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((Short description|Motorboats used for suicide attacks by the Imperial Japanese Navy))
((More citations needed|date=October 2009))

{|((Infobox ship begin <!-- full code -->
| infobox caption = <!-- keywords: yes, nodab; or caption text -->
| display title = ital<!-- keywords: none, ital; or article title with markup -->
| sclass = <!-- keyword: 2 -->
))
((Infobox ship image
| Ship image = ShinyoUnderWay.jpg
| Ship image size = 230px
| Ship caption = A [[Japanese Special Attack Units|''Shinyo'' suicide motorboat]] being tested by Lt Col James F. Doyle USA commanding officer 2nd Battalion, 305th Infantry 69th Division
))
((Infobox ship class overview
|Name= [[Japanese Special Attack Units|Shin'yō-class suicide motorboat]]
|Builders=[[Yokosuka Naval Arsenal]]
|Operators=((flagicon|Empire of Japan|naval)) [[Imperial Japanese Navy]]
|Class before=
|Class after=
|Subclasses=Shinyo Type 1, Shinyo Type 5
|Cost=
|Built range=April 1944–June 1945
|In service range=
|In commission range=August 1944–August 1945
|Total ships building=
|Total ships planned=11,300
|Total ships completed=6,197
|Total ships cancelled=
|Total ships active=
|Total ships laid up=
|Total ships lost=At least 36
|Total ships retired=
|Total ships scrapped=
|Total ships preserved=
))
((Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header = 
| Header caption = 
| Ship class = [[Motorboat]]
| Ship type = 
| Ship tonnage = 
| Ship displacement = * Type 1: ((convert|1.35|t|LT|abbr=on))
* Type 5: ((convert|2.2|t|LT|abbr=on))
| Ship tons burthen = 
| Ship beam = 
| Ship height = 
| Ship draught = 
| Ship draft = 
| Ship depth = 
| Ship hold depth = 
| Ship decks = 
| Ship deck clearance = 
| Ship ramps = 
| Ship ice class = 
| Ship power = 
| Ship propulsion = 
| Ship sail plan = 
| Ship speed = * Type 1: ((convert|26|knots|lk=in))
* Type 5: ((convert|30|knots|lk=in))
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| Ship crew = Type 1: 1, Type 5: 2
| Ship time to activate = 
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| Ship armament = *[[Bow (ship)|Bow]]-mounted Type 98 high [[explosive]] charge of ((convert|270|kg|abbr=on)) 
*Two ((convert|120|mm|abbr=on)) anti-ship rockets mounted on launchers
| Ship armour = 
| Ship armor = 
| Ship aircraft = 
| Ship aircraft facilities = 
| Ship notes = 
))
|}

[[Image:ShinyoBoat.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A Japanese ''Shinyo'' suicide motorboat, 1945]]

The ((nihongo|'''''Shinyo'''''|震洋|Shin'yō|"Sea Quake")) were Japanese [[Suicide bombings#Japanese kamikaze|suicide]] [[motorboats]] developed during [[World War II]]. They were part of the wider [[Japanese Special Attack Units]] program.

==History==
Towards the end of 1943, in response to unfavorable progress in the war, the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] high command heard suggestions for various suicide craft. These suggestions were initially rejected as "defeatist" but later deemed necessary.<ref name="Japanese suicide craft">((cite book|title=Japanese suicide craft|publisher=US Navy|year=1946))</ref> For the naval department this meant ''[[kamikaze]]'' planes, ''[[kaiten]]'' submarines, ''[[fukuryu]]'' suicide divers or human [[naval mine]]s, and ''shinyo'' suicide boats.

==Characteristics==
These fast motorboats were driven by one man, to speeds of around ((convert|30|kn|km/h|round=5|order=flip|abbr=on)). They were typically equipped with a bow-mounted charge of up to ((convert|300|kg|abbr=on)) of [[explosive]]s that could be detonated by either impact or from a manual switch in the driver's area. These attack boats also carried two anti-ship rockets mounted on launchers located on either side of the boat behind the driver.

