a b c Wahl, Norman (2005). "Orthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 4: The professionalization of orthodontics (concluded)". American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 128 (2). Elsevier: 252–257. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.06.001. ISSN 0889-5406. PMID 16102412.
  3. ^ "Obituary". The Journal of the Irish Dental Association. 16. Irish Dental Association: 43. 1970. ISSN 0021-1133.
  4. ^ a b c d Taylor, Geoffrey Stuart; Malcolm Nicolson (July 2007). "The Emergence of Orthodontics as a Specialty in Britain: The Role of the British Society for the Study of Orthodontics". Medical History. 51 (3): 379–398. doi:10.1017/s0025727300001496. PMC 1894876. PMID 17603659.
  5. ^ a b Lee, John B.; Niall J. Hogan (1992). The evolution of a profession and of its dental school in Dublin. Atrium Productions. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-9520586-0-1.
  6. ^ a b c d "Sheldon Friel Lectureship". European Orthodontic Society. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
  7. ^ Shankland, Wilbur Morse (1971). The American Association of Orthodontists: The Biography of a Specialty Organization. American Association of Orthodontists. p. 308. OCLC 2337379.
  8. ^ Lee, John B. (1972). The history of the Irish Dental Association, 1922–1972. Irish Dental Association. p. 46. OCLC 4035098.
  9. ^ Poswillo, D. E. (February 1989). "Myths, masks and mechanisms of facial deformity". The European Journal of Orthodontics. 11 (1). European Orthodontic Society: 1–9. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.ejo.a035958. ISSN 0141-5387. PMID 2653849.
  10. ^ "Universities and Colleges". British Medical Journal. 2 (4570): 318–319. 7 May 1948. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4570.318. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 2091220.
  11. ^ Innes, John (1967). The story of the Federation Dentaire Internationale, 1900–1962. Fédération Dentaire Internationale. p. 154. OCLC 458013.
  12. ^ Webb, D.A. (1992). J.R., Barlett (ed.). Trinity College Dublin Record Volume 1991. Dublin: Trinity College Dublin Press. ISBN 1-871408-07-5.
  13. ^ Webster, Valerie J. (1999). Awards, Honors & Prizes: International and Foreign. Gale Group. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-7876-2189-6.
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