Large ships are scrapped in Alang, India
Aerial view of Alang
Staten Island boat graveyard in 1973
Shipwrecks in Camaret-sur-Mer
French navy graveyard at Landévennec near Brest
Boat cemetery in Bénodet
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A ship graveyard or ship cemetery is a location where the hulls of scrapped ships are left to decay and disintegrate, or left in reserve. Such a practice is now less common due to waste regulations and so some dry docks where ships are broken (to recycle their metal and remove dangerous materials like asbestos) are also known as ship graveyards.

By analogy, the phrase can also refer to an area with many shipwrecks which have not been removed by human agency, instead being left to disintegrate naturally. These can form in places where navigation is difficult or dangerous (such as the Seven Stones, off Cornwall, or Blackpool, on the Irish Sea); or where many ships have been deliberately scuttled together (as with the German High Seas Fleet at Scapa Flow); or where many ships have been sunk in battle (such as Ironbottom Sound, in the Pacific).

The majority of the ships in the world are constructed in the developed countries. Ships last about 25–30 years, after which they become too expensive to maintain and are sold to be broken down. Most of them are directly sold to the ship recycling companies in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and other developing countries, also known as the (semi-)periphery countries from Immanuel Wallerstein's World System Theory. In 2014, 54 percent of the ships went to the beaches of India and Bangladesh.[1] This is consistent with the period 2012–2018. From the total of 6,702 scrapped ships worldwide, 3,586 ships have been scrapped in India and Bangladesh, which comes down to 53.5 percent.[2]

As of January 2020, with 30% share India has the highest global revenue and highest share of global ship breaking (number and volume of ships broken).[3]

It is estimated that ship breaking yards provide more than 100,000 jobs to people worldwide and that they yield millions of tons of steel every year with a minimal consumption of electricity.[4] Besides steel, this industry also yields a huge amount of solid wastes in the form of scrapped wood, plastic, insulation material, glass wool, sponge, waste paper, oiled rope and cotton waste.[5]

List of ship graveyards

Africa

See also: List of shipwrecks of Africa

Asia

See also: List of shipwrecks of Asia

Europe

France

Sweden

United Kingdom

North America

United States

See also: List of shipwrecks of the United States

Oceania

Australia

See also: List of shipwrecks of Australia and Australasian Underwater Cultural Heritage Database

New South Wales:

Northern Territory:

Queensland:

South Australia: As of November 2020 there are 19 ships' graveyards in South Australia.[11]

Others

Tasmania:

Victoria:

Western Australia:

See also

References

  1. ^ IndustriALL. (2015, 15 december). SPECIAL REPORT: Cleaning up shipbreaking the world’s most dangerous job. [1]
  2. ^ Buchholz, K. (2019, 13 maart). India and Bangladesh Are Scrapping Bulk of Old Ships. Statista Infographics. Retrieved December 5, 2021, from [2]
  3. ^ India eyes 60 per cent share of global ship recycling business; higher GDP contribution, Economic Times, 30 December 2019.
  4. ^ YPSA. (n.d.). Overview of Ship Breaking in Bangladesh. Ship Breaking in Bangladesh. [3]
  5. ^ Srinivasa Reddy, M., Basha, S., Sravan Kumar, V., Joshi, H., & Ghosh, P. (2003). Quantification and classification of ship scrapping waste at Alang–Sosiya, India. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46(12), 1609–1614. [4]
  6. ^ Gadani Beach
  7. ^ Cairis, Nicholas T. (1979), Passenger Liners of the World Since 1893, Revised Edition, pp. 152, 155, 159, 206, 208. New York: Bonanza Books. ISBN 0-517-28875-3
  8. ^ Neill, Peter (1988), Maritime America: Art and Artifacts From America's Great Nautical Collections, pp. 135, 146-147. New York: Balsam Press, Inc.
  9. ^ "Staten Island Boat Graveyard".
  10. ^ United States Coast Pilot. Vol. 3 (43rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: National Ocean Service. 2010. p. 313. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
  11. ^ "Ships' graveyards of South Australia". Government of South Australia. Department for Environment and Water. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  12. ^ "Port Adelaide (Ships' Graveyards)". South Australian Department of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  13. ^ Hartell, Robyn; Richards, Nathan (2001). Garden Island, Ships's Graveyard. Heritage SA, Department for Environment and Heritage. pp. 1–6. ISBN 0-7308-5894-4.
  14. ^ Richards, Nathan (1997). The History and Archaeology of the Garden Island Ships' Graveyard, North Arm of the Port River, Port Adelaide, South Australia (PDF) (BA(Hons) thesis, Archaeology)). Flinders University. pp. 26–30. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
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