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((Short description|Former South Korean law forbidding online gaming for children from 12:00am to 6:00am))
((Multiple issues|
((More citations needed|date=May 2018))
((expand language|topic=|langcode=ko|otherarticle=대한민국의_셧다운_제도|date=January 2018))
))

((Infobox legislation
| short_title    = Youth Protection Revision Act
| legislature    = National Assembly of South Korea
| image          = File:Emblem of the National Assembly of Korea.svg
| imagesize      = 250px
| caption        = The emblem of the National Assembly of Korea.
| date_enacted   = 
| date_passed    = 19 May 2011
| date_commenced = 20 November 2011
| bill           = 
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| keywords       = 
| status         = Repealed
))

The '''Youth Protection Revision Act''', commonly known as the '''Shutdown Law''' or '''Cinderella Law''', was an act of the [[National Assembly (South Korea)|South Korean National Assembly]] which forbade children under the age of sixteen to play online video games between the hours of 00:00 and 06:00. The legislature passed the law on 19 May 2011 and it went into effect on 20 November 2011. The law was abolished in August 2021.<ref name="auto">((Cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/south-korea-gaming-shutdown-law-end-163212494.html|title=South Korea to end its controversial gaming curfew|website=Engadget))</ref>

== Overview ==
Between the hours of 00:00 and 06:00, access to [[online game]]s is blocked for all under the age of sixteen. The law has led those under sixteen to commit [[identity theft]]—underage [[South Korea]]ns stole [[resident registration number]]s in an effort to elude the law.<ref>Jiyeon Lee, [http://www.cnn.com/2011/11/22/world/asia/south-korea-gaming "South Korea pulls plug on late-night adolescent online gamers"], Digital Biz, [[CNN]], November 22, 2011.</ref><ref>Heather McClellan, [http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/114369-South-Koreas-Shutdown-Law-Takes-Effect "South Korea's 'Shutdown Law' Takes Effect"] News, The Escapist, November 24, 2011.</ref><ref>Chris Marlowe, [http://www.dmwmedia.com/news/2011/11/28/korea-slaps-curfew-on-gamers "Korea Slaps Curfew on Gamers"], Digital Media Wire, November 28, 2011.</ref> The shutdown law targets online games, but does not affect [[console game]]s and [[mobile game]]s. However, due to its difficulty in performance of the law in some cases, they decided to entirely ban all games of some companies, such as [[Xbox Live]] or [[PSN]].<ref>Kwon Youngjeon, [https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20111116040300017 "Playstation, Virtually Banning All Teens From Entering...Because of 'Shutdown Law'"], Yonhap News, November 16, 2011.</ref> Legal challenges against the law were filed by a group of Korean game manufacturers and a cultural organization.<ref>[http://kotaku.com/5921659/koreas-silly-shutdown-law-might-be-unconstitutional "Korea's Silly 'Shutdown Law' Might Be Unconstitutional"], Legal, Kotaku.com, 22 June 2012.</ref> After 2 September 2014, parents could request that their children be exempted from the law.<ref>Min-Jeong Lee, [https://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2014/09/02/south-korea-eases-rules-on-kids-late-night-gaming/ South Korea Eases Rules On Kids' Late Night Gaming], ''The Wall Street Journal'', September 2, 2014.</ref>

== Constitutionality ==
Internet game service providers filed a constitutional complaint about the shutdown law. They claimed that parts of the law infringed on the freedom of young people, the freedom of the game provider's occupation, the general freedom of action possessed by youths, and the rights of parents. The [[Constitutional Court of Korea]] rejected the complaint.

The court agreed that young people have the right to play video games but that the shutdown law did not infringe on their rights or liberty because video game addiction is detrimental to health. The court stated the rights of parents are not absolute and that the government can exercise control on families in dangerous situations. The court did not agree that the shutdown law unfairly targeted online game providers because online games are more addictive than other types of games.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.ccourt.go.kr/cckhome/comn/event/eventSearchTotalInfo.do?changeEventNo=2011%ED%97%8C%EB%A7%88659&viewType=3&searchType=1|title=청소년 보호법 제23조의3 등 위헌확인 - 2011헌마659|trans-title=Confirmation of unconstitutionality of Article 23-3 of the Juvenile Protection Act - 2011 Heon-ma 659|language=ko|date=2017-12-05))</ref>

== History ==
((Unreferenced section|date=November 2018))
In October 2004, some civic groups called for the government to pass a shutdown law because teenagers needed their sleep. The advocacy groups organized a forum. Kim Jae Gyeong of the Grand National Party (Hannara) proposed the Juvenile Protection Act amendment in 2005. This amendment was an early version of the shutdown law. Game industry lobbyists and actions by the [[Ministry of Culture]] and Tourism killed the legislation. The next year, Kim Hi Jeong, of the Grand National Party (Hannara) proposed an "act on preventing and solving internet addiction, including online games". This bill would require games to warn players that the games are addictive and penalize players, especially teens, who play too long. This bill also failed for reasons similar to the 2005 defeat.

On 10 July 2008, Kim Jae Gyeong proposed the Juvenile Protection Act amendment which required online game providers to prohibit teens from playing their games between the hours of 00:00 and 06:00. The amendment set out penalties for game companies who did not comply—up to 2 years in jail and a fine of up to ₩10,000,000 ($8,560). One year later, Cho Yeong Hi, of the United Democratic Party proposed a similar amendment on 22 April 2009. It included the prohibition of online game service to young people from 00:00 to 06:00, required that parents approve the play of online games for teenagers, and required game providers to warn players about internet gaming addiction. The possible punishment for a violation was the same as in the previous proposed amendment.

