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((For|other uses of Sherbro|Sherbro (disambiguation)))
((More citations needed|date=May 2014))
[[File:Sherbro Landsat.jpg|thumb|Natural Color Landsat image of Sherbro Island, Sierra Leone. In the west, the Turtle Islands can be seen.]]
((Infobox settlement
| official_name = Sherbro Island, Sierra Leone
| nickname = ||
|subdivision_type       = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_type1      = [[Southern Province, Sierra Leone|Province]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Districts of Sierra Leone|District]]
|subdivision_name       = [[Sierra Leone]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Southern Province, Sierra Leone|Southern Province]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Bonthe District]]
| leader_title = 
| leader_name = 
| population_as_of =  2013 estimate
| population_metro = 
| population_total =  28,457
| population_footnotes = 
| timezone =  [[Greenwich Mean Time]]
| utc_offset = ±0
| website =  
))
'''Sherbro Island''' is in the [[Atlantic Ocean]], and is included within [[Bonthe District]], [[Southern Province, Sierra Leone|Southern Province]], [[Sierra Leone]]. The island is separated from the African mainland by the Sherbro River in the north and [[Sherbro Strait]] in the east. It is ((convert|32|mi|km)) long and up to ((convert|15|mi|km)) wide, covering an area of approximately ((convert|230|sqmi|km2)). The western extremity is [[Cape St. Ann]]. [[Bonthe]], on the eastern end, is the chief port and commercial centre.

Historically, this was part of the territory of the historic [[Sherbro people]], who dominated a large area of what is now Sierra Leone. Today they are concentrated in the southern and central part of [[Moyamba District]]. They make up by far the largest [[ethnic group]] in the island, where the total population is 28,457. The island has more than ((convert|65|mi|km)) of tropical beaches. It has been earmarked by the Ministry for Tourism and Development of Sierra Leone for tourism development.

==Economic activities==
Swamp-rice cultivation, tourism, and fishing are the main economic activities.

==History==

Sherbro Island was long inhabited by the Sherbro people, who historically dominated other ethnicities in much of the region on the mainland. The islanders had an economy based on extensive fishing. They also traded by boat with neighboring people in villages along the coast.

During the [[Mane people|Mane]] invasion in the 16th century, Sherbro was the center of one of their main kingdoms.<ref name=Rodney>((cite journal |last1=Rodney |first1=Walter |title=A Reconsideration of the Mane Invasions of Sierra Leone. |journal=The Journal of African History |date=1967 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=219–46 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007039 |jstor=179481 |s2cid=163011504 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/179481 |access-date=16 July 2023))
</ref>((rp|227)) The king throughout the first half of the 17th century was a man named Sherabola or Selboele, after whom the island was named.<ref name=Rodney/>((rp|232))

In the seventeenth century [[Portugal|Portuguese]], [[Spain|Spanish]], and [[Netherlands|Dutch]] explorers and traders came to this area. They traded with the Sherbro and with other tribes up the rivers to the interior. They referred to what is now known as the Sherbro River as the ''Madrebombo'' River, which may have referred to "mother drum" in Spanish. Dutch letters dated 1633 refer to the river in a spelling variation as ''Maderebombo.'' Other spelling versions included ''Madrabomba.'' (See: ''Navigantium Atque Itinerantium Bibliotheca'')

In the seventeenth century, the [[Royal African Company]], chartered as a monopoly in England, began to operate here and on the [[Guinea Coast]] as traders. While originally seeking gold, particularly along the [[Gambia River]], by the early eighteenth century the RAC became involved in [[slave trading]], which its monopoly covered.

The RAC established a Company fort known as York Island at Sherbro Island. It was a port for exporting enslaved Africans to the Americas. [[Thomas Corker]], who was from [[Falmouth, Cornwall]], had been working with the RAC for more than a decade when he was appointed agent here in the late seventeenth century. He married the daughter of a Sherbro chief, and their two sons became the patriarchs of a family dynasty of traders and chiefs in the region. Shortly after being reassigned to [[The Gambia]], he died on a business trip to England in 1700, but his descendants in Sierra Leone did well.<ref name="tattersfield">((cite book|last=Tattersfield|first=Nigel|title=The Forgotten Trade: Comprising the Log of the 'Daniel and Henry' of 1700 and Accounts of the Slave Trade From the Minor Ports of England 1698–1725 (1778)|location=London|date=1991|pages=309–19))</ref>

After Great Britain abolished the international African [[slave trade]] in 1808 in partnership with the United States, it used the former RAC trading fort on Sherbro Island as a base for naval operations against illegal slave traders. Liberated slaves were resettled in the [[Freetown]] colony. But for decades more, both Spain and Portugal continued to buy African slaves for their colonies in the Caribbean, and Central and South America.