The similar ''Maru-Ni'', which were used by the [[Imperial Japanese Army]], were equipped with two [[depth charge]]s, and were not actually suicide boats, as the idea was to drop the depth charges and then turn around before the explosion took place. Although the chances of the boat and crew surviving the wave from the explosion might seem slim, a small number of crewmen successfully escaped.<ref>((Cite book
  | last = Morison
  | first = Samuel Eliot
  | title = History of United States Naval Operations in World War II: The Liberation of the Philippines
  | publisher = University of Illinois Press
  | year = 1959
  | pages = 138–140
  | isbn = 0-252-07064-X
  ))</ref> The depth charges used were known as the ''Experimental Manufacture Use 120 kg Depth Charge'', and were armed by a delayed-action pull igniter.

The program began in March 1944. The first vessels were tested on 27 May, after which it was decided that the original steel hull design would be replaced by a wooden hull due to the Japanese steel shortage. On 1 August, 150 students, on average 17 years old, elected to begin training for the ''Shinyo''.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/ShinyoEMB.htm|title=Battle Histories of Japan's Explosive Motorboats|last=Hackett|first=Robert|last2=Kingsepp|first2=Sander|date=26 November 2011|website=www.combinedfleet.com|access-date=2019-03-13))</ref>

6,197 ''Shinyo''  boats were produced for the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] and 3,000 ''Maru-ni'' for the [[Imperial Japanese Army]].<ref>[http://www.b-29s-over-korea.com/Japanese_Kamikaze/Japanese_Kamikaze05.html Japanese Suicide Weapons]</ref> Around 400 boats were transported to [[Okinawa]] and [[Japanese Taiwan|Formosa]], and the rest were stored on the coast of Japan for the ultimate defense against the expected [[Operation Downfall|invasion of the Home islands]]. The main operative use took place during the [[Philippines Campaign (1944–1945)|Philippines Campaign of 1944–45]].

==Operational results==
*January 10, 1945: Sinking of American ships [[Landing craft|USS ''LCI(G)-365'']] (Landing Craft Infantry – Gunboat), [[Landing craft|USS ''LCI(M)-974'']] (Landing Craft Infantry – Mortar) and crippling of [[USS War Hawk (AP 168)|USS ''War Hawk'']] (an auxiliary transport) in [[Lingayen Gulf]], [[Luzon]], Philippines.
*January 31, 1945: Sinking of ((USS|PC-1129)) ([[Submarine chaser]]) off [[Nasugbu, Batangas|Nasugbu]] in Luzon, Philippines.
*February 16, 1945: Sinking of USS ''LCS(L)-7'' ([[Landing Craft Support]] – Large), ''LCS(L)-26'', and ''LCS(L)-49'' off [[Mariveles, Bataan|Mariveles]], Corregidor Channel, Luzon.
*April 4, 1945: Sinking of USS ''LCI(G)-82'' ([[Landing Craft Infantry]] – Gunboat) and ((USS|LSM-12)) (Landing Ship Medium) off Okinawa.
*April 9, 1945: Damaging of ((USS|Charles J. Badger|DD-657)).
*April 27, 1945: Crippling of ((USS|Hutchins|DD-476)) in [[Nakagusuku Bay|Buckner Bay]], Okinawa.
*May 4, 1945: Damaging of ((USS|Carina|AK-74)) in the north end of [[Nakagusuku Bay|Buckner Bay]], Okinawa.

==See also==
*[[List of Allied vessels struck by Japanese special attack weapons]]
*[[MT explosive motorboat]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==Bibliography==
*((cite journal |last1=Wilterding |first1=John H. Jr. |title=Re: Mystery Photo 158 |journal=Warship International |date=2006 |volume=XLIII |issue=1 |pages=41–43 |issn=0043-0374))

==External links==
*[http://www.b-29s-over-korea.com/Japanese_Kamikaze/Japanese_Kamikaze05.html Japanese Suicide Weapons]
*[http://www.combinedfleet.com/OkinawaEMB.htm Explosive Motorboats based at Okinawa 1944–1945]

((Imperial Japanese Navy))
((WWII Japanese ships))
((Warship_types_of_the_19th_&_20th_centuries))

[[Category:World War II suicide weapons of Japan]]
[[Category:Minor warship classes]]
[[Category:Motorboats]]
[[Category:Ships built in Japan]]

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