The [[Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism|Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] and the [[Ministry of Gender Equality and Family]] were to introduce separate shutdown law amendments but decided to work together to develop one amendment that would be accepted by the legislature. They completed their version of the shutdown law bill on 3 June 2010. The shutdown law bill, which was included in the Juvenile Protection Act amendment, was introduced at the South Korea National Assembly [[plenary session]] and the bill was passed on 29 April 2011.

The shutdown law went into effect on 20 November 2011. It was applied to every online game in service in South Korea. Teenagers under seventeen years of age were not allowed to play online video games between the hours of 00:00 and 06:00. The law affected some online social games and every online game service that required a resident registration number.

On 24 April 2014, the constitutional court ruled that the shutdown law was constitutional.

As of August 2021 the law was abolished.<ref name="auto"/>

== Similar laws in other countries ==
=== China ===
In 2007, China introduced an Online Game Addiction Prevention System (Fatigue System). The fatigue system outlined a method to reduce the rewards in games (experience value and item drop rate) after a certain amount of time passed. This method was different than others that proposed forced termination after playing a game for a certain period of time. Once a player reached cumulative three to five hours of play, the game would reduce rewards by 50%. Once a player reached cumulative over five hours of play, the game would not give out any rewards. The fatigue system did not work well and was discarded.

According to the [[China Internet Network Information Center]], the age of first-time Internet access for minors is steadily declining and the Internet usage rate for minors is consistently increasing. Additionally, most minors are using the Internet and 70% of offences committed by minors are caused by Internet.<ref>((cite web|url=http://news.hankyung.com/article/201211202833v|title=중국-태국, 셧다운제 실효성 없어 폐기|trans-title=China, Thailand to shut down shutdown|language=ko|date=2017-12-05))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://journal.kiso.or.kr/?p=8194|title=중국 미성년자 게임 셧다운제 도입 의미와 전망|trans-title=Significance and Prospects of China's Minor Game Shutdown|language=ko|date=2017-12-05))</ref> In 2016, China took steps to reduce the negative impact of the Internet on minors and passed the Minors Internet Protection Ordinance.

The ordinance includes restrictions on nighttime gaming and length of gaming sessions for minors, required online gaming service providers to change rules to reduce addiction, provided for education and guidance of minors, and required manufacturers to install software for the protection of minors.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.chinalawtranslate.com/%E6%9C%AA%E6%88%90%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E6%9D%A1%E4%BE%8B-%EF%BC%88%E9%80%81%E5%AE%A1%E7%A8%BF%EF%BC%89/?lang=en|title=Regulations on the Protection of Minors Online (Draft for Deliberation)|date=2017-01-07))</ref>

Under 2019 rules, people under 18 were allowed to play games for ((frac|1|1|2)) hours a day on most games. However, as of August 30, 2021, China's National Press and Publication Administration ([[General Administration of Press and Publication]]) published new rules, stating that people under 18 will be allowed to play video games one hour a day between 8 PM and 9 PM on Fridays, weekends, and legal holidays. The government announcements said all online video games will be required to connect to an "anti-addiction" system operated by the National Press and Publication Administration. Starting Wednesday, September 1, 2021, games will require all users to register using their real names and government-issued identification documents.<ref>((cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-sets-new-rules-for-youth-no-more-videogames-during-the-school-week-11630325781|title=China Limits Online Videogames to Three Hours a Week for Young People|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=2021-08-30|last1=Zhai|first1=Keith))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/30/china-to-ban-kids-from-playing-online-games-for-more-than-three-hours-per-week.html|title=China to ban kids from playing online games for more than three hours per week|date=2021-08-30))</ref>

=== Vietnam ===

In 2010, [[Ministry of Information and Communications (Vietnam)]] has cut off overnight public Internet access in businesses and banned advertisements of online games pending new regulations amid a public outcry over the games' influence on youth, the state-run news agency reported.<ref>((Cite web |title=Vietnam restricts online gaming over youth concerns - CNN.com |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/07/29/vietnam.online.gaming/index.html |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=www.cnn.com |language=en))</ref> The move also temporarily stopped the licensing of online games. Vietnamese officials announced the decision Tuesday and said it would remain in effect until the end of the year((citation needed|date=February 2023)). Government officials said they hope to crack down on games with violent, gambling, and pornographic content and rate the games, according to [[Việt Nam News]].<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/07/29/vietnam.online.gaming/index.html| title=Vietnam restricts online gaming over youth concerns|date=2010-07-29))</ref>

In 2011, according to the [[Daily Mail]]<ref>((cite magazine|url=https://techland.time.com/2011/02/24/vietnam-bans-online-gaming-from-10-pm-to-8-am/|title=Vietnam Bans Online Gaming from 10 PM to 8 AM|magazine=Time|date=2011-02-24|last1=Castillo|first1=Michelle))</ref>((Better source needed|date=September 2023)) the country is placing a ban on all online gaming activity from 10 PM to 8 AM in order to protect the youth from wasting their brains. “Provincial departments of information and communication will inspect online games activities nationwide and deal with organizations that violate regulations by canceling their services” [[Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam]] Le Nam Thang said, adding that officials have tried other methods which have not proven effective. According to the article, internet service providers have until March 3 to comply with the shutoff or they will be cut off by the Vietnamese government. Gamasutra (now Game Developer) points out that [[China]] has put stringent restrictions on their country's youth gamers including making games with “unwholesome” content including pornography, violence, gambling, cults, and material classified as “cruel” or “horrifying” illegal, outlawing real currency in games in lieu of virtual currency and put heavy restrictions on minors “buying” products in the gaming world.

==References==
((reflist))

[[Category:Children's rights legislation]]
[[Category:Law of South Korea]]
[[Category:Video game law]]

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