In 1815 [[Paul Cuffe]], a successful African-American ship maker of [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], became interested in resettling free blacks in west Africa. The British had undertaken this at [[Freetown, Sierra Leone]] since 1792. There, [[Black Loyalists]] from [[Nova Scotia]] (African Americans freed in the [[American Revolution]]) had been joined by [[Jamaican Maroons|Maroons]] deported from [[Jamaica]], [[Liberated Africans in Sierra Leone|Liberated Africans]] freed from illegal traders, and some of the ethnic groups in the territory of Sierra Leone who were interested in western culture,<ref name="harris">Harris, Sheldon H. ''Paul Cuffee: Black America and the African Return''. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1972.</ref> coalesced into the [[Sierra Leone Creole|Creole/Krio]] ethnicity.<ref name=Walker>((cite book|last=Walker |first=James W. |year=1992 |chapter=Chapter Five: Foundation of Sierra Leone |title=The Black Loyalists: The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone, 1783–1870 |location=Toronto |publisher=University of Toronto Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/blackloyalistsse0000walk/page/94 94]–114 |url=https://archive.org/details/blackloyalistsse0000walk |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-8020-7402-7)) Originally published by Longman & Dalhousie University Press (1976).</ref><ref>((cite book|last1=Dixon-Fyle |first1=Mac |last2=Cole |first2=Gibril Raschid |chapter=Introduction |year=2006 |title=New Perspectives on the Sierra Leone Krio |location=New York |publisher=Peter Lang |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WGiRuAG8K5wC |isbn=978-0-8204-7937-8 |pages=2–3 |quote=A substantial part of this ex-slave population was Yoruba, but members of ethnic groups from other regions of the Atlantic (Igbo, Efik, Fante, etc) were also very much in evidence in this coterie of Liberated Africans. Individuals from ethnic communities indigenous to Sierra Leone were significantly represented among the Liberated Africans [...] Many a Temne, Limba, Mende, and Loko resident of Freetown, influenced by local European officials and missionaries, would come in time to shed their indigenous names, and cultural values, to take on a Creole identity which gave them a better chance of success in the rarefied Victorian ambience[sic] of a progressively westernized Freetown society.))</ref>

Cuffe believed that skilled American blacks could help develop trade between Sierra Leone and the United States, benefiting both. In 1815, he resettled a group of 88 American [[freedmen]] on Sherbro Island. After returning to the US, Cuffe marketed his cargo of goods taken on at Freetown.<ref name="harris"/>

Cuffe died in 1817, but the [[American Colonization Society]] (ACS), founded in 1820 by both abolitionists and slaveholders, continued the effort to resettle free blacks in Africa. They commissioned a survey of possible areas, including Sherbro Island. They found [[John Kizell]], a Sherbro born locally who had returned after being captured and held in slavery in South Carolina. He gained freedom with the British during the [[American Revolutionary War]] and was among 1200 [[Black Loyalists]] resettled in [[Freetown]] in 1792. Kizell became a leader to a number of Sherbro people.

The [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] passed an act on March 3, 1819, authorizing transport of freed blacks to their "motherland". The ACS began to develop a colony in Africa for free American blacks. It later became known as the [[Republic of Liberia]]. In this period, most free blacks (and enslaved) in the US were native to the nation; they had family and history there. They wanted to gain equal rights and non-discriminatory treatment in the US.

In 1821, the ship ''Elizabeth'' from New York carried 86 free African Americans (including missionary [[Daniel Coker]]), as well as three ACS agents, as the first ACS sponsored group to Sherbro Island. Disease and fever quickly killed more than a quarter of the would-be settlers.<ref name="npr">((cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=102865779|title=Excerpt: 'This Child Will Be Great'|website=Npr.org|access-date=2017-01-21))</ref> The survivors relocated in April 1822 to [[Providence Island, Monrovia|Providence Island]] at [[Cape Mesurado]] in what developed as the nation of present-day [[Liberia]].<ref name="npr"/>

In 1861 the British Crown Colony at [[Freetown]] acquired Sherbro Island from the Sherbro people, putting it under the jurisdiction of its government. The Sherbro continued to live there. The colonial and later protectorate government administered it until Sierra Leone achieved independence in 1961.
<!-- Needs expansion - relation of the island to greater Sierra Leone, during and after gradual changes in government at end of century and into 20th? -->

==Environment==
[[File:Sherbro Island - panoramio (1).jpg|thumb|Part of the coast of Sherbro Island]]
Sherbro Island is believed to be a breeding ground for [[green sea turtle]]s as well as [[leatherback sea turtle]]s.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn/archives/mtn54/mtn54p10.shtml |title=MTN 54:10-12 Sea Turtle Nesting in Sierra Leone, West Africa |website=Seaturtle.org |date= |accessdate=2017-01-21))</ref> The waters surrounding the island hold some of the biggest [[tarpon]] in the world. Records of the sportfishing organisation [[IGFA]] have been made by catches from this area.

==Population==
In May 2013, the Government of Sierra Leone's record of the island's population was 28,457.

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*((cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/2015/07/sierra-leone-layers-history-150714082258599.html|title=Sierra Leone's layers of history, A past filled with historical memories slowly crumbles away on a forgotten island in Sierra Leone|last=Trenchard|first=Tommy|date=22 Jul 2015|publisher= Al Jazeera Media Network)) 
*[http://www.sierra-leone.org/Postcards/MAP2333.jpg 1746 map of the Guinea Coast, including Sierra Leone], by [[N. Bellin]]. Published in French.  
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=dbb2Ax2J7AEC&dq=madrabomba&pg=PA53 ''Navigantium Atque Itinerantium Bibliotheca''], Google Books

((Authority control))
((Coord|7|33|N|12|42|W|region:SL_type:isle|display=title))

[[Category:Islands of Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Southern Province, Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Sherbro people]]

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